Momwe makina opangira mafuta amagwirira ntchito

Mafuta a injini amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri: Amapaka mafuta, kuyeretsa, ndi kuziziritsa mbali zambiri za injini zomwe zimayenda mozungulira masauzande ambiri pa mphindi imodzi. Izi zimachepetsa kuvala kwa zigawo za injini ndikuonetsetsa kuti zigawo zonse zimagwira ntchito bwino pa kutentha kolamulidwa. Kusuntha kosalekeza kwa mafuta atsopano kudzera mu dongosolo lopaka mafuta kumachepetsa kufunika kokonzanso ndikutalikitsa moyo wa injini.

Ma injini ali ndi magawo ambiri osuntha ndipo onse amafunikira kuthiridwa mafuta kuti azitha kugwira ntchito bwino komanso mokhazikika. Pamene akudutsa mu injini, mafuta amayenda pakati pa zigawo zotsatirazi:

wosonkhanitsa mafuta: Poto yamafuta, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti sump, nthawi zambiri imakhala pansi pa injini. Amagwira ntchito ngati malo osungiramo mafuta. Mafuta amaunjikana pamenepo injini ikazimitsidwa. Magalimoto ambiri amakhala ndi malita anayi kapena asanu ndi atatu amafuta mu sump yawo.

Mafuta mpope: Pampu yamafuta imapopera mafuta, kuwakankhira kudzera mu injini ndikupereka mafuta okhazikika kuzinthuzo.

Tube yonyamula: Mothandizidwa ndi mpope wamafuta, chubuchi chimatulutsa mafuta kuchokera ku poto yamafuta injini ikayatsidwa, ndikuyiwongolera kudzera muzosefera zamafuta mu injini yonse.

Valavu yothandizira: Imawongolera kuthamanga kwamafuta kuti aziyenda nthawi zonse ngati kusintha kwa katundu ndi injini.

Zosefera mafuta: Amasefa mafuta kuti atseke zinyalala, zinyalala, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tachitsulo ndi zonyansa zina zomwe zimatha kuvala ndikuwononga zida za injini.

Mabowo ndi ma galleries: Ngalande ndi mabowo obowoleredwa kapena kuponyedwa mu chipika cha silinda ndi zigawo zake kuti zitsimikizire ngakhale kugawa kwamafuta kumadera onse.

Mitundu ya Settler

Pali mitundu iwiri ya matanki a sedimentation. Yoyamba ndi sump yonyowa, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto ambiri. M'dongosolo lino, poto yamafuta imakhala pansi pa injini. Kapangidwe kameneka ndi kabwino kwa magalimoto ambiri chifukwa sump ili pafupi ndi mafuta ndipo ndiyotsika mtengo kupanga ndi kukonza.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa crankcase ndi sump youma, yomwe imakonda kuwonedwa pamagalimoto apamwamba kwambiri. Poto yamafuta ili kwinakwake pa injini kuposa pansi. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangitsa kuti galimotoyo igwere pansi, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yokoka yapakati komanso kuwongolera kagwiridwe kake. Zimathandizanso kupewa njala yamafuta ngati mafuta atuluka mupaipi yolowera pamene akuchulukirachulukira.

Kodi mafuta amoto amachita chiyani

Mafutawa amapangidwa kuti aziyeretsa, kuziziritsa komanso kudzoza zida za injini. Mafutawo amakutira mbali zoyendazo m’njira yoti zikakhudza, zimatsetsereka m’malo mokanda. Tangoganizani zidutswa zazitsulo ziwiri zikusunthana. Popanda mafuta, amakanda, kukanda, ndi kuwononga zina. Pokhala ndi mafuta pakati, zidutswa ziwirizi zimagwedezeka ndi kukangana kochepa kwambiri.

Mafutawa amayeretsanso mbali zosuntha za injini. Panthawi yoyaka moto, zonyansa zimapangidwira, ndipo pakapita nthawi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tachitsulo timatha kuwunjikana pamene zigawozo zimatsutsana. Ngati injini ikutha kapena kutayikira, madzi, dothi, ndi zinyalala za msewu zimathanso kulowa mu injiniyo. Mafuta amatchera msampha zonyansazi, pomwe amachotsedwa ndi sefa mafuta pamene mafuta akudutsa mu injini.

Madoko olowera amapopera mafuta pansi pa ma pistoni, omwe amapanga chisindikizo cholimba kwambiri pamakoma a silinda popanga wosanjikiza wochepa kwambiri wamadzimadzi pakati pa zigawozo. Izi zimathandiza kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ndi mphamvu monga mafuta mu chipinda choyaka moto amatha kuyaka kwathunthu.

Ntchito ina yofunika kwambiri ya mafuta ndi kuchotsa kutentha kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu, kuwonjezera moyo wawo ndi kuteteza injini kutenthedwa. Popanda mafuta, zigawozi zimakandana ngati zitsulo zopanda kanthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mikangano yambiri komanso kutentha.

Mitundu yamafuta

Mafuta ndi mafuta a petroleum kapena synthetic (non-petroleum) mankhwala mankhwala. Nthawi zambiri amakhala osakaniza a mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe amaphatikiza ma hydrocarbon, polyintrinsic olefins, ndi polyalphaolefins. Mafuta amayesedwa ndi mamasukidwe ake kapena makulidwe ake. Mafutawo ayenera kukhala okhuthala mokwanira kuti azipaka zigawozo, komabe woonda kwambiri kuti adutse magalasi ndi pakati pa mipata yopapatiza. Kutentha kozungulira kumakhudza kukhuthala kwa mafuta, kotero kuyenera kukhalabe ndikuyenda bwino ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira komanso yotentha.

Magalimoto ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta wamba opangidwa ndi petroleum, koma magalimoto ambiri (makamaka omwe amagwira ntchito) amapangidwa kuti aziyenda ndi mafuta opangira. Kusintha pakati pawo kungayambitse mavuto ngati injini yanu siinapangidwe kuti ikhale imodzi kapena imzake. Mutha kupeza kuti injini yanu imayamba kuwotcha mafuta omwe amalowa m'chipinda choyaka moto ndikuyaka, nthawi zambiri kutulutsa utsi wabuluu kuchokera muutsi.

Mafuta a Synthetic Castrol amapereka zabwino zina pagalimoto yanu. Castrol EDGE sichikhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha ndipo imatha kuthandizira kukonza mafuta. Amachepetsanso kukangana kwa magawo a injini poyerekeza ndi mafuta opangidwa ndi petroleum. Mafuta opanga Castrol GTX Magnatec amawonjezera moyo wa injini ndikuchepetsa kufunika kokonza. Castrol EDGE High Mileage idapangidwa mwapadera kuti iteteze injini zakale ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito awo.

Mafuta owerengera

Mukawona bokosi la mafuta, mudzawona manambala palembapo. Nambala iyi ikuwonetsa giredi yamafuta, yomwe ndiyofunikira pakuzindikira mafuta omwe mungagwiritse ntchito mgalimoto yanu. Dongosolo lowongolera limatsimikiziridwa ndi Society of Automotive Engineers, kotero nthawi zina mumatha kuwona SAE pabokosi lamafuta.

SAE imasiyanitsa magawo awiri amafuta. Mmodzi kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe pa kutentha otsika ndi kalasi yachiwiri kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe pa kutentha kwambiri, kawirikawiri pafupifupi ntchito kutentha kwa injini. Mwachitsanzo, mudzawona mafuta omwe ali ndi dzina lakuti SAE 10W-40. 10W imakuuzani kuti mafuta ali ndi mamasukidwe 10 pa kutentha otsika ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe 40 pa kutentha kwambiri.

Kugoletsa kumayambira pa ziro ndikuwonjezeka mu ma increments asanu mpaka khumi. Mwachitsanzo, mudzawona magiredi amafuta 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, kapena 60. Pambuyo pa manambala 0, 5, 10, 15, kapena 25, mudzawona chilembo W, kutanthauza kuti dzinja. Nambala yaying'ono kutsogolo kwa W, imayenda bwino pamatenthedwe otsika.

Masiku ano, mafuta ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto. Mafuta amtunduwu ali ndi zowonjezera zapadera zomwe zimalola kuti mafuta azigwira ntchito bwino pa kutentha kosiyanasiyana. Zowonjezera izi zimatchedwa viscosity index improvers. Kunena zowona, izi zikutanthauza kuti eni magalimoto safunikanso kusintha mafuta awo masika ndi autumn kuti agwirizane ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, monga kale.

Mafuta ndi zowonjezera

Kuphatikiza pa kuwongolera ma index a viscosity, opanga ena amaphatikizanso zina zowonjezera kuti mafuta azigwira bwino ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, zotsukira zikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kuyeretsa injini. Zowonjezera zina zingathandize kupewa dzimbiri kapena kufooketsa zinthu za asidi.

Zowonjezera za Molybdenum disulfide zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kutha ndi kukangana ndipo zidadziwika mpaka m'ma 1970. Zowonjezera zambiri sizinatsimikizidwe kuti zimathandizira magwiridwe antchito kapena kuchepetsa kuvala ndipo tsopano ndizochepa kwambiri m'mafuta agalimoto. Magalimoto ambiri akale amawonjezeredwa ndi zinc, zomwe ndizofunikira pamafuta, chifukwa injini yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamafuta amtovu.

Pamene makina opangira mafuta sakugwira ntchito bwino, injini ikhoza kuwonongeka kwambiri. Chimodzi mwamavuto odziwika bwino ndi kutayikira kwamafuta a injini. Ngati vutolo silikonzedwa, galimotoyo imatha kutha mafuta, zomwe zingawononge injini mwachangu komanso zimafunikira kukonzanso kokwera mtengo kapena kusinthidwa.

Chinthu choyamba ndikupeza mafuta omwe akutuluka. Chifukwa chake chikhoza kukhala chisindikizo chowonongeka kapena chotuluka kapena gasket. Ngati ndi gasket yamafuta, imatha kusinthidwa mosavuta pamagalimoto ambiri. Kutuluka kwa mutu wa gasket kumatha kuwononga injini yagalimoto, ndipo ngati kutayikira, mutu wonse wa gasket uyenera kusinthidwa. Ngati choziziritsa chanu chili chofiirira, izi zikuwonetsa kuti vuto liri ndi mutu wa silinda wowombedwa ndi mafuta akudontha mu choziziritsa.

Vuto lina ndilakuti mafuta amayaka. Kuthamanga kochepa kumatha kuchitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Kudzaza galimoto ndi mafuta olakwika kungayambitse kupanikizika kochepa m'chilimwe kapena m'nyengo yozizira. Sefa yotsekeka kapena pampu yamafuta yolakwika imachepetsanso kuthamanga kwamafuta.

Kusamalira dongosolo lanu lopaka mafuta

Kuti injini ikhale yabwino, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira mafuta. Izi zikutanthauza kusintha mafuta ndi fyuluta monga momwe akulimbikitsira m'buku la eni ake, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika makilomita 3,000-7,000 aliwonse. Muyeneranso kugwiritsa ntchito giredi yamafuta yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga. Ngati muwona vuto lililonse ndi injini kapena kutayikira kwamafuta, muyenera kuyendetsa galimotoyo ndi mafuta apamwamba kwambiri a Castrol ndi katswiri wakumunda wa "AvtoTachki".