Momwe mungadziwire bodza la wogulitsa pogula galimoto
Ngati tiganizira kuti munthu wamba amanama katatu mu mphindi khumi zokambirana, ndiye n'zowopsa kulingalira kuti nthawi zingati panthawiyi wogulitsa galimoto kapena wapolisi wapamsewu yemwe wasankha kukunyengererani pa chindapusa angakunamizeni. Ndipo mwa njira, mukhoza kuzindikira bodza ndi manja a munthu.
The protagonist wa Hollywood series Lie to Me, Dr. Lightman, wosewera ndi Tim Roth, amadziwa chinenero cha nkhope ndi kayendetsedwe ka thupi kotero kuti, pozindikira mabodza, amapulumutsa osalakwa m'ndende ndikuyika zigawenga m'ndende. Ndipo izi sizopeka. Chitsanzo chake, Paul Ekman, pulofesa wa zamaganizo pa yunivesite ya California, wathera zaka zoposa 30 akuphunzira za chiphunzitso chachinyengo ndipo ndi katswiri wamkulu padziko lonse pa nkhaniyi.
Kulankhulana kwathu konse kwaumunthu kumagawika m'mawu ndi osalankhula. Mawu ndi mawu okhutira, tanthauzo la zokambirana. Kusalankhula kumaphatikizapo mawonekedwe a thupi, njira yolankhulirana - kaimidwe, manja, maonekedwe a nkhope, kuyang'ana, maonekedwe a mawu (kuchuluka kwa mawu, kuthamanga kwa mawu, kutulutsa mawu, kupuma) ngakhale kupuma. Pakulumikizana kwa anthu, mpaka 80% ya kulumikizana kumachitika kudzera m'mawu osalankhula - manja, ndipo 20-40% yokha ya chidziwitso imafalikira pogwiritsa ntchito mawu. Chifukwa chake, atadziwa luso la kutanthauzira chilankhulo cha thupi, munthu azitha kuwerenga "pakati pa mizere", "kusanthula" zidziwitso zonse zobisika za interlocutor. Chifukwa chake ndikuti chidziwitso chimagwira ntchito mosadalira munthu, ndipo chilankhulidwe cha thupi chimapereka. Choncho, mothandizidwa ndi chinenero cha thupi, munthu sangangowerenga maganizo a anthu ndi manja awo, komanso kulamulira zinthu pansi pa zovuta zamaganizo. Inde, kuti adziwe kulankhulana kopanda mawu, chidziwitso chachikulu m'dera lino la psychology chimafunika, komanso luso linalake pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake. Nthawi zambiri, wogulitsa, yemwe ali ndi cholinga chogulitsa galimotoyo mwa njira zonse, amakonzekera zifukwa zake pasadakhale ndipo amamanga njira yothetsera mavuto a maganizo. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimagwiritsa ntchito mabodza oganiziridwa bwino omwe amamveka okhutiritsa komanso ogwirizana. Woyang'anira malonda wodziwa bwino amanama mwaukadaulo, ndipo chinyengo cha wogulitsa payekha n'chosavuta kuzindikira, koma mulimonsemo, anthu onama amalumikizidwa ndi malamulo angapo.
TERRITORY
Choyamba, mukulankhulana kulikonse ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito malo ozungulira a interlocutor. Pali madera 4 otere: apamtima - kuchokera 15 mpaka 46 cm, munthu - kuchokera 46 mpaka 1,2 mamita, chikhalidwe - kuchokera 1,2 mpaka 3,6 mamita ndi anthu - oposa 3,6 mamita. Polankhulana ndi wogulitsa magalimoto kapena wapolisi wapamsewu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiyang'ane malo ochezera a anthu, i.e. sungani kuchokera ku interlocutor pamtunda wapakati pa 1 mpaka 2 metres.
MASO
Samalani ndi khalidwe la maso a interlocutor - chikhalidwe cha kulankhulana chimadalira nthawi ya kuyang'ana kwake komanso kutalika kwake komwe angathe kupirira maso anu. Ngati munthu ali wosakhulupirika kwa inu kapena akubisa chinachake, maso ake amakumana ndi inu kwa nthawi yosachepera 1/3 ya nthawi yonse yolankhulana. Kuti mupange ubale wabwino wokhulupirirana, kuyang'ana kwanu kuyenera kukumana ndi maso ake pafupifupi 60-70% ya nthawi yolumikizana. Komano, muyenera kuchenjezedwa ngati interlocutor, pokhala "katswiri wabodza", akuwoneka molunjika komanso osasunthika m'maso mwanu kwa nthawi yaitali. Zimenezi zingatanthauze kuti “anazimitsa” ubongo n’kulankhula “mwachisawawa” chifukwa analoweza nkhani yake pasadakhale. Akhozanso kuganiziridwa kuti akunama ngati, kunena chinachake, atembenuza maso ake kumanzere kwa inu.
PALM
Njira yabwino yodziwira momwe wolumikizirayo ali wowona mtima komanso wowona mtima pakadali pano ndikuwonera momwe manja ake alili. Mwana akamanama kapena kubisa chinachake, amabisa manja ake kumbuyo kwake. Chidziwitso ichi chimakhalanso ndi chikhalidwe cha akuluakulu panthawi yomwe akunena bodza. M'malo mwake, ngati munthu atsegula manja ake mokwanira kapena mbali ina kwa interlocutor, iye ndi womasuka. N’zochititsa chidwi kuti anthu ambiri zimawavuta kwambiri kunama ngati manja awo ali otsegula.
DZANJA KWAMANSO
Nthawi zambiri, ngati mwana wazaka zisanu akunena zabodza kwa makolo ake, nthawi yomweyo amatseka pakamwa pake ndi dzanja limodzi kapena onse awiri. M'zaka zapakati, izi zimakhala bwino kwambiri. Munthu wamkulu akanama, ubongo wake umatumiza chikoka kuti chitseke pakamwa pake, pofuna kuchedwetsa mawu achinyengo, monga momwe mwana wazaka zisanu kapena wachinyamata amachitira, koma pamapeto pake dzanja limapewa kukamwa ndi ena. manja ena amabadwa. Nthawi zambiri, izi ndi kukhudza kwa dzanja kumaso - mphuno, dimple pansi pa mphuno, chibwano; kapena kusisita chikope, khutu, khosi, kukoka kumbuyo kolala, ndi zina zotero. mayendedwe onsewa mosazindikira kubisa chinyengo ndi kuimira bwino "wamkulu" Baibulo kuphimba pakamwa ndi dzanja, amene analipo ali mwana.
ZOMWE AMAPEZA
Pakafukufuku wokhudza kulankhulana mopanda mawu, akatswiri a zamaganizo apeza kuti kunama nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuyabwa kwa minofu ya nkhope ndi khosi, ndipo munthuyo amagwiritsa ntchito kukanda kuti atonthoze. Anthu ena amayesa kunamizira chifuwa kuti aphimbe manja onsewa. Nthawi zambiri amatha kutsatiridwa ndi kumwetulira kokakamiza kudzera m'mano. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ndi zaka, zizindikiro zonse za anthu zimakhala zochepa komanso zophimbidwa, choncho nthawi zonse zimakhala zovuta kuwerenga zambiri za munthu wazaka 50 kuposa wamng'ono.
ZIZINDIKIRO ZAMBIRI ZA BODZA
Monga lamulo, munthu aliyense wabodza amangokhalira kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane. Asanayankhe funso, kaŵirikaŵiri amabwereza mokweza, ndipo posonyeza mmene akumvera, amangogwiritsa ntchito mbali imodzi ya nkhope yake. Mwachitsanzo, munthu woteroyo amamwetulira ndi pakamwa pake, ndipo minofu ya masaya, maso ndi mphuno imakhala yosasunthika. Pokambirana, wolankhulana naye, ngati mutakhala patebulo, akhoza kuika zinthu zina pakati panu mosadziwa: vase, kapu, buku, kuyesera kupanga zomwe zimatchedwa "chotchinga choteteza". Kaŵirikaŵiri wonyengayo amakhala wonena mawu ndipo amawonjezera mfundo zosafunikira m’nkhaniyo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zolankhulazo zimakhala zosokoneza komanso zolakwika mwa galamala, ziganizo zimakhala zosakwanira. Kupuma kulikonse pokambirana ndi munthu wabodza kumamusokoneza. Kaŵirikaŵiri, onyenga amayamba kulankhula mwapang’onopang’ono kusiyana ndi mmene amalankhulira.
Nthawi zonse kumbukirani: ngakhale wonyenga wodziwa zambiri sangathe kulamulira chikumbumtima chake.
