Ndi mitundu yanji yamagetsi otumiza?

Magalimoto ambiri amakhala ndi gearbox, chomwe ndi chipangizo chomwe chimasamutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku injini yagalimoto kupita kumawilo. Nthawi zambiri, pali mitundu iwiri ya kufala - manual ndi automatic. Kutumiza kwapamanja kumakhala kofanana, koma pali mitundu ingapo ya ma transmissions, iliyonse imagwira ntchito mosiyana ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa zake. 

Ngati muli ndi chidwi kapena muli kale ndi galimoto yotumizira anthu, kudziwa momwe imayendera kungakuthandizeni kumvetsa bwino momwe zimakhalira kuyendetsa galimoto, ubwino wake ndi chiyani chomwe sichingakhale chopambana.

Chifukwa chiyani magalimoto amafunikira gearbox?

M'magalimoto ambiri omwe si amagetsi, mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira kuyenda zimaperekedwa ndi petulo kapena injini ya dizilo. Injini imatembenuza crankshaft yolumikizidwa ndi bokosi la gear, lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi mawilo.

Crankshaft palokha sangathe atembenuza ndi osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana liwiro ndi mphamvu kuti bwino kuyendetsa mawilo, kotero gearbox ntchito kusintha mphamvu kuchokera injini - kwenikweni bokosi zitsulo magiya miyeso yosiyanasiyana. Magiya otsika amasamutsa mphamvu zambiri ku magudumu kuti galimotoyo isasunthike, pomwe magiya apamwamba amasamutsa mphamvu zochepa koma kuthamanga kwambiri pamene galimoto ikuyenda mwachangu.

Ma gearbox amadziwikanso kuti ma transmissions chifukwa amasamutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita kumawilo. Kutumiza mwina ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri chifukwa si magiya onse omwe ali ndi magiya, koma ku UK mawu oti "gearbox" ndi mawu odziwika bwino.

Makina kufala selector mu BMW 5 Series

Kodi kutumiza kwamanja kumasiyana bwanji ndi makina odziwikiratu?

Mwachidule, poyendetsa galimoto ndi kufala kwamanja, muyenera kusintha magiya pamanja, ndi zodziwikiratu kufala zosintha magiya, chabwino, basi monga pakufunika.

Pagalimoto yokhala ndi cholembera chamanja, chopondapo cha clutch kumanzere, chomwe chimayenera kukhumudwa, chimasokoneza injini ndikutumiza kuti mutha kusuntha chowongolera ndikusankha zida zina. Galimoto yodziyimira yokha ilibe chopondapo, cholumikizira chokha chomwe mumayika mu Drive kapena Reverse ngati pakufunika, kapena kulowa Park mukafuna kuyimitsa, kapena kulowa Neutral mukapanda kusankha magiya ( ngati mwachitsanzo, galimoto iyenera kukokedwa).

Ngati laisensi yanu yoyendetsa ndi yovomerezeka pagalimoto yokhayokha, simuloledwa kuyendetsa ndi clutch pedal. Ngati muli ndi chilolezo choyendetsera galimoto, mutha kuyendetsa galimoto yokhala ndi ma transmissions amanja komanso odziwikiratu.

Tsopano popeza tafotokoza kuti zodziwikiratu ndi chiyani komanso zomwe zimagwirira ntchito, tiyeni tiwone mitundu yayikulu.

Ma lever otumiza pamanja mu Ford Fiesta

Magalimoto abwino kwambiri okhala ndi automatic transmission

Magalimoto ang'onoang'ono ogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwambiri okhala ndi zodziwikiratu

Magalimoto okhala ndi zimango ndi zodziwikiratu: kugula chiyani?

Kutumiza kwachangu ndi torque converter

Ma torque converters ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino yotumizira ma torque. Amagwiritsa ntchito ma hydraulics kusuntha magiya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azisuntha bwino. Siwotsika mtengo kwambiri pamakina odziyimira pawokha, ngakhale ndiabwinoko kuposa momwe amakhalira kale, mwa zina chifukwa opanga magalimoto awonjezera zida zowonjezera kuti zitheke.

Ma transmissions a torque amakhala ndi magiya asanu ndi limodzi mpaka khumi, kutengera galimoto. Amakonda kuyikidwa pamagalimoto apamwamba kwambiri komanso amphamvu chifukwa choyenda bwino komanso mphamvu zathupi. Opanga magalimoto ambiri amapereka zizindikiro zawo - Audi imayitcha Tiptronic, BMW imagwiritsa ntchito Steptronic, ndipo Mercedes-Benz imagwiritsa ntchito G-Tronic.

Mwa njira, torque ndi mphamvu yozungulira, ndipo ndi yosiyana ndi mphamvu, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa mphamvu ya akavalo mu dziko la magalimoto. Kuti mupereke fanizo losavuta la torque motsutsana ndi mphamvu, torque ndi momwe mungayendetse panjinga molimba ndipo mphamvu ndi momwe mungayendetsere mwachangu.

Torque converter automatic transmission selector mu Jaguar XF

zodziwikiratu kufala siyana

CVT imayimira "Continuously Variable Transmission". Mitundu ina yambiri yotumizira imagwiritsa ntchito magiya m'malo mwa magiya, koma ma CVT amakhala ndi malamba ndi ma cones. Malamba amasunthira mmwamba ndi pansi pa ma cones pamene liwiro likuwonjezeka ndi kuchepa, nthawi zonse kupeza zida zogwira mtima kwambiri pazochitika zomwe zaperekedwa. Ma CVT alibe magiya osiyana, ngakhale opanga ma automaker ena apanga makina awo ndi magiya ofananirako kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yachikhalidwe.

Chifukwa chiyani? Eya, magalimoto okhala ndi gearbox ya CVT amatha kumva ngati zachilendo kuyendetsa chifukwa phokoso la injini silimakulirakulira kapena kutsika posuntha magiya. M’malo mwake, phokosolo likupitiriza kukula pamene liŵirolo likuwonjezereka. Koma ma CVT ndi osalala kwambiri ndipo amatha kuchita bwino kwambiri - ma hybrids onse a Toyota ndi Lexus ali nawo. Zizindikiro zotumizira za CVT zikuphatikiza Direct Shift (Toyota), Xtronic (Nissan), ndi Lineartronic (Subaru).

CVT zodziwikiratu kufala selector mu Toyota Prius

Kutumiza kwamanja kwamanja

Mwachimake, ndi ofanana ndi ma transmissions ochiritsira ochiritsira, kupatula kuti ma motors amagetsi amayatsa cholumikizira ndikusintha magiya ngati pakufunika. Palibe clutch pedal pano, ndipo kusankha kwa giya kokha ndi Drive or Reverse.

Kutumiza kwapamanja kumawononga ndalama zochepa poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yamagetsi ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto ang'onoang'ono, otsika mtengo. Amakhalanso osagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri, koma kusuntha kumatha kumva ngati kunjenjemera. Mayina amtundu akuphatikizapo ASG (Mpando), AGS (Suzuki) ndi Dualogic (Fiat).

Makina ojambulira pamanja pa Volkswagen mmwamba!

Wapawiri clutch basi kufala

Monga kufala kwamanja kwapamanja, kufala kwapawiri clutch kwenikweni ndikutumiza kwamanja ndi ma mota amagetsi omwe amasintha magiya kwa inu. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, ili ndi zingwe ziwiri, pomwe buku lodzipangira lili ndi imodzi yokha. 

Ngakhale ma motors amagetsi akugwira ntchito potengera makina opangira makina, kusuntha kumatenga nthawi yayitali, ndikusiya kusiyana kowoneka bwino mu mphamvu ya injini pakuthamanga. Pakutumiza kwapawiri clutch, clutch imodzi imagwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono pomwe inayo ili yokonzeka kulowa ina. Izi zimapangitsa kusintha mwachangu komanso kosavuta, komanso kumapangitsa kuti mafuta azigwira bwino ntchito. Mapulogalamu anzeru amatha kulosera zida zomwe mungasinthe kwambiri ndikuziyika moyenerera.

Zizindikiro zikuphatikiza DSG (Volkswagen), S tronic (Audi) ndi PowerShift (Ford). Nthawi zambiri, amangofupikitsidwa ngati DCT (Dual Clutch Transmission). 

Wapawiri clutch basi kufala selector mu Volkswagen Golf

Kutumiza kwamagetsi kwagalimoto yamagetsi

Mosiyana ndi injini ya petulo kapena dizilo, mphamvu ndi torque ya ma motors amagetsi ndizokhazikika, mosasamala kanthu za liwiro la injini. Ma motors amagetsi ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri kuposa injini ndipo amatha kukwezedwa pafupi ndi mawilo. Choncho magalimoto ambiri amagetsi safuna gearbox (ngakhale kuti magalimoto amphamvu kwambiri amafunikira, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azithamanga kwambiri). Magalimoto amagetsi akadali ndi giya yolowera kutsogolo kapena kubwerera kumbuyo, ndipo alibe chopondapo, choncho amawayika ngati basi. 

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti magalimoto ena amagetsi ali ndi injini yosiyana kuti asinthe, pamene ena amangotembenuza injini yaikulu kumbuyo.

Galimoto yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi mu Volkswagen ID.3

Mudzapeza osiyanasiyana magalimoto okhala ndi automatic transmission akupezeka ku Cazoo. Ingogwiritsani ntchito kusaka kuti mupeze zomwe mumakonda ndikuzigula kwathunthu pa intaneti. Mutha kuyitanitsa zobweretsera pakhomo panu kapena kukatenga chapafupi Cazoo Customer Service Center.

Tikuwonjezera nthawi zonse ndikukulitsa mtundu wathu. Ngati simukupeza yoyenera lero, ndi zophweka khazikitsani zidziwitso zotsatsira kukhala oyamba kudziwa tikakhala ndi magalimoto omwe amagwirizana ndi zosowa zanu.