Kodi zizindikiro za magalimoto a Soviet zinkawoneka bwanji ndipo zikutanthauza chiyani
Zamkatimu
Mu 1976, ku Jelgava, pafupi ndi Riga, anayamba kupanga chithunzithunzi cha Rafik-2203. Okonza Soviet anayesa kupanga zizindikiro zamagalimoto zamakono. Grille ya radiator ya van yopangidwa ndi misa idakongoletsedwa ndi mbale yofiyira yowoneka bwino, pomwe silhouette ya minibus yokhala ndi kumtunda kwachidule cha RAF imawonetsedwa ndi mizere yasiliva.
Zizindikiro za magalimoto Soviet ndi mbali ya mbiri ya USSR. Iwo ali odzazidwa ndi zophiphiritsa zakuya ndipo amaphedwa pamlingo wapamwamba waluso. Nthawi zambiri, anthu okhala m'dzikoli adatenga nawo mbali pazokambirana zazithunzi.
AZLK (Avtozavod yotchedwa Lenin Komsomol)
Malo opangira magalimoto ku Moscow adayamba kugwira ntchito mu 1930. Kuwonjezera pa dzina lake mawu akuti "dzina la Communist Youth International", iye analandira chidule KIM pa chizindikiro pa maziko a wofiira proletarian mbendera, mogwirizana ndi mabaji a USSR magalimoto. Mu 1945 wopambana, kupanga adatchedwanso Moscow Small Car Plant. Kupanga kwa Moskvich kunayambika, pa chizindikiro chomwe Kremlin Tower inawonekera ndipo nyenyezi ya ruby inawala monyadira.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, zinthu zinasintha pang'ono, koma chizindikiro chosonyeza anapitiriza kutchuka makampani Soviet magalimoto padziko lonse. Moskvitch adakopa chidwi cha omvera, akupikisana ndi magalimoto abwino kwambiri akunja pamisonkhano yotchuka yapadziko lonse: London-Sydney, London-Mexico City, Tour of Europe, Golden Sands, Raid Polski. Chifukwa chake, idatumizidwa kumayiko ambiri.
AZLK (Avtozavod yotchedwa Lenin Komsomol)
Kumapeto kwa 80s "Moskvich-2141" anapita kupanga. Pamaziko ake, makina omwe ali ndi mayina achifumu "Ivan Kalita", "Prince Vladimir", "Prince Yuri Dolgoruky" akupangidwa. Pampando wa dzina pamakhala nsonga imodzi yachitsulo yosaoneka bwino ya khoma la Kremlin, lolembedwa ngati chilembo "M". Imathandizidwa ndi siginecha ya AZLK, popeza kuyambira 1968 kampaniyo imatchedwa Lenin Komsomol Automobile Plant.
Mu 2001, imodzi mwazinthu zakale kwambiri zamagalimoto apanyumba sizinapangidwenso, mabaji ake ndi zilembo za mayina zitha kupezeka pazosowa, ambiri omwe amakhala moyo wawo wonse m'magulu achinsinsi kapena malo osungiramo zinthu zakale a polytechnic.
VAZ (Volga Automobile Plant)
Mu 1966, boma la Soviet Union lidachita mgwirizano ndi wopanga magalimoto waku Italy kuti apange bizinesi yozungulira. Zodziwika bwino "ndalama" ("VAZ 2101") ndi galimoto yoyamba yomwe munthu wamba amatha kugula momasuka. Ichi ndi FIAT-124 yosinthidwa pang'ono pazochitika zam'deralo, zomwe mu 1966 zinakhala "Car of the Year" ku Ulaya.
Poyamba, zida zochitira msonkhano popanda baji pamoto wa radiator zidatumizidwa ku USSR kuchokera ku Turin. Okonza apakhomo adasintha chidule cha FIAT ndi "VAZ". Ndi chizindikiro cha makona anayi, Zhiguli woyamba adatuluka pamzere wa msonkhano wa Tolyatti mu 1970. M'chaka chomwecho, magalimoto anayamba kukhala ndi zilembo zoperekedwa kuchokera ku Italy, zomwe zinapangidwa pamaziko a chithunzi chojambula ndi A. Dekalenkov. Pamtunda wofiirira wokhala ndi mafunde osawoneka bwino, bwato lakale la ku Russia loyalidwa ndi chrome linayandama. Mawu ake anali ndi chilembo "B", mwina - kuchokera ku dzina la Volga River kapena VAZ. Pansi pake, siginecha "Tolyatti" idawonjezeredwa, yomwe pambuyo pake idasowa, popeza kupezeka kwake kumatsutsana ndi zofunikira za chizindikiro.
VAZ (Volga Automobile Plant)
M'tsogolomu, chizindikiro cha mtunduwu sichinasinthe kwambiri. Mogwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitika pamakampani opanga magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi, kusinthika kwa boti, maziko omwe ali, ndi chimango zidachitika. Pa "zisanu ndi chimodzi" munda unasanduka wakuda. Kenako chithunzicho chinakhala pulasitiki, mafunde adatha. M'zaka za m'ma 90, silhouette inalembedwa mu oval. Pali mtundu wamtundu wabuluu.
GAZ (Gorky Automobile Plant)
"Volgari" analenga, mwina, zizindikiro kwambiri zochititsa chidwi magalimoto mu USSR. Magalimoto osiyanasiyana a kampani ya Gorky ananyamula zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana pa hood. Zopangidwa kuyambira 1932, magalimoto a Model A ndi magalimoto a AA, omwe adatengera zinthu za Ford, adatengera kapangidwe kake konyozeka kuchokera kwa makolo awo. Pa mbale yowulungika panali mawu akusesa "GAZ iwo. Molotov”, atazunguliridwa mbali zonse ziwiri ndi zithunzi za nyundo ndi chikwakwa. Zinali zakuda kwathunthu, kapena zokhala ndi utoto wotuwa wosiyana.
"Emka" ("M 1936") wotchuka ("M 1"), lofalitsidwa mu 1, analandira chizindikiro chowonjezera: chilembo "M" (Molotovets) ndi nambala "XNUMX" anaphatikizana movutikira, mawu ofiira pa zoyera kapena siliva. pa chofiira.
GAZ (Gorky Automobile Plant)
Mu 1946, chitsanzo chotsatira chinatuluka, ndi chiwerengero cha "M 20". Pokumbukira kugonjetsedwa kwa chipani cha Nazi mu Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lapansi, idatchedwa "Victory". Chojambula "M" chinkawoneka ngati chofotokozera za khoma la Kremlin; mu seagull akuyendayenda pamwamba pa madzi - Volga Mtsinje. Kalatayo imapangidwa mumtundu wofiira ndi siliva edging, yomwe mophiphiritsira imatanthawuza mbendera yofiira. Mosiyana ndi nameplate ndi mbale yokhala ndi mawu akuti "GAS", ophatikizidwa mu chogwirira kuti akweze hood.
Mu 1949, chizindikiro chachikulu chinapangidwa kwa mkulu "M 12". Kumbuyo kwa nsanja ya Kremlin yokhala ndi ruby star ndi chishango chofiira. Mbalame yothamanga idawuma pamenepo, yomwe yakhala chizindikiro chodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi cha zinthu zamakampani agalimoto a Gorky. Chithunzicho chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chasiliva. Nyama yolemekezeka idawonekera pa beji osati mwangozi - idabwereka ku malaya achigawo cha Nizhny Novgorod cha Ufumu wa Russia. Mu 1956 pa nyumba ya GAZ-21 (Volga) chifaniziro atatudimensional cha nswala anakhazikika pa nyumba ndipo anakhala chinthu chokhumba kwa mibadwo yambiri ya oyendetsa.
Mu 1959, zishango zofiira zokhala ndi mipanda yachitetezo zinawonekera pa chizindikiro cha boma Chaika. Mbawala yothamanga ili pa grille ndi pa chivindikiro cha thunthu. Mu 1997 maziko amasanduka buluu, mu 2015 amasanduka wakuda. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mipanda linga ndi chidule kutha. Chizindikirocho chimavomerezedwa ngati logo yovomerezeka yamitundu yonse yatsopano ya gulu la GAZ, lomwe limaphatikizapo Pavlovsky, Likinsky ndi opanga mabasi a Kurgan.
ErAZ (Yerevan Automobile Plant)
Ku Armenia, kampaniyo imapangidwa ndi zida zonyamula katundu ndi magalimoto onyamula mpaka tani pa GAZ-21 Volga chassis. Mitundu yoyamba idasonkhanitsidwa mu 1966 malinga ndi zolemba zomwe zidapangidwa ku Riga Bus Factory (RAF). Kenako, "ErAZ-762 (RAF-977K)" anapangidwa mu zosintha zosiyanasiyana.
Zatsopano zofunika chitsanzo "ErAZ-3730" ndi mitundu anaikidwa kupanga mu 1995. Kutulutsa kwakukulu kunalephera.
ErAZ (Yerevan Automobile Plant)
The chizindikiro pa magalimoto anali mawu akuti "ErAZ". Chilembo "r" pa mbale yamdima yamakona anayi chinali chovuta kusiyanitsa. Nthaŵi zina zolembedwazo zinkapangidwa m’njira ya oblique popanda maziko. Pambuyo pake ma vani anali ndi chikwangwani chozungulira cha chrome chokhala ndi chithunzi chosonyeza phiri la Ararati ndi Nyanja ya Sevan, zomwe ziri zophiphiritsa kwa anthu a ku Armenia. Nthawi zambiri, magalimoto "Yerevan" ankagulitsidwa popanda mabaji, mosiyana ndi tatchulawa magalimoto Soviet.
KAvZ (Kurgan Bus Plant)
Mu 1958, woyamba kubadwa, opangidwa ndi okonza ku Pavlovsk, anasiya msonkhano - "KAvZ-651 (PAZ-651A)" pa aggregate m'munsi mwa galimoto GAZ-51. Kuyambira 1971, kupanga kwa chitsanzo cha 685 kwayamba. Mu 1992, kupanga mabasi awo kunayamba molingana ndi dongosolo lamagalimoto, otetezeka komanso omasuka. Mu 2001, tinapanga zoyendera zapasukulu zoyambirira zomwe zimagwirizana ndi GOST zonyamula ana. Makina oterowo adaperekedwa osati ku Russia kokha, komanso ku Belarus, Kazakhstan ndi Ukraine.
KAvZ (Kurgan Bus Plant)
Mambale otuwa otuwa adamangirizidwa ku zida zakale za Ural. Pakatikati, mipiringidzo yomwe imawonetsedwa ndi mtsinje pamapazi ndi mtambo pamwamba pa nsongazo zimatengedwa mozungulira ndi mawu akuti "Kurgan". Kumapiko akumanzere kwa chizindikirocho kunalembedwa "KavZ", kumanja - chiwerengero cha chiwerengero cha chitsanzo.
Zitsanzo zomwe zinapangidwa pambuyo pa kulowa kwa Kurgan automaker mu gulu la GAZ zimanyamula chizindikiro chamakampani mu mawonekedwe a chishango chakuda ndi nswala yasiliva pamoto wa radiator.
RAF (Riga Bus Factory)
Mu 1953, mabonati oyamba amtundu wa RAF-651, makope a Gorky's GZA-651, adapangidwa. Mu 1955, basi ya RAF-251 idakhazikitsidwa. Zogulitsazi zinalibe chizindikiro chawochawo.
Mu 1957, mbiri ya mabasi otchuka inayamba, chitsanzo chimene chinali chodziwika bwino galimoto "Volkswagen". Kale mu 1958, kutulutsidwa kwa "RAF-977" akuyamba. Pakhoma lakutsogolo la chikopa chake, cholembedwa cha diagonal RAF chinayikidwa pa chishango chofiira.
RAF (Riga Bus Factory)
Mu 1976, ku Jelgava, pafupi ndi Riga, anayamba kupanga chithunzithunzi cha Rafik-2203. Okonza Soviet anayesa kupanga zizindikiro zamagalimoto zamakono. Grille ya radiator ya van yopangidwa ndi misa idakongoletsedwa ndi mbale yofiyira yowoneka bwino, pomwe silhouette ya minibus yokhala ndi kumtunda kwachidule cha RAF imawonetsedwa ndi mizere yasiliva.
ZAZ (Zaporozhye Automobile Plant)
Galimoto zochokera FIAT-600 latsopano pansi pa dzina "Moskvich-560" anasamutsidwa kwa chitukuko mu Zaporozhye. Mu 1960, magalimoto oyambirira ang'onoang'ono a ZAZ-965 adapangidwa, otchedwa "humped" kwa mawonekedwe oyambirira a thupi. Malo a mabaji awo amagalimoto anali achilendo kwa magalimoto ochokera ku USSR. Chophimbacho chinatsika kuchokera ku galasi lakutsogolo pakatikati pa chivindikiro cha thunthu. Inatha ndi nyenyezi yofiira yofiira, yomwe chidule cha "ZAZ" chinalembedwa mwaluso.
Zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi pambuyo pake, Zaporozhets-966 anaona kuwala kwa tsiku, kuwoneka ngati West Germany NSU Prinz 4. Chifukwa cha mpweya waukulu womwe unali m'mbali mwa chipinda cha injini, anthu adatcha galimotoyo "makutu". Pachivundikiro cha thunthu, chizindikiro cha makona anayi chokhala ndi mkombero wa chrome chimayikidwa. Pamalo ofiira, chikhalidwe cha mabaji a magalimoto a USSR chinawonetsedwa chizindikiro cha Zaporozhye - damu la DneproGES lotchedwa V. I. Lenin, pamwamba pake - "ZAZ". Nthawi zina magalimoto amamalizidwa ndi dzina lofiira la katatu kapena loyera lokhala ndi dzina la chomera pansi.
ZAZ (Zaporozhye Automobile Plant)
Kuyambira 1980, kampaniyo inayamba kupanga "Zaporozhets-968M", yotchedwa "bokosi la sopo" chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake akale. 968 inamalizidwa ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi zomwe zinayambitsa.
Mu 1988, kupanga misa Tavria anayamba ndi tingachipeze powerenga injini kutsogolo. Pambuyo pake, pamaziko ake, hatchback ya zitseko zisanu "Dana" ndi sedan "Slavuta" inakhazikitsidwa. Magalimoto awa anali ndi mabaji apulasitiki ngati chilembo cha imvi "Z" pamtundu wakuda.
Mu 2017, kupanga magalimoto ku ZAZ kunatha.
