Momwe kuyimitsidwa kwagalimoto kumagwirira ntchito

Poyang'ana koyamba, zikuwoneka kuti kuyimitsidwa kwagalimoto kumagwira ntchito mophweka. Ngati mabampu amatha kukhala ochepa, ndiye kuti zonse zili bwino, sichoncho? M'malo mwake, kuyimitsidwa kumafuna ntchito yambiri, ndipo zigawo zake ...

Poyang'ana koyamba, zikuwoneka kuti kuyimitsidwa kwagalimoto kumagwira ntchito mophweka. Ngati mabampu amatha kukhala ochepa, ndiye kuti zonse zili bwino, sichoncho?

M'malo mwake, kuyimitsidwa kuli ndi ntchito zambiri, ndipo zigawo zake ziyenera kupirira zolemetsa zazikulu poyerekeza ndi machitidwe ena akuluakulu agalimoto. Dongosolo la kuyimitsidwa lili pakati pa chimango ndi mawilo ndipo limagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika. Moyenera, kuyimitsidwa kokonzedwa bwino kumayamwa mabampu ndi mabampu ena pamsewu kuti anthu omwe ali m'galimoto ayende momasuka. Ngakhale izi ndizofunika kwambiri kwa okwera, dalaivala amawona mbali zina za kuyimitsidwa. Dongosololi limakhalanso ndi udindo wosunga mawilo pansi momwe angathere.

Mawilo ndi ofunika kwambiri pakuchita komanso chitetezo chagalimoto. Mawilo ndi mbali yokha ya galimoto yomwe imakhudza msewu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ayenera kutumiza mphamvu pansi ndikuyendetsa galimoto nthawi yomweyo, komanso kukhala ndi udindo woimitsa galimotoyo. Popanda njira yotengera mabampu ndi maenje m'misewu, galimotoyo imagwedezeka ndikugwedezeka pamtunda wosafanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa chosowa mphamvu. Ngakhale kuyimitsidwa ndi njira yabwino yothetsera misewu yaphokoso, zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yovuta kwambiri mukaganizira kuti mawilo tsopano ali ndi udindo pa ntchito zawo zonse ndipo tsopano akuyenera kusunthira mmwamba ndi pansi kuti atenge mabampu kuchokera kumabampu. chogwirira cha galimoto sichikuwoneka kuti chili pa akasupe ndipo chimaponyedwa paliponse.

Ndicho chifukwa chake kuyimitsidwa kwadongosolo kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Pali mbali zambiri zomwe zikukhudzidwa pano, ndipo gawo limodzi losweka kapena lopindika likhoza kuwononga dongosolo lonse.

Kodi suspension system imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Kwa mbali zambiri, magalimoto amakono ali ndi kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, kulola gudumu lililonse kuyenda mopanda ena. Komabe, magalimoto ena amagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cholimba chosavuta chifukwa chotsika mtengo komanso kapangidwe kosavuta. Ma axles olimba okha omwe akugwiritsidwabe ntchito pamagalimoto atsopano ndi ma axles amoyo. Ma axle oyendetsa amakhala ndi ma gudumu kumapeto kulikonse, ndipo ma axle akufa amakhala ndi matayala ozungulira aulere kumapeto kulikonse. Vuto la matayala akumbuyo omwe samasuntha paokha ndikuti nthawi zonse amakhala ndi ngodya yofanana, osati panjira. Izi zikutanthauza kusagwira pang'ono komanso kusadziwikiratu kagwiridwe kake. Kufikira mtundu waposachedwa, Ford Mustang idagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chamoyo ndipo idatsutsidwa kwambiri chifukwa chosiya kugwira ntchito movutikira.

Ma axles amtengo amathandiziranso kulemera kosafunikira. Kulemera kosasunthika ndi kulemera komwe sikumathandizidwa ndi kuyimitsidwa. Unyinji wothandizidwa ndi kuyimitsidwa umatchedwa sprung mass. Kulemera kochepa kosasunthika poyerekeza ndi kulemera kwa sprung kumapangitsa galimotoyo kukhala yopepuka komanso yamphamvu. Chotsutsanacho chimapereka kukwera kwaukali ndikumverera kosalamulirika kwenikweni pa galimoto. Ngati kusiyana komwe kumatumiza mphamvu kumawilo kudzera muzitsulo kumangiriridwa ku chimango cha galimoto kapena thupi osati chitsulo chokha, ndiye kuti misala yosasunthika imakhala yochepa kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chimodzi chofunikira, pakati pa ubwino wina wokhoza kuyendetsa gudumu popanda kukhudza kwambiri mawilo ena, chifukwa kuyimitsidwa kwadzidzidzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi ndi opanga magalimoto kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa magalimoto awo.

Kuyimitsidwa kwapatsogolo kodziyimira kumalola gudumu lakutsogolo lililonse kusunthira mmwamba ndi pansi ndi kasupe ndi chotsitsa chododometsa chomangirizidwa ku chimango kumapeto kwina ndi mkono wowongolera kapena wishbone kumapeto kwina. Chingwe chowongolera chimamangiriridwa kutsogolo kwa galimoto pafupi ndi pakati pa malekezero amodzi a chiwongolero, ndipo chowongoleracho chimamangiriridwa ku chinacho. Chikhumbo chokhumba chimachita zomwezo, kupatulapo chimangiriza chimango pamfundo ziwiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale gawo lomwe limafanana ndi chilakolako. Malo a chigawo chilichonse mu dongosolo loyimitsidwa loyimitsidwa kutsogolo ndilofunika chifukwa mawilo akutsogolo ayenera kutembenuka ndi kusunga nthawi zonse kuti atsimikizire kuti galimoto ikuyenda bwino.

Kuyimitsidwa kumbuyo kwadziyimira pawokha kumagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo womwewo monga kutsogolo popanda kuganizira zowongolera, popeza mawilo akumbuyo sawongoleredwa. Magalimoto a RWD ndi XNUMXWD ali ndi kusiyana komwe kumayikidwa pa chimango pakati pa zida zowongolera kapena zolakalaka, pomwe magalimoto oyendetsa magudumu akutsogolo ali ndi kuyimitsidwa kosavuta kwambiri komwe kumangofuna akasupe ndi ma dampers okha.

Ma dampers ndi akasupe amapereka kunyowa komanso kupsinjika kulikonse pamene kuyimitsidwa kumayenda. Akasupewo amapereka mphamvu yomwe imasunga kulemera kwa sprung kutali ndi mawilo ndi kukana kukanikiza. Shock absorbers ndi masilinda odzaza ndi mafuta omwe amapangitsa kuyimitsidwa kupondaponda ndikuwola pafupipafupi kuti akasupe asatuluke m'mwamba ndi pansi. Zodzikongoletsera zamakono (kapena zonyezimira) zimakhudzidwa ndi liwiro, kutanthauza kuti zimatha kugunda mopepuka komanso zimapereka kukana kokulirapo. Ganizirani za akasupe ngati agalu alonda, okonzeka kuteteza galimoto yanu mwankhanza. Zomwe zimachititsa mantha zidzakhala zomwe zimagwira zingwe za agalu alonda, kuonetsetsa kuti zisapite patali ndikuchita zoipa zambiri kuposa zabwino.

Magalimoto ambiri, makamaka ang'onoang'ono, amagwiritsa ntchito ma struts a MacPherson omwe ali pakatikati pa kasupe wa koyilo ndipo amakhala ngati zosokoneza. Imapulumutsa malo ndipo imakhala yopepuka.

Kodi kuyimitsidwa kumakulitsa bwanji chitonthozo cha okwera?

Pamene kukwera kapena chitonthozo cha galimoto ndi zabwino, zikutanthauza kuti kuyimitsidwa ali kudzipatula wabwino kwa msewu. Kuyimitsidwa kumatha kusuntha mmwamba ndi pansi ngati pakufunika popanda kugwedeza galimoto. Dalaivala amangodziwa zambiri za mseu kuti adziwe za vuto lililonse la mseu ndikumva phokoso ngati akukokera m'mbali mwa msewu waulere.

Magalimoto akale apamwamba, makamaka magalimoto apamwamba aku America, amakhala ndi kuyimitsidwa kofewa kotero kuti dalaivala amamva ngati akuyendetsa bwato. Izi sizili bwino, chifukwa lingaliro la msewu (ochepa pang'ono) ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi chidziwitso pakuyendetsa galimoto. Magalimoto amasewera opangidwa ndi fakitale ndi magalimoto ophatikizika nthawi zambiri amatsutsidwa chifukwa chodzipatula panjira. Opanga magalimotowa amaganiza kuti chiwerengero chawo chimakonda nthawi yothamanga panjanji kuposa chitonthozo cha pamsewu. Kuonjezera apo, magalimoto oyenda pa liwiro la mpikisano amatsika kwambiri kuchokera mlengalenga, zomwe zingayambitse khalidwe losayembekezereka loyimitsa misewu, makamaka m'makona.

Zina mwazovuta za thupi kapena kukwera zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa ndi izi:

• Body Roll: Pamene galimoto thupi amatsamira panja pamene ngodya. Magalimoto onse amachita zimenezi pamlingo wina wake akamakwera pamakona, koma ngati thupi la galimotoyo likugudubuza kwambiri, kusintha kolemera kungayambitse galimotoyo kupota, kuchoka pakona nthawi yake isanakwane, kapena kulephera kuyenda pa gudumu limodzi kapena angapo. .

• Malire otsika: Pamene matayala kugunda galimoto galimoto pamene kuyimitsidwa ndi wothinikizidwa. Izi zimachitika pamene galimoto ilibe kuyimitsidwa kokwanira kuti itenge mphamvu ya momwe ikukhudzidwa. Ma Fenders amatha kuletsa izi popanga khushoni pakati pa kuyimitsidwa ndi chimango chomwe chimalepheretsa tayala kukwera mpaka kugunda thupi lagalimoto, koma ngati ali osakwanira kapena akusowa, vutoli likhoza kuchitika. Rollover imatha kuwononga thupi, mawilo kapena kuyimitsidwa mosavuta.

Kodi kuyimitsidwa kumathandiza bwanji kuti galimoto ikhalebe pamsewu?

Kutha kwa galimoto kumayesedwa potengera momwe galimoto ingayendetsere bwino komanso kugawa kulemera kwake ikagwidwa ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana. Kuti galimoto ikhale yokhazikika poyima, imafunika kuyimitsidwa komwe sikumaloleza kutsogolo kutsika pansi nthawi iliyonse mabuleki. Kuthamanga kosalala kumafuna kuyimitsidwa kuti galimoto isagwedezeke kumbuyo pamene phokoso likutsegulidwa. Kusintha kwa kulemera kumapereka theka la mawilo ambiri okokera, kuwononga mphamvu ndikupangitsa kusagwirizana kwa machitidwe.

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mpukutu wochuluka wa thupi m'makona ndi woipa kuti usagwire. Mpukutu wa thupi ulinso woipa chifukwa potembenuka, chokokeracho chimasunthidwa mbali imodzi ya galimoto kuposa ina. Izi zimapangitsa kuti matayala amkati awonongeke komanso kuti atuluke pamtunda. Kuyimitsidwa komwe kumapereka kukopa kwabwino kumalepheretsa izi makamaka.

Zina mwazovuta zomwe zingagwirizane ndi dongosolo locheperapo loyenera kuyimitsidwa ndi monga:

• Chiwongolero cha Mphamvu: Ikagundana, galimoto imakhotera kumanzere kapena kumanja, koma dalaivala satembenuza chiwongolero. Kuyimitsidwa koyipa kungapangitse mawilo kutsamira pa ngodya kotero kuti vutoli limachitika.

• Oversteer: Pamene kumbuyo kwa galimoto amataya kukokera ndi kusweka pa pamapindikira. Ngati thupi limagudubuzika kwambiri m'makona, kusinthana kolemera kungapangitse mawilo akumbuyo kulephera kuyenda. Vutoli limathanso kuyambika chifukwa mawilo akumbuyo amakhala pa ngodya yomwe salola kuti tayalalo lizitha kumamatira mumsewu mokwanira likamakona.

• understeer: Pamene mawilo akutsogolo amalephera kusuntha pa ngodya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti galimotoyo isunthike kupita kunja kwa ngodya. Mofanana ndi oversteer, kugudubuza thupi mopitirira muyeso kapena mawilo okhala ndi ngodya yowonda molakwika angapangitse mawilo akutsogolo kusayenda bwino akamakhota. Understeer ndiyowopsa kwambiri chifukwa magalimoto akutsogolo amawongolera ndikutumiza mphamvu kumawilo akutsogolo. kusagwira kocheperako pa mawilo akutsogolo, m'pamenenso kuyendetsa galimoto kumachepa.

• Onse otsetsereka ndi otsika amawonjezedwa ndi mikhalidwe yoterera.

Utumiki woyimitsidwa

Popeza kuti ntchito yaikulu ya kuyimitsidwa kwa makina ndi kutenga mantha kuti ateteze galimotoyo ndi okwera, ziwalozo zimapangidwira kuti zikhale zolimba mokwanira. Palinso zigawo zina zingapo m'magalimoto amakono omwe ali ovuta kwambiri ngati zigawo zoyimitsidwa.

Komabe, ndi kusuntha kochuluka ndi mphamvu zomwe zimapangidwa poyimitsidwa, mbalizo zidzatha kapena kuwonongeka. Maenje aakulu angachititse galimotoyo kugwa mwamphamvu kwambiri moti zingwe zogwira akasupewo zimapindika kapena kusweka.

Phokoso loyimba nthawi zambiri limatsagana ndi kulephera kwa bushings ndi kulumikizana kwina. Ngati ngodya imodzi ya galimotoyo imakhala yolimba kwambiri podutsa mabampu, yang'anani ma shock absorbers kapena ma struts nthawi yomweyo. Mavuto oyimitsidwa ayenera kuthetsedwa mwamsanga, kotero ngati kachitidwe ka galimoto kapena kunyowa kwa galimotoyo asintha, ziyenera kufufuzidwa mwamsanga.