Momwe mungasankhire wrench pokonza magalimoto a DIY

Kukonza nokha magalimoto sikophweka. M'magalimoto okhala ndi mtunda wapamwamba, china chake chimasweka nthawi zonse, ndipo amayenera kukonzedwa. Magalimoto ambiri amakono amakhala ndi zida zamagetsi zotsogola, zomwe nthawi zina zimapangitsa ngakhale gudumu wamba la nyengo kusintha kukhala vuto lalikulu.

Ponena za magalimoto a bajeti, titi, nthawi yoyambira 2000, mayunitsi ambiri mwa iwo amatha kukonzedwa okha. Komabe, popanda zida zoyenera, makaniki wodziyendetsa pawokha amatha nthawi yayitali akukonzanso, zomwe zichitike pamalo operekera mphindi 5, kapena kuvulala.

Taganizirani chida chimodzi chapadera chomwe chimapangitsa kukonza magalimoto kukhala kosangalatsa, kotetezeka, komanso mwachangu. Ichi ndi wrench. Choyamba, tiyeni tikambirane chifukwa chake ikufunika, komanso mfundo zake zogwirira ntchito.

Ndi chiyani ndipo imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Dzinalo lokha likusonyeza kuti chida ichi chakonzedwa kuti chizipotoza mtedza ndi mabatani okhala ndi zisoti zofananira. Wrench ndi imodzi mwazida zazikulu kwambiri zomwe ziyenera kupezeka mubokosi lazida za aliyense woyendetsa galimoto.

Kulumikizana konse kwa njira zamagalimoto kumapangidwa molingana ndi mtundu wa bolt / nut. Popeza poyendetsa ma clamp awa amakhudzidwa pamlingo wina ndi wina chifukwa cha kugwedera, nthawi ndi nthawi amafooka, ndipo amafunika kulimbikitsidwa. Pomwe ngakhale injini yamafuta oyambira yapangidwa, wrench yomweyo imafunika kutsitsa mafuta akale.

Mphamvu wrench ndi chida chosunthika. Kunja, kumawoneka ngati kubowola. Pokhapokha potembenukira ilibe chuck, koma chosinthira cholumikizira mphuno (pini yokhala ndi mbali zinayi yomwe imayika mutu wosinthika). Palinso mitundu momwe mphutsiyo sinasinthe.

Chida chonsecho chimakhala chofanana ndi choboolera - thupi la mfuti, batani loyambira pachikho, ndi zina zambiri. Kutengera mtunduwo, chidacho chimagwiritsa ntchito magwero osiyanasiyana pazomwe zimazungulira. Awa akhoza kukhala magetsi, mphamvu yamlengalenga yopopedwa ndi kompresa, ndi zina zambiri.

Makinawa amakhala ndi kasupe wobwerera yemwe amalola shaft kuti izizungulira popita mozungulira njinga yamagalimoto kapena makina ena oyendetsa. Chifukwa cha malowa, makaniko amatha kukhazikitsa mphamvu kuti asadule ulusi. Komabe, opanga zida zamagalimoto atha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina.

Chida ichi chimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuthana ndi mabotolo owiritsa kapena mtedza. Makina ake adapangidwa m'njira yoti torque iperekedwe ku shaft yoyendetsedwa osati kudzera pa cholumikizira chokhwima, koma kudzera pachida chomwe chimakhudza zotsatira zake (zofananira ndi kubowola nyundo). Chifukwa cha ichi, ulusi wowira uduka osafunikira kuyesetsa kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake okonzanso amalivulala kwambiri - kiyi imadumpha, ndipo munthuyo amamenya makinawo ndi manja ake.

Mitundu yazida ndi kusiyana kwawo

Pali mitundu iwiri yama wrenches yathunthu. Mtundu woyamba ndikumenyedwa (zotsatira zake zimakhala ngati kubowola nyundo), komwe kupotoza kumachitika mu ma jerks. Chachiwiri ndi chopanikizika. Amangoyendetsa mutu.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa chida uli m'gulu la akatswiri. Ndizosavuta kugwira naye ntchito. Mtundu wamafuta umakhala ndi makokedwe apamwamba, omwe amalola kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito pokonzanso akatswiri. Mwachitsanzo, osintha matayala amagwiritsa ntchito zosinthazi.

Kuphatikiza apo, zida zimagawika m'magulu anayi kutengera mtundu wa drive. Nazi kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu.

Zamagetsi (netiweki)

Mawilo amenewa makamaka ndi ma wrenches omwe amakhudza. Ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira kutsegulira bwino kapena kupatsa kulumikizana kwapamwamba kwambiri pazolumikizana zambiri pamakina. Chifukwa chakupezeka kwa waya, wrench yamagetsi siyimayenda bwino, ndipo ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mosasamala, zingwe zazingwe zimatha.

Amachita bwino ndimalumikizidwe ovuta omwe amafunika kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito kiyi wamba. Kutsegulira kumaperekedwa ndikuwongolera kwamphamvu kwamagalimoto amagetsi. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbitsa. Poterepa, imagwira ntchito ngati wrench ya torque.

Rechargeable

M'malo mwa mphamvu yochokera pamagetsi, wrench yopanda zingwe imagwiritsa ntchito magetsi kuchokera kumagwero amagetsi ochotsedwapo. Ubwino wachitsanzo chotere ndi kuyenda kwake. Mbuyeyo amatha kufika mbali iliyonse yamagalimoto osagwiritsa ntchito chingwe chowonjezera. Imagwira bwino ntchito zing'onozing'ono zanyumba, komanso ndikukonzanso magalimoto ang'onoang'ono.

Chotsatira chake chachikulu ndi batire. Chidachi chikakhala chatsopano komanso chatsopano, chimatha kuthana ndi kulumikizana kolimba komwe kumafunikira mphamvu ya 500 Nm. Koma ngakhale pamenepa, pambuyo pa mtedza woyamba kuwira, chindapusa chimachepa, ndichifukwa chake muyenera kukonzanso batire.

Mpweya

Garaja iliyonse yamaluso idzasinthidwa ndi wrench iyi. Pneumatic chida ndi champhamvu, ndipo mphamvu yolimbitsa imatha kukhala mpaka zikwi zitatu Nm. Kugwiritsa ntchito makinawo kumaperekedwa ndi mphamvu ya mpweya wothinikizidwa, womwe umaperekedwa kuchokera pagombe lolumikizidwa ndi kompresa. Mphamvu yolimbitsa imayendetsedwa ndi valavu yomwe ili pachipangizo cha chipangizocho.

Nthawi zambiri, chida chazida chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo kuti chidziwitse kuzirala mwachangu. Kutuluka kwa mpweya wopanikizika kumayendetsa shaft pomwe mutu wakhazikika. Mitundu yambiri imagwira ntchito yayikulu ndi mtedza uliwonse womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamavili amgalimoto. Zoona, mtengo wa chida chotere udzakhala wokwera, ndipo kuti ugwire ntchito yake, uyeneranso kugula kompresa.

Hayidiroliki

Njira yama hydraulic ndiyamphamvu kwambiri kuposa zonse. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale. Makokedwe amtunduwu amayesedwa kale masauzande makumi a Nm. Kwa garaja wamba, mitundu iliyonse yomwe yatchulidwayo ndiyokwanira.

Chida chimayendetsedwa ndi ma hydraulic - mafuta kapena madzi ena ogwirira ntchito amapopedwa ndi pampu. Imayendetsa chopangira chopangira chopangira, chomwe chimamangiriridwa ndi shaft yofanana nayo.

Nayi kanema wamfupi wamomwe mpweya umakhudzira onse awiri ndikupotoza nati nthawi yomweyo:

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito wrench yampweya.

Mtundu wa chakudya

Tsatanetsatane pang'ono pazosinthazi. Chida chamagetsi chimayendetsedwa ndi magetsi amnyumba wamba. Sichiyenera kuwonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi (220V ndikwanira). Kusinthaku ndikoyenera kwa oyendetsa galimoto omwe amagwiritsa ntchito galimoto imodzi. Ndikofunikira makamaka kugwira ntchito ndi chida choterocho muzipinda zomwe zili ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha moto. Zipangizo zoterezi zimagwiritsa ntchito burashi yamagetsi yamagetsi yomwe imatulutsa ma sparks.

Kusintha kwamphamvu kwama batri kuli ndi mwayi winanso kupatula kuyenda. Mitundu yotsika mtengo sigwiritsa ntchito brashi yamagalimoto, chifukwa chake ndi abwino kuzipinda zomwe zimayatsa moto kwambiri. Zipangizo zamagetsi zamtunduwu zimatha kuthana bwino ndi mtedza waubweya wa 32. Zimakhala zothandiza kusankha njirayi ndi mabatire awiri mu zida, kapena kugula magetsi owonjezera padera. Izi zifupikitsa nthawi yokonza batire ikatha.

Kwa magaraja ambiri, ndizothandiza kwambiri kugula mtundu wa pneumatic. Ntchito zambiri zimakhala ndi mayunitsi a compressor mwachisawawa, chifukwa chake palibe chifukwa chowonjezera zinyalala pogula chida. Koma kwa eni eni ake, kompresa ndi othandiza pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku komanso pantchito zina, mwachitsanzo, kujambula malo okhala ndi mfuti ya utsi, ndi zina zambiri.

Mawonekedwe, zida ndi chitonthozo

Kuphatikiza pa akatswiri odziwika bwino amtundu wa pistol, palinso zosintha zazing'ono. Iwo ali ngati mawonekedwe amtundu wamba, koma amangogwirizana ndi kompresa, kapena amayendetsedwa ndi magetsi. Ubwino wa zosinthazi ndizotheka kwawo. Ndikokwanira kugwira chida ndi dzanja limodzi, chifukwa nthawi zambiri timagwira wrench.

Mtundu wina ndi womwe umatchedwa zingwe zolunjika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazonyamula pomwe wogwira ntchito amasonkhanitsa misonkhano ikuluikulu osasiya mzere wopangira. Ubwino wazithunzizi uli mu makokedwe awo apamwamba.

Mitundu ina imafika ku 3000Nm ndi zina zambiri. Zowona, ma wrench amenewa amawononga ndalama zambiri - pafupifupi $ 700. Popeza chidacho chidapangidwa kuti chomata mtedza ndi ma bolts akulu, chimakhala ndi zigwiriro ziwiri kuti wrench isatuluke m'manja mwanu.

Ponena za kutonthoza komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, kuchokera pakuwona ndikofunikira kuyimilira pachitsanzo ndi chogwirira chamagetsi. Ndikosavuta kugwira m'manja mwanu, ngakhale mutakhala ndi magolovesi. Kwenikweni, zida zotere zimapangidwa ndi pulasitiki kapena chitsulo chosagwira ntchito. Mnzake wachitsulo ndi wodalirika kwambiri, ndipo amatha kupirira ntchito yogwira ya mbuye wosalondola.

Zowonjezera magwiridwe antchito

Nazi zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana posankha wrench yatsopano:

• Makokedwe ndi gawo lomwe limatsimikizira mphamvu zomwe gawolo lipotozedwe. Mwachilengedwe, kufunikira kwa gawo ili kumakhudza mtundu wanji wa ntchito yomwe ingagwire ndi chida. Injini ikakhala yamphamvu kwambiri, chida chake chimakhala chokwera mtengo kwambiri. Kuti mudziwe izi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kuti mutsegule gudumu wamba, mufunika chida chokhala ndi makokedwe a 200 Nm. Ngati mtundu wachi China udagulidwa, ndiye kuti gawo lomwe limatchulidwa m'mawuwo nthawi zambiri limakhala zowonetsa kwenikweni. Mukasankha mtundu wa wrench, muyenera kulabadira ntchito yosintha mphamvu. Idzagwira ntchito bwino mtedza wawung'ono utamangiriridwa (kuti ungathyole ulusiwo).
• Impact mode - momwe chida chimagwirira ntchito ndi zikhumbo zomwe zimafanana ndi nyundo pachinsinsi. Ntchitoyi imakupatsani mwayi wolimbitsa kulumikizana kwamphamvu popanda kuyesetsa pang'ono. Silikugwira ntchito mofananamo ndi nyundo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola kapena pobowola nyundo. Kusiyana kwake ndikuti mutu umazungulira mukugwedezeka. Kwenikweni, njirayi imafunika kuti idule mtedza wambiri. Wrench yabwino ya DeWalt DCF899P2, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi batri, idalowa mgululi.
• Kuwunikira kumbuyo ndi njira ina yomwe ingakhale yothandiza pokonza galimoto. Katswiriyu ali mu dzenje loyendera, ngakhale nyali yoyenda nayo singathandize kuwona phiri lomwe mukufuna. Tochi loyikidwa m'mbali mwa mutu womwe mukuzungulira likuthandizani kuwona ngati phirilo likuzungulira mokwanira kapena ayi. Chenjezo lokhalo lokhudza njirayi ndiloti kusintha kokha ndi batri kumakhala ndi kuwunikira. Kwa ena onse, wopanga sanasamalire izi.
• Kuteteza kwa magalimoto kuti muchepetse - ntchito yowonjezerayi iyenera kukhala ndi mtundu wamagetsi, popeza mu analogue ya pneumatic drive imayendetsedwa ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya. Cholepheretsa chokha chimatseka chida kuti mota yake isazime. Tsoka ilo, zingwe zambiri zopanda zingwe zimakhala ndi makina oterewa. Ponena za ma network a ma network, alipo ochepa okha. Cholinga chake ndikuti kulumikizana kwamtunduwu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pama mota osagwedezeka, ndipo mitundu yama netiweki samakhala ndimayendedwe otere.

Zimawononga ndalama zingati (mitundu yabwino)

Mtengo wa wrench umadalira mtundu wake, kuthamanga ndi makokedwe apamwamba. Kukwera kwa zizindikirozi, mtengo wake ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri, koma ntchito yomwe ingathe kuthana nayo imatha kukhala yovuta kwambiri. Kusintha kwamabatire wamba ndi batri ya 12-volt ndikulimbitsa kwa pafupifupi 100Nm kumawononga $ 50.

Analog yamagetsi, yomwe mphamvu yake ndi 40W, ndi makokedwe ake ndi 350Nm, zidzawononga kale pafupifupi 200 USD. Mtunduwo umapangidwa ndi pulasitiki wosagwira, chogwirira chake chimakhala ndi mphira. Wrench yotereyi idzatetezedwa ku kutentha kwambiri. Zabwino kwa iwo omwe nthawi zambiri amachita kukonza pagalimoto yonyamula.

Zabwino kwambiri pazida zopanda ntchito zikhala zitsanzo za opanga awa:

• Chingwe chopanda zingwe ndi magetsi kuchokera kwa wopanga waku Germany Bosch (GDR). Ngakhale mitengo yamtengo wapatali (imayamba pa $ 200 ndi kupitilira apo), ngakhale mtundu wamagetsi wogwiritsa ntchito batri umagwira ntchito yabwino yosamalira maulumikizidwe ambiri mgalimoto.
• Chida champhamvu chamagetsi chopangidwa ndi wopanga zoweta (ZUBR). Ambuye ambiri novice amasankha izo. Mtengo wake umachokera $ 80.
• Chimodzi mwazokwera mtengo kwambiri ndi Hilti. Mtundu wokhala ndi batri yochotseka, umabwera ndi zolumikizira zingapo zingapo ndi chingwe chowonjezera cha malo ovuta kufikako. Mtengo wa chida chotere umayamba pa $ 400. Kusinthaku kumagwira ntchito modekha, potero kumapulumutsa mphamvu ya batri.
• Mwa mitundu yampweya, a Jonesway JAI-1114 adziwonetsa bwino. Mu makokedwe pazipita ukufika 1356 NM, ndi rpm - 900 pa mphindi. Mtengo wa chida chotere ndi pafupifupi $ 180.
• Makita TW140DWAE ndiwrench ina yabwino yopanda zingwe yomwe ingakwaniritse kukonzanso pang'ono kwamagalimoto bwino. Seti ili ndi mabatire awiri a volt 12, ma bits okhala ndi mitu yosinthira pamlanduwo. Ngakhale makokedwe ang'ono (140Nm), ali ndi momwe amathandizira (kuchuluka kwa zovuta kumafika 3200 pamphindi). Imasinthidwa ndikudina batani.
• Inforce PW720 ndi mtundu wa pneumatic womwe ungathe kupirira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zabwino kwambiri kwa akatswiri osintha matayala ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito. Thupi limakhala la mphira, kotero kuti chidacho sichiwopa kugwera pa konkriti. Makokedwewo ndi 570Nm ndipo mtengo umayamba pa $ 80.

Kwa msonkhano wamba wamagalimoto, mutha kugula kusinthidwa kwampweya ndi kompresa. The kompresa angagwiritsidwe ntchito jacks pneumatic ndi kufufuma gudumu. Ngati wrench ya garaja yasankhidwa, ndiye kuti mtundu wamagetsi ungakhale wokwanira. Katundu panyumba sakhala wokwera kwambiri mwakuti chidacho chimatha msanga.

Единственное – стоит выбирать продукцию известных компаний, например, Makita, Bosch и т.п. В этом случае производитель дает хорошую гарантию и обеспечивает качественным сервисным обслуживанием. А ndemanga iyi ikunenamomwe mungatulutsire chitseko cha VAZ 21099 kwa oyamba kumene ngati palibe zida zoyenera.

Onani kanema wamfupi momwe zingwe zopanda zingwe zimagwirira ntchito (zomwe zimalola mutu kuzungulira ndi nyere):

Wrench yamagalimoto. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Ndi wrench iti yomwe mungasankhe pa garaja yanu? Zimatengera ntchito yomwe ikuchitika. Pazofuna zapakhomo, wrench yamagetsi idzakhala yokwanira. Analogue ya pneumatic idzafunika kale pamalo ochitira akatswiri.

Kodi mungasankhe bwanji wrench yamagetsi yamagetsi? Mphamvu ya akatswiri zitsanzo akuyamba 1.2 kW. Makokedwe ochulukirapo amadzaza ndi kusweka kwa ulusi, ndipo torque yosakwanira imakhala ndi kulimba kofooka kwa mtedza.

Ndi mphamvu zingati zomwe zimafunika popangira wrench ya garaja? Muzochitika zapakhomo, ndikwanira kuti wrench yamagetsi ikhale ndi mphamvu pafupifupi 1000 W ndi torque ya 300-400 Nm. Chida choterocho chidzalimbana ndi ntchito iliyonse.