Kodi magalimoto amakono amayendetsedwa bwanji?
Anthu ambiri amene akhala m’galimoto amadziŵa bwino chiwongolero chake ndi ntchito yake. Anthu ambiri omwe adatuluka m'galimoto amadziwa mawilo akutsogolo komanso kuti amatha kutembenukira kumanzere kapena kumanja. Ndi anthu ochepa okha amene amadziwa momwe chiwongolero ndi mawilo akutsogolo amalumikizidwira, ndipo ngakhale anthu ochepa amadziwa za umisiri wolondola womwe umafunika kuti chogwirira chamakono chagalimoto chikhale chodziwikiratu komanso mosasintha. Ndiye chimapangitsa kuti zonsezi zitheke?
Kuyambira pamwamba kutsika
Magalimoto amakono amagwiritsa ntchito chiwongolero chotchedwa rack and pinion steering.
Chiwongolero chili kutsogolo kwa mpando wa dalaivala ndipo ndi amene ali ndi udindo wopereka ndemanga kwa dalaivala pa zomwe mawilowo akuchita, komanso amalola dalaivala kuwongolera mbali yomwe mawilo akuloza potembenuza gudumu. Amabwera m'mawonekedwe ndi makulidwe ambiri, ndipo ena amaphatikiza ma airbags ndi zowongolera zamagalimoto ena.
Shaft, yomwe imatchedwa bwino kuti chiwongolero, imayenda kuchokera pachiwongolero ndikudutsa pakhoma lamoto. Magalimoto ambiri atsopano amakhala ndi ma shafts omwe amathyoka pakachitika ngozi, zomwe zimalepheretsa dalaivala kuvulala kwambiri.
Panthawiyi, m'galimoto yokhala ndi hydraulic power steering, shaft chiwongolero chimalowa mwachindunji mu valve yozungulira. Valavu yozungulira imatsegula ndikutseka pamene ikuzungulira kuti ilole kupanikizika kwa hydraulic fluid kuthandizira shaft yowongolera kutembenuza zida za pinion. Izi zimathandizira kwambiri kusamalira, makamaka pa liwiro lotsika komanso mukayimitsa.
- Chiwongolero champhamvu cha hydraulic chimagwiritsa ntchito pampu ya hydraulic yoyendetsedwa ndi lamba wolumikizidwa ndi injini yagalimoto. Pampuyo imakakamiza madzi amadzimadzi ndipo mizere ya hydraulic imayenda kuchokera pa mpope kupita ku valavu yozungulira pamunsi pa shaft yowongolera. Madalaivala ambiri amakonda mtundu uwu wa chiwongolero chamagetsi, chifukwa chakuchita kwake komanso mayankho omwe amapatsa dalaivala. Pachifukwa ichi, magalimoto ambiri amasewera akhala akugwiritsa ntchito chiwongolero champhamvu cha hydraulic kapena ayi kwazaka zambiri. Komabe, kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa kwa chiwongolero champhamvu chamagetsi kwabweretsa nyengo yatsopano ya magalimoto owongolera mphamvu zamagetsi.
Ngati galimotoyo ili ndi galimoto yamagetsi yomwe imayikidwa pambali pa chiwongolero m'malo mwake, galimotoyo imakhala ndi chiwongolero chamagetsi. Dongosololi limapereka kusinthasintha kwakukulu pakusankha komwe mungayikire galimoto yamagetsi, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kukonzanso magalimoto akale. Dongosololi silifunanso pampu ya hydraulic.
- Chiwongolero chamagetsi chimagwiritsa ntchito mota yamagetsi kuthandiza kutembenuza chiwongolero kapena giya la pinion molunjika. Sensa yomwe ili pamzere wowongolera imatsimikizira kuti dalaivala akuwongolera molimba bwanji chiwongolero chake ndipo nthawi zina amazindikiranso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti atembenuze chiwongolero (chomwe chimadziwika kuti kuthamanga kwachangu). Kenako kompyuta ya m’galimotoyo imakonza deta imeneyi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yoyenera pa injini yamagetsi kuti ithandize dalaivala kuyendetsa galimotoyo m’kuphethira kwa diso. Ngakhale kuti dongosololi ndi loyera ndipo limafuna kusamalidwa pang'ono kusiyana ndi makina a hydraulic, madalaivala ambiri amanena kuti chiwongolero cha mphamvu yamagetsi chimamva bwino kwambiri ndipo chingathandize kwambiri nthawi zambiri. Komabe, machitidwe owongolera mphamvu zamagetsi amayenda bwino chaka chilichonse chachitsanzo, kotero mbiriyi ikusintha.
Ngati palibe chilichonse kumapeto kwa chiwongolero china kupatulapo galimoto, ndiye kuti galimotoyo ilibe chiwongolero champhamvu. Zidazo zili pamwamba pa chiwongolero.
- Chiwongolero ndi chitsulo chachitali chomwe chimayendera limodzi ndi ekseli yakutsogolo. Mano, okonzedwa molunjika pamwamba pa choyikapo, agwirizane bwino ndi mano oyendetsa galimoto. Giyayo imazungulira ndikusuntha chowongolera mopingasa kumanzere ndi kumanja pakati pa mawilo akutsogolo. Msonkhanowu uli ndi udindo wotembenuza mphamvu yozungulira ya chiwongolero kukhala kayendedwe ka kumanzere ndi kumanja, kothandiza kusuntha mawilo awiri mofanana. Kukula kwa zida za pinion pokhudzana ndi chiwongolero kumatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa chiwongolero chomwe chimatengera kutembenuza galimotoyo kuchuluka kwake. Magiya ang'onoang'ono amatanthauza kupindika kwa gudumu, koma ma revs ambiri kuti mawilo atembenuke njira yonse.
Ndodo zomangira zimakhala mbali zonse ziwiri za chiwongolero
- Zomangira ndi zazitali, zowonda zolumikizira zomwe zimangofunika kukhala zamphamvu kwambiri zikakanikizidwa kapena kukoka. Mphamvu yolowera mbali ina inkapinda mosavuta ndodoyo.
Ndodo zomangira zimalumikizana ndi chowongolerera mbali zonse ziwiri, ndipo zowongolera zimawongolera mawilo kuti atembenukire kumanzere ndi kumanja molumikizana.
Chinthu choyenera kukumbukira ponena za chiwongolero ndi chakuti si dongosolo lokhalo m'galimoto lomwe liyenera kuyendetsedwa ndendende pa liwiro. Dongosolo loyimitsidwa limapangitsanso kuyenda kochuluka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti galimoto yokhotakhota yodutsa pamtunda imakhala yabwino kuti ikhale yokhoza kusuntha mawilo akutsogolo mbali ndi mmwamba ndi pansi nthawi yomweyo. Apa ndipamene zolumikizira mpira zimalowa. Cholumikizira ichi chimawoneka ngati cholumikizira cha mpira pamafupa amunthu. Chigawochi chimapereka kuyenda kwaufulu, kulola machitidwe owongolera kwambiri ndi kuyimitsidwa kuti azigwira ntchito limodzi.
Kusamalira ndi nkhawa zina
Ndi mayendedwe ochuluka kuti azilamulira mokakamiza kwambiri, chiwongolerocho chingathe kugunda. Zigawozo zapangidwa kuti zithandizire kulemera kwa galimoto yomwe ikutembenuka kwambiri pa liwiro lapamwamba. Chinthu chikalephera ndipo sichikuyenda bwino, nthawi zambiri chimakhala chifukwa cha kutha kwa nthawi yayitali. Kukhudzidwa kwamphamvu kapena kugundana kungathenso kuswa zigawo mowonekera kwambiri. Ndodo yothyoka imatha kupangitsa kuti gudumu litembenuke ndipo linalo kukhala lolunjika, zomwe ndizochitika zoyipa kwambiri. Chiwongolero chowongoka chimatha kunjenjemera ndikupangitsa chiwongolerocho kukhala chododometsa pang'ono. Nthawi zonse pakagwa vuto, onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana nthawi yomweyo kuti muwonetsetse kuti galimoto ili yotetezeka komanso yoyendetsa bwino.
