Kodi makina oyendetsa galimoto amagwira ntchito bwanji, mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito ndi yotani

The muffler galimoto lakonzedwa kuchepetsa utsi phokoso dongosolo utsi malinga ndi mfundo za mayiko. Ichi ndi chitsulo chachitsulo, chomwe mkati mwake magawo ndi zipinda zimapangidwira, kupanga njira zokhala ndi njira zovuta. Mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ukadutsa pa chipangizochi, kugwedezeka kwa mawu kosiyanasiyana kumatengedwa ndikusintha kukhala mphamvu ya kutentha.

Cholinga chachikulu cha muffler mu dongosolo utsi

M'makina otulutsa injini, chopondera chimayikidwa pambuyo pa chosinthira chothandizira (magalimoto amafuta) kapena fyuluta yachinthu (cha injini za dizilo). Nthawi zambiri pali awiri:

• Choyambirira (muffler-resonator) - yopangidwira kupondereza kwambiri phokoso ndikukhazikika kusinthasintha kwakuyenda kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya pamalo opangira injini. Imayikidwa poyamba, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "kutsogolo". Imodzi mwa ntchito zake zazikulu ndikugawa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya mu dongosolo.
• Main Silencer - Yapangidwira kuti ichepetse phokoso kwambiri.

M'zochita, chipangizo chamagetsi chagalimoto chimapereka zosinthika zotsatirazi kuti muchepetse phokoso lotulutsa:

• Kusintha gawo la mtanda la kutuluka kwa mpweya. Zimachitika chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa mapangidwe a zipinda za zigawo zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakulolani kuti mutenge phokoso lapamwamba kwambiri. Mfundo ya teknoloji ndi yophweka: choyamba, kutuluka kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kumachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lopanda phokoso, kenako limakula kwambiri, chifukwa chake mafunde amawu amabalalika.
• Kuwongolera kwina. Imayendetsedwa ndi magawo ndi kusamuka kwa olamulira a machubu. Pozungulira mpweya wotulutsa mpweya pamtunda wa madigiri 90 kapena kuposerapo, phokoso lapamwamba kwambiri limachepetsedwa.
• Kusintha kwa ma oscillation a gasi (kusokoneza mafunde a phokoso). Izi zimatheka ndi kukhalapo kwa perforations mu mapaipi omwe mpweya umadutsa. Tekinoloje iyi imakulolani kuti muchotse phokoso la ma frequency osiyanasiyana.
• "Autoabsorption" ya mafunde a phokoso mu resonator ya Helmholtz.
• Kuyamwa kwa mafunde a phokoso. Kuphatikiza pa zipinda ndi zobowola, thupi la muffler limakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimamva phokoso kuti zilekanitse phokoso.

Mitundu ya mufflers ndi mapangidwe awo

Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma mufflers omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto amakono: resonant ndi molunjika. Zonsezi zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pamodzi ndi resonator (pre-muffler). Nthawi zina, mapangidwe owongoka amatha kulowa m'malo opangira kutsogolo.

Kupanga kwa resonator

Mwadongosolo, chowotchera muffler, chomwe chimatchedwanso chozimitsa moto, ndi chubu chopindika chomwe chili m'nyumba yotsekedwa, yogawidwa m'zipinda zingapo. Zili ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• thupi la cylindrical;
• matenthedwe kutchinjiriza wosanjikiza;
• kugawa kwakhungu;
• chitoliro cha perforated;
• kupuma.

Resonant silencer chipangizo

Mosiyana ndi choyambirira, chowombera chachikulu cha resonant ndizovuta kwambiri. Amakhala ndi mapaipi angapo a perforated omwe amaikidwa mu thupi wamba, olekanitsidwa ndi magawo ndipo amakhala pa nkhwangwa zosiyanasiyana:

• chubu chakutsogolo cha perforated;
• perforated kumbuyo chubu;
• chitoliro cholowera;
• kutsogolo kutsogolo;
• kugawa kwapakati;
• kusokonezeka kwa msana;
• kutopa chitoliro;
• thupi lozungulira.

Chifukwa chake, mitundu yonse ya masinthidwe a mafunde amawu a ma frequency osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu silencer ya resonant.

Makhalidwe a muffler owongoka

Choyipa chachikulu cha chotchingira chowulirapo ndi kupsinjika kwam'mbuyo komwe kumachitika chifukwa chowongoleranso mpweya wotulutsa mpweya (pogundana ndi ma baffles). Pachifukwa ichi, oyendetsa galimoto ambiri amachita ikukonzekera dongosolo utsi ndi khazikitsa muffler mwachindunji.

Mwamapangidwe, chowongoka chowongoka chimakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• nyumba zosindikizidwa;
• utsi ndi chitoliro cholowetsa;
• lipenga loboola;
• zotchingira mawu - magalasi a fiberglass omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri amalimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso amakhala ndi mphamvu zokomera mawu.

Pochita, silencer yothamanga mwachindunji imagwira ntchito motsatira mfundo iyi: chitoliro chokhala ndi perforated chimadutsa m'zipinda zonse. Choncho, palibe kupondereza phokoso mwa kusintha njira ndi gawo la mtanda wa gasi, ndipo kuponderezana kwa phokoso kumatheka chifukwa cha kusokoneza ndi kuyamwa.

Chifukwa cha kutuluka kwaufulu kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kudzera mumsewu wopita kutsogolo, zotsatira zake zimakhala zochepa kwambiri. Komabe, pochita, izi sizimalola kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mphamvu (3% - 7%). Komano, phokoso la galimoto limakhala khalidwe la masewera galimoto, popeza umisiri soundproofing amapereka kokha kupondereza mkulu.

Chitonthozo cha dalaivala, okwera ndi oyenda pansi zimadalira ntchito ya muffler. Choncho, pakugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, kuwonjezeka kwa phokoso kungayambitse vuto lalikulu. Mpaka pano, kukhazikitsidwa kwa chiwombankhanga chachindunji pamapangidwe a galimoto yoyenda m'tawuni ndi mlandu wolamulira womwe umawopseza ndi chindapusa komanso kulamula kuti athetse chipangizocho. Izi ndichifukwa chakuchulukira kwa milingo yaphokoso yokhazikitsidwa ndi miyezo.