Momwe mungayang'anire sensor ya ABS nokha
Zamkatimu
The dzuwa la dongosolo braking a galimoto makamaka zimadalira luso dalaivala, pa luso lake akatswiri. Koma, mu nkhaniyi, machitidwe osiyanasiyana othandizira ndi zigawo zomwe zimakulolani kuti mupange zofunikira zonse zoyendetsa bwino zimagwiranso ntchito ngati chithandizo chachikulu.
Ntchito yapadera pankhaniyi imasewera ndi makina apakompyuta omwe amalepheretsa mawilo kutseka - anti-lock braking system. M'malo mwake, machitidwe osiyanasiyana a dongosolo loperekedwa amapitilirabe cholinga chake chachindunji, chomwe chikuwonekera bwino pakuwongolera kwagalimoto munjira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pamtunduwu ndi sensor ya ABS. Kuchita bwino kwa njira yonse ya braking kumadalira ntchito yake yoyenera. Tiyeni timudziwe bwino.
Mfundo ya ntchito ya ABS sensa
Njira iliyonse yodziwira matenda siyingakhale yothandiza ngati dalaivala alibe chidziwitso chokhudza mfundo zoyendetsera gawo kapena gawo la dongosolo lomwe akuphunzira. Choncho, pamaso pa siteji, yomwe imaphatikizapo kulowererapo opaleshoni pa ntchito ya chipangizo ichi, choyamba, m'pofunika kuphunzira mfundo ya ntchito yake.
Kodi sensor ya ABS ndi chiyani?
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mfundo yakuti chipangizo chophwekachi chikhoza kupezeka pamtundu uliwonse wa 4 wa galimoto. Solenoid ili m'bokosi lake lapulasitiki losindikizidwa.
Chinthu china chofunikira cha sensa ndi chotchedwa impulse ring. Mbali yamkati ya mpheteyo imapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a ulusi wa mano. Imayikidwa kumbuyo kwa brake disc ndipo imazungulira ndi gudumu lagalimoto. Pamapeto pa solenoid pachimake ndi sensa.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za ntchito ya dongosololi zimachokera pa kuwerenga chizindikiro chamagetsi chochokera ku throttle mwachindunji kwa owerenga unit control unit. Choncho, pamene torque inayake imatumizidwa ku gudumu, mphamvu ya maginito imayamba kuonekera mkati mwa electromagnet, yomwe mtengo wake umawonjezeka molingana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa liwiro la kuzungulira kwa mphete yokakamiza.
Kuzungulira kwa gudumu kukangofika pakusintha kochepa, chizindikiro cha pulse kuchokera ku sensa yomwe ikuwonetsedwa imayamba kulowa mu chipangizo cha purosesa. Chikhalidwe cha chikoka cha chizindikirocho ndi chifukwa cha mphete ya ring impulse ring.
Ntchito yotsatira ya ABS hydraulic unit imadalira kuchuluka kwa siginecha yolembedwa mu chipangizo cholandirira. Zomwe zimayendetsa ma hydraulic brake force distributor ndi solenoids, pampu ya hydraulic ndi makina a valve.
Kutengera kukula kwa chizindikiro cholowa m'thupi la valavu, njira zama valve zoyendetsedwa ndi solenoids ziyamba kugwira ntchito. Kukachitika kuti gudumu lotsekera likuchitika, hydraulic unit, poganizira chizindikiro chofananira, imachepetsa kupanikizika mu dera la brake.
Pakadali pano, pampu ya hydraulic iyamba kugwira ntchito, yomwe imapopera madzimadzi a brake kubwerera munkhokwe ya GTZ kudzera pa valavu yotseguka yodutsa. Dalaivala akangochepetsa khama pa pedal, valavu yodutsa imatseka, ndipo pampuyo imasiya kugwira ntchito.
Panthawiyi, valavu yaikulu imatsegulidwa ndipo kupanikizika mu dera la brake uku kumabwerera mwakale.
Kusinthidwa koperekedwa kwa zinthu zotumphukira za ABS ndizofala kwambiri ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto ambiri apanyumba ndi akunja.
Chifukwa cha kuphweka kwapangidwe kumeneku, zinthu za dongosololi zimagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi kuvala kwa makina ndipo zimakhala ndi ntchito zabwino.
Ngati gawolo likulephera, ndiye kuti sizimawononga ndalama zambiri kuti muchite zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa. Ndikosavuta kugula ndikusintha sensa ndi yatsopano.
Zizindikiro za kulephera kwa chipangizocho
Ngakhale kuti chipangizo choperekedwa, monga lamulo, chimapangidwira kuti chisasokonezedwe panthawi ya ntchito yayitali, zolephera zosiyanasiyana ndi zolephera zimatha kuchitika panthawi ya ntchito yawo.
Kuti muwone momwe dongosololi likugwirira ntchito, nyali yadzidzidzi pagawo la zida zagalimoto imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi iye amene poyamba amalozera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuphwanya dongosolo chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo.
Chifukwa chodetsa nkhawa pankhaniyi chikhoza kukhala kuti nyali yoyang'anira siyizimitsa kwa nthawi yayitali chifungulocho chikatembenuzidwira kumalo ozungulira, kapena palibe chidziwitso pakuyendetsa.
Mavuto omwe adayambitsa khalidwe ili la sensa angakhale osiyana kwambiri.
Ganizirani zizindikiro zingapo zomwe zingathandize kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa kulephera kwa node inayake ya dongosolo:
- kuwala kwa ABS pa chida chachitsulo kumayaka kwa nthawi yayitali kapena sikumatuluka konse;
- mphamvu mopitirira muyeso pamene kukanikiza ananyema pedal;
- chopondaponda chimasiya kuyankha pakukanikizidwa kwake;
- kutseka kwa magudumu pamene chopondapo cha brake chikanikizidwa mwamphamvu.
Machitidwe a ABS amitundu yoyambirira, monga lamulo, analibe zida zowonetsera kachitidwe kachitidwe. Pankhaniyi, udindo wake unachitika ndi cheke injini cheke nyali.
Momwe mungadziwire dongosolo la ABS
Njira zowunikira zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuyang'ana dongosolo la ABS nthawi zambiri zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi chotchedwa diagnostic adaputala. Kuti agwirizanitse, wopanga amapereka cholumikizira chapadera chodziwira matenda.
Kuyesa kwadongosolo kumayambira pomwe kuyatsa kwayatsidwa. Chofunikira cha cheke chotere ndichoti mothandizidwa ndi adaputala ndizotheka kuzindikira kukhalapo kwa cholakwika cha dongosolo linalake. Cholakwika chilichonse chimapatsidwa code yeniyeni yomwe imakulolani kuti muweruze kusagwira ntchito kwa node kapena chinthu cha dongosolo.
Komabe, ndiyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi zambiri, ma adapter a diagnostic a gawo la bajeti samasanthula dongosolo lonse, koma injini yokha. Chifukwa chake, timalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito scanner yokhala ndi diagnostics mwatsatanetsatane.
Mwachitsanzo, tingaphatikizepo chitsanzo chopangidwa ndi Korea Jambulani Chida Pro Black Edition. Ndi 32-bit Chip pa bolodi, sikani ichi amatha kuzindikira osati injini, komanso zigawo zina galimoto (gearbox, kufala, kachitidwe ABS wothandiza, etc.) ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo mtengo mwachilungamo angakwanitse.
Chojambulira chamitundu yambirichi chimagwirizana ndi magalimoto ambiri kuyambira 1993, chikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito a masensa onse omwe amapezeka munthawi yeniyeni, nambala ya VIN yagalimoto, mtunda wake, mtundu wa ECU, ndi zina zambiri.
Chipangizocho chimatha kuyeza magwiridwe antchito amitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti chikhale chokhazikika pakanthawi kochepa ndikusunga zomwe mwapeza pazida zilizonse zochokera pa iOS, Android kapena Windows.
Diagnostics ndi njira zodzitetezera kuti athe kuweruza ntchito zinthu dongosolo ikuchitika mu malo apadera utumiki. Komabe, ntchitoyi imatha kugwiridwa m'malo a garaja.
Choncho, zonse zofunika kuti azindikire ABS sensa ndi osachepera ya zida, zomwe zikuphatikizapo: chitsulo soldering, multimeter, kutentha kuchepetsa ndi zolumikizira kukonza.
Algorithm yotsimikizira imakhala ndi izi:
- gudumu jakisoni;
- kusokoneza unit control ndi zotuluka zowongolera;
- kugwirizana kwa zolumikizira kukonza kwa masensa;
- kuyeza kukana ndi multimeter
Ngati sensa sinalephereke, ohmmeter idzawonetsa kukana pafupifupi 1 kOhm. Mtengo uwu umagwirizana ndi magwiridwe antchito a sensa popuma. Pamene gudumu likuzungulira, zowerengera ziyenera kusintha. Izi ziwonetsa kulondola kwake. Ngati palibe kusintha pakuwerengera, sensor ili kunja kwa dongosolo.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chifukwa cha kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa masensa, magawo awo ogwiritsira ntchito amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, musanatsutse sensoryo, choyamba muyenera kudzidziwa bwino ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito, ndiyeno pokhapokha mutha kudziwa momwe imagwirira ntchito.
Komanso, pakakhala malfunctions a ABS, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti palibe kuwononga mawaya m'madzi. Ngati kupuma kwapezeka, mawaya ayenera "kugulitsidwa".
Musaiwale komanso kuti zikhomo zokonzera ziyenera kulumikizidwa molingana ndi polarity. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri chitetezo chimayambitsidwa ngati kugwirizana kuli kolakwika, simuyenera kuchita izi. Kuti muwongolere ntchitoyi, ndi bwino kulemberatu mawaya ofanana ndi chikhomo kapena tepi yamagetsi.
Kuyang'ana ndi tester (multimeter)
Kuchita kwa sensa kumatha kupezekanso pogwiritsa ntchito voltmeter. Mayendedwe onse amakopera algorithm yomwe ili pamwambapa, ndikusiyana kumodzi. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zomwe mukufuna, ndikofunikira kupanga zinthu zomwe gudumu lidzasinthira ma frequency ofanana ndi 1 rpm.
Pazotulutsa za sensa yogwira ntchito, kusiyana komwe kungakhalepo kudzakhala pafupifupi 0,3 - 1,2 V. Pamene liwiro la gudumu likuwonjezeka, magetsi ayenera kuwonjezeka. Izi ndizomwe zikuwonetsa momwe sensor ya ABS imagwirira ntchito.
Kuyang'ana kugwira ntchito kwa sensor ya ABS sikungokhala pa izi. Pali zidule zingapo zothandiza zomwe zingathandize kuthetsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana za dongosolo la ABS.
Oscilloscope
Mwa zina, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito oscilloscope kuti mupeze zosokoneza pakugwira ntchito kwa sensor ya ABS. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo choperekedwa kumafuna luso linalake. Ngati ndinu wokonda pawailesi, sizingakhale zovuta kuti mutengere matenda otere. Koma kwa munthu wamba, izi zingayambitse zovuta zingapo. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mfundo yakuti chipangizo ichi chidzakuwonongerani ndalama.
Mwa zina, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumakhala koyenera malinga ndi ntchito yapadera. Komabe, ngati mwa chozizwitsa china chipangizo chachilendochi chinali chitagona mu garaja yanu, chidzakhala chithandizo chabwino pazidziwitso zosiyanasiyana.
Oscilloscope imapanga chithunzithunzi cha chizindikiro chamagetsi. Matalikidwe ndi mafupipafupi a chizindikirocho akuwonetsedwa pawindo lapadera, lomwe limapereka chithunzithunzi cha ntchito ya chinthu chimodzi kapena china cha dongosolo.
Pankhaniyi, mfundo yowunika thanzi la sensa ya ABS idzakhazikitsidwa pakuwunika koyerekeza kwa zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa. Chifukwa chake, njira yonse pagawo loyambirira ndi yofanana ndi yomwe idachitika kale ndi multimeter, m'malo mwa tester, oscilloscope iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi zotuluka za sensor.
Njira ya diagnostic ndi motere:
- tembenuzani gudumu loyimitsidwa ndi pafupipafupi pafupifupi 2-3 rpm;
- konzani mtengo wa oscillation matalikidwe pa chiwonetsero cha oscilloscope.
Zikangowerengedwa kuchokera ku sensa imodzi, ndikofunikira kuchita zonse zomwezo ndi sensa yomwe imayikidwa mbali ina ya chitsulo chimodzi.
Zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa ziyenera kufananizidwa ndikuganiziridwa koyenera:
- ndi kuwerengera kofanana, masensa amatha kuonedwa kuti ndi othandiza;
- kusowa kwa zochitika mwadzidzidzi pamene chizindikiro chaching'ono cha sinusoid chimayikidwa chimasonyeza kugwira ntchito kwa sensa;
- kusunga matalikidwe okhazikika ndi mtengo wapamwamba wosapitirira 0,5 V pa liwiro lodziwika - sensa imatumikira mokhulupirika.
Njira ina yabwino ku chipangizo chamtengo wapatali ikhoza kukhala ntchito yapadera yomwe mungathe kuchita zinthu zonse zowunikira pogwiritsa ntchito laputopu wamba.
Kuyang'ana sensor popanda zida
Kuzindikira kwa sensor ya ABS kumatha kuchitika popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zojambulira. Kuti muchite izi, mumangofunika wrench kapena screwdriver.
Chofunikira pa mayesowo ndikuti, chinthu chachitsulo chikakhudza pakatikati pa maginito amagetsi, chiyenera kukopeka nacho. Pankhaniyi, mutha kuweruza thanzi la sensa. Apo ayi, pali zifukwa zomveka zokhulupirira kuti sensa yakufa.
Momwe mungakonzere zolakwika zomwe zapezeka
Pamene njira zowunikira zakhala zikuyenda bwino ndipo vutoli likupezeka, zimakhala zofunikira kuthetsa vuto lolakwika la dongosolo. Ngati zimakhudza sensa ya ABS kapena mphete yokakamiza, palibe chifukwa cholankhula za kubwezeretsa ntchito yawo.
Pankhaniyi, nthawi zambiri amafunika kusinthidwa. Kupatulapo kungakhale choncho pamene malo ogwirira ntchito a sensa amangokhala odetsedwa pakugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuti tichite izi, zidzakhala zokwanira kuyeretsa oxides ndi dothi particles. Monga zoyeretsera, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito madzi wamba sopo. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndikoletsedwa kwambiri.
Ngati gawo lowongolera ndilomwe linayambitsa kulephera, kutsitsimuka kwake nthawi zina kungayambitse mavuto aakulu. Komabe, imatha kutsegulidwa nthawi zonse ndikuwunika momwe ngoziyi ikukulira. Kuchotsa chivundikirocho kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala, kuti tipewe kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zogwirira ntchito.
Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti, chifukwa cha kugwedezeka, kulumikizana kwa imodzi mwa ma terminals amangotaya kukhazikika kwawo. Kuti muwagulitsenso ku bolodi, simuyenera kukhala ndi zipolopolo zisanu ndi ziwiri pamphumi panu. Kuti muchite izi, ndikwanira kupeza chitsulo chabwino cha pulse soldering kapena soldering station.
Pamene soldering, nkofunika kukumbukira kuti chipika ceramic insulator ndi tcheru kwambiri kutenthedwa. Choncho, pamenepa, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti chikhale ndi mphamvu yowonjezera kutentha.
