Momwe Ma Exhaust Systems Amagwirira Ntchito

Zonse zimayambira mu injini

Kuti mumvetsetse momwe utsi wagalimoto umagwirira ntchito, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino za injini yonse. Injini yoyaka mkati mwa mawonekedwe ake osavuta ndi pampu yayikulu ya mpweya. Zimasonkhanitsa mumlengalenga, kuzisakaniza ndi mafuta, zimawonjezera moto, ndikuyatsa kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya. Mawu ofunika apa ndi "kuyaka". Chifukwa njira yomwe imapangitsa kuti galimoto isunthike imaphatikizapo kuyaka, pamakhala zinyalala, monga momwe zimawonongera zowonongeka ndi mtundu uliwonse wa kuyaka. Moto ukayatsidwa pamoto, zonyansazo zimakhala utsi, mwaye ndi phulusa. Kwa makina oyatsira mkati, zonyansazo ndi mpweya, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta kaboni ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono tomwe timayimitsidwa mumipweya, yomwe imadziwika kuti mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Dongosolo la utsi limasefa zinyalalazi ndikuwathandiza kutuluka mgalimoto.

Ngakhale kuti makina amakono otulutsa mpweya ndi ovuta, izi sizinali choncho nthawi zonse. Sipanafike mpaka ndime ya Clean Air Act ya 1970 pomwe boma lidakwanitsa kukhazikitsa kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wopangidwa ndi galimoto. The Clean Air Act idasinthidwa mu 1976 komanso mu 1990, kukakamiza opanga magalimoto kuti apange magalimoto omwe amakwaniritsa miyezo yolimba yotulutsa mpweya. Malamulowa amathandizira kuti mpweya wabwino ukhale wabwino m'matauni akulu akulu aku US ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale mpweya wotulutsa mpweya monga tikudziwira lero.

Zigawo za dongosolo la utsi

• Valve yotulutsa: Valavu yotulutsa mpweya imakhala pamutu wa silinda ndipo imatsegulidwa pambuyo pa kugunda kwa pistoni.

• Piston: Pistoni imakankhira mpweya woyaka kuchokera m'chipinda choyatsira ndikulowa munjira zambiri.

• Kuchuluka kwa mpweya: Utsi wochuluka umanyamula mpweya kuchokera ku piston kupita ku chosinthira chothandizira.

• Wothandizira othandizira Chosinthira chothandizira chimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa poizoni mumpweya wotulutsa mpweya woyeretsa.

• Chitoliro chopopera Chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya chimanyamula mpweya kuchokera ku chosinthira chothandizira kupita ku muffler.

• Wotsutsa The muffler amachepetsa phokoso lopangidwa pamene kuyaka ndi mpweya utsi.

Kwenikweni, dongosolo lotulutsa mpweya limagwira ntchito posonkhanitsa zinyalala kuchokera ku njira yoyaka moto ndiyeno kuzisuntha kudzera m'mapaipi angapo kupita kumadera osiyanasiyana amagetsi. Kutulutsako kumatuluka potsegulira komwe kumapangidwa ndi kayendedwe ka valve yotulutsa mpweya ndipo kumapita kumalo otsekemera. Mwambiri, mipweya yotulutsa mpweya kuchokera ku masilindala aliwonse amasonkhanitsidwa palimodzi kenako ndikukankhidwa mu chosinthira chothandizira. Mu chosinthira chothandizira, utsiwo umatsukidwa pang'ono. Ma nitrogen oxides amaphwanyidwa m'zigawo zawo, nayitrogeni ndi mpweya, ndipo mpweya umawonjezeredwa ku carbon monoxide, kupanga mpweya woipa kwambiri koma woopsa kwambiri. Potsirizira pake, chitolirocho chimanyamula mpweya woyeretsawo kupita ku chotchinga, chomwe chimachepetsa phokoso pamene mpweya wotulutsa mpweya utuluka mumlengalenga.

Injini zamafuta

Pakhala pali chikhulupiliro cha nthawi yayitali kuti utsi wa dizilo ndiwonyansa kwambiri kuposa petulo wopanda lead. Utsi wakuda wonyansawo ukutuluka m'galimoto yaikuluyi umatulutsa utsi umawoneka ndi kununkhiza moipa kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimatuluka m'galimoto yamagalimoto. Komabe, malamulo okhudza kutulutsa dizilo akhala okhwima kwambiri m’zaka makumi awiri zapitazi, ndipo nthawi zambiri, ngakhale zonyansa monga momwe zingawonekere, utsi wa dizilo umakhala waukhondo ngati wa galimoto yamafuta a gasi. Zosefera za dizilo zimachotsa 95% ya utsi wagalimoto ya dizilo (gwero: http://phys.org/news/2011-06-myths-diesel.html), kutanthauza kuti mumawona mwaye kuposa china chilichonse. M'malo mwake, utsi wa injini ya dizilo uli ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri kuposa utsi wa injini ya gasi. Chifukwa cha kuwongolera kwamphamvu kwa mpweya wa dizilo komanso kuchuluka kwa mtunda, injini za dizilo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto ang'onoang'ono, kuphatikiza mitundu ya Audi, BMW ndi Jeep.

Ambiri zizindikiro ndi kukonza

Kukonza dongosolo la utsi ndizofala. Pamene pali magawo ambiri osuntha mu dongosolo limodzi lomwe likuyenda nthawi zonse, kukonzanso kwakukulu kumakhala kosapeweka.

• Wosweka utsi wochuluka Galimotoyo ikhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zotulutsa mpweya zomwe zimamveka ngati phokoso lalikulu pafupi ndi injini yomwe ingamveke ngati wotchi yaikulu.

• Pad Yolakwika ya Donut: Padzakhalanso phokoso lalikulu, koma izi zimamveka kuchokera pansi pa galimoto pamene wokwerayo akukhala m'galimoto ndi chitseko chotsegula.

• Chotsekereza chothandizira chotseka: Idzadziwonetsera yokha ngati kutayika kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ndi fungo lamphamvu la chinachake chowotchedwa.

• Chitoliro cha dzimbiri kapena muffler: Phokoso la utsi wotuluka mumkwiyo lidzamveka momveka bwino.

• Sensor yolakwika ya O2: Chongani Engine kuwala pa dashboard

Kusintha kwamakono kwa dongosolo lotayira galimoto

Pali zowonjezera zingapo zomwe zitha kupangidwa ku makina otulutsa mpweya kuti muwongolere magwiridwe antchito, kukweza mawu, ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito. Kuchita bwino ndikofunikira pakuyendetsa bwino kwagalimoto ndipo kukweza uku kungathe kuchitidwa ndi makina ovomerezeka omwe adzayitanitsa zida zosinthira zotulutsa zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zoyambirira pagalimoto. Ponena za magwiridwe antchito, pali makina otulutsa mpweya omwe amatha kulimbikitsa mphamvu yagalimoto, ndipo ena amatha kuthandizanso kuchepetsa mafuta. Kukonza kumeneku kudzafuna kukhazikitsa makina atsopano otulutsa mpweya. Pankhani ya phokoso, phokoso la galimoto likhoza kuchoka pa phokoso lodziwika bwino kupita ku liwu limene tinganene bwino kuti ndi laphokoso, mpaka pamene phokoso la galimotoyo limafanana ndi kubangula. Musaiwale kuti mukamawonjezera utsi wanu, muyenera kukwezanso zomwe mumadya.