Momwe injini yamakono imagwirira ntchito

Mumatembenuza kiyi poyatsira ndipo injini imayamba. Mumaponda pa gasi ndipo galimotoyo imapita patsogolo. Mumatulutsa kiyi ndipo injini imazima. Umu ndi momwe injini yanu imagwirira ntchito, sichoncho? Ndizofotokozera zambiri kuposa momwe ambiri aife tikudziwira, zomwe zimachitika kumbuyo kwazithunzi zomwe zimachitika sekondi iliyonse.

Ntchito zamkati mwa injini yanu

Injini yagalimoto yanu ili ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu: silinda ndi mutu wa silinda.

Pamwamba pa injiniyo amatchedwa mutu wa silinda. Lili ndi ma valve omwe amatsegula ndi kutseka kuti athe kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka mpweya / mafuta osakaniza ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kuchokera ku masilindala amodzi. Pa silinda imodzi payenera kukhala mavavu osachepera awiri: imodzi yolowera (kutulutsa mafuta osatenthedwa mu silinda) ndi imodzi yotulutsa mpweya (kutulutsa kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya kuchokera mu injini). Ma injini ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma valve angapo pakulowetsa komanso kutulutsa.

The camshaft imamangiriridwa pakati kapena pamwamba pa mutu wa silinda kuti igwire ntchito ya valve. Kamshaft ili ndi zowonetsera zotchedwa lobes zomwe zimakakamiza ma valve kuti atsegule ndi kutseka ndendende.

The camshaft ndi crankshaft zimagwirizana kwambiri. Ayenera kuthamanga pa nthawi yoyenera kuti injini iziyenda konse. Amalumikizidwa ndi unyolo kapena lamba wanthawi kuti asunge nthawi iyi. Camshaft iyenera kumaliza kusinthika kuwiri pakusintha kulikonse kwa crankshaft. Kusintha kumodzi kokwanira kwa crankshaft ndikofanana ndi mikwingwirima iwiri ya pistoni mu silinda yake. Kuzungulira kwa mphamvu - njira yomwe imapanga mphamvu zomwe mukufunikira kuti musunthe galimoto yanu - imafuna mikwingwirima inayi ya pistoni. Tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane momwe pisitoni imagwirira ntchito mkati mwa injini ndi magawo anayi osiyanasiyana:

• Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Kuti muyambe kugwira ntchito, chinthu choyamba chomwe injini imafunikira ndi kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya komwe kumalowa mu silinda. Vavu yolowetsa imatsegulidwa mumutu wa silinda pamene pisitoni iyamba kutsika. Kusakaniza kwamafuta ndi mpweya kumalowa mu silinda pa chiŵerengero cha pafupifupi 15: 1. Pistoni ikafika pansi pa sitiroko yake, valavu yolowetsa imatseka ndikusindikiza silinda.

• kupanikizika: Pistoni imasunthira mmwamba mu silinda, kukakamiza mpweya / mafuta osakaniza. Mphete za pisitoni zimasindikiza mbali za pisitoni mu silinda, kuletsa kupsinjika. Pistoni ikafika pamwamba pa sitiroko iyi, zomwe zili mu silindayo zimapanikizika kwambiri. Kuphatikizika kwabwinobwino kumakhala pakati pa 8: 1 ndi 10: 1. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusakaniza kwa silinda kumapanikizidwa mpaka pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a voliyumu yake yoyambirira yosakanizidwa.

• Magetsi: Zomwe zili mu silinda zikakanikizidwa, spark plug imayatsa kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya. Pali kuphulika kolamulidwa komwe kumakankhira pisitoni pansi. Imatchedwa power stroke chifukwa ndi mphamvu yomwe imatembenuza crankshaft.

• Kutopa: Pamene pisitoni ili pansi pa sitiroko yake, valavu yotulutsa mpweya mumutu wa silinda imatsegulidwa. Pistoni ikakweranso m'mwamba (motengera mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimachitika munthawi imodzi mumasilinda ena), mipweya yoyaka mu silinda imakankhidwira mmwamba ndikutuluka mu injini kudzera mu valve yotulutsa mpweya. Pistoni ikafika pamwamba pa sitiroko iyi, valavu yotulutsa mpweya imatseka ndipo kuzungulira kumayambanso.

• Lingalirani izi: Ngati injini yanu ikugwira ntchito pa 700 RPM kapena RPM, zikutanthauza kuti crankshaft ikuzungulira nthawi 700 pamphindi. Popeza kuti kuzungulira kwa ntchito kumachitika sekondi iliyonse, silinda iliyonse imakhala ndi kuphulika kwa 350 mu silinda yake mphindi iliyonse popanda ntchito.

Kodi injini imatenthedwa bwanji?

Mafuta ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya injini. Pali ndime zing'onozing'ono m'zigawo zamkati za injini, zomwe zimatchedwa mafuta, zomwe mafuta amakakamizika. Pampu yamafuta imakoka mafuta a injini kuchokera ku poto yamafuta ndikuukakamiza kuti azizungulira mu injini, kuwonetsetsa kuti zida zachitsulo zodzaza kwambiri zimagwira ntchito bwino. Njirayi imachita zambiri osati kungopaka mafuta. Zimalepheretsa kukangana komwe kumayambitsa kutentha kwambiri, kuziziritsa magawo a injini yamkati, ndikupanga chisindikizo cholimba pakati pa magawo a injini, monga pakati pa makoma a silinda ndi ma pistoni.

Kodi kusakaniza kwamafuta ndi mpweya kumapangidwa bwanji?

Mpweya umalowetsedwa mu injini chifukwa cha vacuum yomwe imapangidwa panthawi ya injini. Mpweya ukalowa mu injini, jekeseni wamafuta amapopera mafuta omwe amasakanikirana ndi mpweya pafupifupi 14.7: 1. Kusakaniza kumeneku kumayamwa mu injini nthawi iliyonse yomwe mumamwa.

Izi zikufotokozera zoyambira mkati mwa injini yamakono. Masensa ambiri, ma modules, ndi machitidwe ena ndi zigawo zina zimagwira ntchito panthawiyi, kulola injini kuyendetsa. Magalimoto ambiri pamsewu ali ndi injini zomwe zimagwira ntchito mofanana. Mukaganizira zolondola zomwe zimafunikira kuti zida zambiri za injini ziziyenda bwino, mogwira mtima komanso modalirika pamtunda wamakilomita masauzande ambiri pazaka zambiri zantchito, mumayamba kuyamika ntchito ya mainjiniya ndi amakaniko kuti akufikitseni komwe mukufunikira. pitani.