Momwe magudumu anayi amagwirira ntchito

Kodi ma wheel drive onse ndi chiyani?

Magalimoto onse a wheel drive (AWD) amatumiza mphamvu kumawilo onse anayi. Izi zitha kuchitika m'njira zingapo, koma cholinga chachikulu ndikuwongolera kayendetsedwe kagalimoto ndi magwiridwe antchito. Ngakhale kuyendetsa magudumu anayi ndi njira yokwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito magawo ambiri (zinthu zambiri zomwe zimatha kusweka), ili ndi zabwino zambiri. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Kuthamanga Kwabwino Kwambiri: Pamene mawilo onse anayi amachepetsa mphamvu (nthawi zambiri), zimakhala zosavuta kunyamula liwiro.

• Kuthamanga kokhazikika: Pamene mphamvu imagawidwa pakati pa ma axles awiri, pali magudumu ocheperapo ndipo motero kuthamanga kumakhala kokhazikika.

• Kugwira bwino m'misewu yoterera: Kaya ndi chipale chofewa pansi kapena mvula yambiri, XNUMXWD imapangitsa kuti mawilo azikhala olimba kwambiri akamathamanga kapena kusunga liwiro. Kuyendetsa magudumu onse kumachepetsanso mwayi woti galimotoyo ikanidwe mumatope kapena matalala.

Pali kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa XNUMXWD ndi XNUMXWD. Ku US, kuti galimoto ilembedwe kuti "all-wheel drive", ma axles onse ayenera kulandila mphamvu nthawi imodzi ndikuzungulira pa liwiro losiyana. Ngati galimotoyo ili ndi chotengera chosinthira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ngati ma axles onse atenga mphamvu, ndiye kuti amakakamizika kuti azizungulira pa liwiro lomwelo, ndiye kuti ndi magudumu anayi, osati ma wheel drive anayi.

Ma SUV ambiri amakono ndi ma crossovers amagwiritsa ntchito makina oyendetsa magudumu onse otchedwa "Four-Wheel Drive". Izi zimathandiza kuti ma axle azizungulira pa liwiro losiyana ndipo ali ndi ntchito zambiri zothandiza, kutanthauza kuti opanga nthawi zambiri amasungirako magalimoto oyendetsa magudumu anayi a magalimoto olemetsa komanso opanda msewu. Amatha kulembedwa ngati ma wheel drive chifukwa amalola mawilo onse anayi kuyendetsa galimoto patsogolo. Kulemba XNUMXWD drivetrain ngati XNUMXWD kumapangitsanso kuti ikhale yolimba komanso ngati SUV yodzipatulira.

Kodi magudumu anayi amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Ngati galimotoyo ili ndi kusiyana kwapakati, ndiye kuti mawonekedwe otumizira amafanana ndi unsembe wa gudumu lakumbuyo. Injini imayendetsa mu gearbox ndikubwerera ku kusiyana. Kawirikawiri injini imayikidwa motalika. M'malo mogwirizanitsidwa ndi kusiyana kwakumbuyo, monga m'galimoto yoyendetsa kumbuyo, driveshaft imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusiyana kwapakati.

Kusiyana kwapakati kumagwira ntchito mofanana ndi kusiyana kwa ma axles. Pamene mbali imodzi ya kusiyana imayenda pa liwiro losiyana ndi ina, imalola kuti mbali imodzi idutse pamene mbali inayo imapeza mphamvu zambiri. Kuchokera kusiyanitsa kwapakati, driveshaft imodzi imapita molunjika kumanzere kumbuyo ndipo inayo imapita kutsogolo. Subaru imagwiritsa ntchito kachitidwe kamene kamakhala kosiyana ndi mtundu uwu wa magudumu onse. M'malo mwa driveshaft kupita kutsogolo, kusiyanitsa kwakutsogolo kumapangidwira muchombo chosinthira pamodzi ndi kusiyana kwapakati.

Ngati galimoto ilibe kusiyana pakati, ndiye kuti malo ake amatha kufanana ndi galimoto yoyendetsa kutsogolo. Injini mwina wokwera chopingasa, kufalitsa mphamvu ku gearbox. M'malo mowongolera mphamvu zonse ku mawilo pansi pa injini, mphamvu zina zimatumizidwanso ku masiyanidwe amtundu wina kudzera pa driveshaft yochokera ku gearbox. Izi zimagwira ntchito mofanana ndi dongosolo losiyanitsa pakati, kupatula kuti kufalitsa pafupifupi nthawi zonse kumakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa gwero losiyana. Izi zimathandiza kuti galimotoyo igwiritse ntchito magudumu onse pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kukokera kwambiri. Dongosolo lamtunduwu limapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala opepuka. Choyipa chake ndikuchita kochepa kwa magudumu onse pamisewu youma.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma wheel drive

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu yamagalimoto onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto masiku ano:

• Permanent pagalimoto: Kupatsirana kwamtunduwu kumagwiritsa ntchito zosiyana zitatu kuti zigawike bwino mawilo onse anayi. Mwa dongosolo ili, mawilo onse amalandira mphamvu nthawi zonse. Makina otchuka kwambiri oyendetsa ma wheel onse omwe ali ndi dongosololi akuphatikizapo Audi Quattro all-wheel drive ndi Subaru's symmetrical all-wheel drive. Magalimoto othamangitsana ndi ma rally ndi ofanana nawo omwe amapita mumsewu amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu uwu wa kukhazikitsa kwa AWD pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi.

• Makina oyendetsa magudumu anayi: Palibe kusiyana pakati pamtundu uwu wa ma gudumu onse. Bokosi la gear lomwe limayendetsa mawilo amodzi limatumiza mphamvu zambiri kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo, pomwe chowongolera chimatumiza mphamvu kuti isiyanitse mbali ina. Ndi mtundu uwu wa dongosolo, dalaivala amangopeza ubwino wa magudumu onse m'malo otsika otsika. Kukonzekera uku kumatenga malo ochepa kusiyana ndi njira ina ndipo kumapangitsa kuti galimotoyo izigwira ntchito bwino ngati ikugwira ntchito ngati kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo.

Malo abwino kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito ma wheel drive ndi ati?

• Magalimoto omwe amawona nyengo yambiri: Ndizosavuta kuwona chifukwa chake anthu okhala m'malo achisanu kapena mvula amakonda magalimoto a XNUMXxXNUMX. Iwo sakhala okhazikika kuti atseke ndipo amatha kusiya ngati atakakamira. Kuphatikizidwa ndi matayala oyenerera nyengo, magudumu onse amakhala pafupifupi osatha.

• Mapulogalamu Opanga: Kugwira ndikofunikira pamagalimoto amphamvu. Kukokera kwamphamvu kumapangitsa kuti galimotoyo ichepe mwachangu ndikuthamanga mwachangu kuchokera pamakona. Ma Lamborghini ndi Bugatti onse amagwiritsa ntchito magudumu anayi. Ngakhale pali chiwopsezo chowonjezereka cha understeer (mawilo akutsogolo amataya mayendedwe pakona), ukadaulo wamakono umapangitsa izi kukhala zopanda vuto.

Kodi kuipa kwa ma wheel drive ndi ati?

• Kutumiza mphamvu ku ma axle onse kumapangitsa kuti galimotoyo ikhale yochepa mafuta. Iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kuti mawilo onse azizungulira ndi zina zambiri kuti galimotoyo ifulumire.

• Makhalidwe ogwirira ntchito samakonda aliyense. Ngakhale ma wheel drive onse amalola ogula kuti azitha kupeza zabwino zonse zamagalimoto akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, imatha kuwonetsanso zoyipa za onse awiri. Magalimoto ena amatha kutsika pansi pomwe mawilo akutsogolo amalandira mphamvu zochulukirapo pamakona, pomwe ena amatha kuwongolera pomwe mawilo akumbuyo alandila mphamvu zambiri. Iyi ndi nkhani ya kukoma kwa dalaivala ndi galimoto inayake.

• Zigawo zambiri zikutanthauza kulemera kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kulemera kwake, galimotoyo imachita bwino kwambiri ndipo imadya mafuta ambiri. Mbali zambiri zimatanthauzanso zinthu zambiri zomwe zimatha kusweka. Pamwamba pa mfundo yakuti magalimoto a XNUMXWD nthawi zambiri amawononga ndalama zambiri, kukonza ndi kukonza kungawononge ndalama zambiri mtsogolomu.

Kodi ma wheel drive onse ndi abwino kwa ine?

Kwa anthu okhala m'madera omwe amagwa chipale chofewa chaka chilichonse, magalimoto a XNUMXxXNUMX ndi omveka kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Kukwera mtengo komanso kuchulukirachulukira kwamafuta amafuta ndikoyenera kuyendetsa mumsewu mu chipale chofewa chambiri kapena kuyendetsa pa chipale chofewa mwangozi chosiyidwa ndi tiller. M'madera oterowo, magalimoto oyendetsa magudumu onse amakhalanso ndi mtengo wapamwamba wogulitsidwa.

Komabe, mavuto ambiri oyendetsa amatha kuthetsedwa ndi matayala am'nyengo. Misewu yambiri imayendetsedwa pafupipafupi mokwanira m'malo ambiri kotero kuti kuyendetsa magudumu anayi sikufunikira kwenikweni. Ma wheel drive onse sasintha mabuleki kapena chiwongolero m'misewu yoterera, motero magalimoto omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sikhala otetezeka.