Momwe pampu yamafuta imagwirira ntchito, chipangizo ndi kusagwira bwino ntchito

Dongosolo lopaka mafuta la injini yamagalimoto limamangidwa pamfundo yoperekera mafuta amadzimadzi kumagulu onse okangana a magawo omwe akukakamizidwa. Pambuyo pake, imayendereranso mu crankcase, kuchokera komwe imatengedwa kupita njira ina yodutsa m'misewu yayikulu.

Pampu yamafuta imakhala ndi udindo wowonetsetsa kuti mafuta akuyenda ndikupanga kukakamizidwa kofunikira mudongosolo.

Kodi pompa mafuta mgalimoto ali kuti

Nthawi zambiri, mpope ili kutsogolo kwa injini, nthawi yomweyo kuseri kwa pulleys wothandiza pagalimoto, koma nthawi zina pansi pa crankshaft, kumtunda kwa crankcase. Poyamba, imayendetsedwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku crankshaft, ndipo kachiwiri, imayendetsedwa ndi unyolo kuchokera ku sprocket kapena gear transmission.

Kudya kwamafuta kumalumikizidwa ndi mpope, kutseguka kwake komwe kumakhala ndi fyuluta yowoneka bwino kumakhala pansi pa mulingo wamafuta mu crankcase, nthawi zambiri ngakhale popumira mwapadera.

Zosiyanasiyana

M'malo mwake, mapampu onse ndi ofanana, ntchito yawo ndikutenga mafuta m'bowo linalake la voliyumu yayikulu, kenako chibowo ichi chimayenda ndikuchepa.

Chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwake, madzi opopedwa amatsitsidwa mumzere wotulutsira, ndipo kukakamiza kotukuka kumatengera miyeso ya geometric, liwiro lozungulira, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta komanso kugwiritsa ntchito chida chowongolera.

Yotsirizirayo nthawi zambiri imakhala valavu yochepetsera yodzaza ndi masika yomwe imatseguka pakanikizidwe komwe kamataya ndikutaya mafuta ochulukirapo m'bokosi.

Mwa mapangidwe, mapampu amafuta amagalimoto amatha kukhala amitundu ingapo:

• zidapamene magiya awiri, ozungulira, amasuntha mafuta m'mabowo pakati pa mano ake akuluakulu ndi nyumba yapampopi, ndikupereka mofanana kuchokera kumalo olowera kupita kumalo;
• mtundu wozungulira, apa imodzi mwa magiya omwe ali ndi dzino lakunja amayikidwa mu lina, ndi dzino lamkati, pamene nkhwangwa za onse awiri zimakhala ndi zotsutsana, zomwe zimachititsa kuti zibowo zapakati pawo zisinthe voliyumu kuchokera ku ziro kufika pazipita pakusintha kumodzi;
• plunger mapampu amtundu wa slide sapezeka kawirikawiri, chifukwa kulondola komanso kutayika kochepa sikofunikira pano, komanso kuchuluka kwa zida ndizazikulu, kukana kuvala kwa ma plungers ndikotsikanso kuposa ma giya osavuta.

1 - zida zazikulu; 2 - thupi; 3 - njira yopangira mafuta; 4 - zida zoyendetsedwa; 5 - nsonga; 6 - njira yoperekera mafuta ku magawo a injini; 7 - kulekanitsa gawo; 8 - rotor yoyendetsedwa; 9 - chozungulira chachikulu.

Mapampu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mtundu wa rotary, ndi wosavuta, wokhazikika komanso wodalirika kwambiri. Pamakina ena, amatengedwera ku chipika wamba chokhala ndi mitsinje yolinganiza, kupangitsa kuti unyolo uyendetse pakhoma lakutsogolo la injiniyo.

Kupanga ndi ntchito

Pampu imatha kukhala yamakina kapena yamagetsi. Chotsatiracho sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, nthawi zambiri chimapezeka m'makina ovuta a mafuta a injini zamasewera ndi sump youma, pomwe mayunitsi angapo amaikidwa nthawi imodzi.

Nthawi zina, mpope ndi makina chabe ndipo lili ndi mbali zochepa chabe:

• nyumba, nthawi zina mawonekedwe m'malo ovuta, chifukwa ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la crankcase, lili ndi gawo la mafuta, mpando kutsogolo crankshaft chisindikizo mafuta, sensa udindo ndi zomangira;
• galimoto pinion;
• zida zoyendetsedwa, zoyendetsedwa ndi galimoto;
• valve kuchepetsa kuthamanga;
• kudya mafuta ndi fyuluta coarse (ma mesh);
• kusindikiza ma gaskets pakati pa zigawo za nyumbayo ndi kulumikizidwa kwake ndi chipika cha silinda.

1 - pompa; 2 - chimbudzi; 3 - wolandira mafuta; 4 - gasket pallet; 5 - khungu; 6 - crankshaft sensor.

Ntchitoyi imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yoperekera mafuta mosalekeza ndi mphamvu yomwe imatsimikiziridwa ndi liwiro la kuzungulira kwa crankshaft.

Chiŵerengero cha magiya a galimoto ndi geometry ya jakisoni amasankhidwa m'njira yoti apereke kupanikizika kocheperako komwe kuli koipitsitsa, ndiye kuti, ndi mafuta otentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwakukulu kovomerezeka kudzera m'magawo owonongeka a injini.

Ngati kuthamanga kwa mafuta kumatsikabe, izi zikutanthauza kuti mipata mu dongosolo ili kunja, palibe ntchito yokwanira, injini imafunika kukonzanso kwakukulu. Chizindikiro chofiira chofananira chimayatsa pa gulu lowonetsera.

Momwe mungayang'anire mpope wamafuta

Gawo lokhalo loti liwunikidwe popanda kugwetsa ndi kuthamanga kwamafuta mudongosolo. Pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, makina ena amakhala ndi chizindikiro choyimba ndikuwonetsa kupanikizika kochepera kovomerezeka kopanda ntchito ndi mafuta otentha. Sensa yowongolera nyali imayikidwa pamtunda womwewo, ichi ndi chizindikiro chadzidzidzi, chifukwa chake chimakhala ndi mtundu wofiira.

Kupanikizika kumatha kuyeza ndi manometer akunja, komwe kumayikidwa m'malo mwa sensor. Ngati zowerengera zake sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe zimachitika, ndiye kuti injiniyo iyenera kusokonezedwa mulimonse, chifukwa cha kuvala kwanthawi zonse kapena kulephera kwa mpope. Pamagalimoto ena, kuyendetsa kumatha kudulidwa, koma tsopano izi ndizosowa kwambiri.

Kuzindikira ndikuyika m'malo mwa OIL PUMP VAZ classic (LADA 2101-07)

Pampu yochotsedwa imaphwanyidwa, ndipo chikhalidwe chake chimawunikidwa mwatsatanetsatane. Nthawi zambiri, kuvala kwa mano a rotor ndi magiya, kusewera kwa axle, mabowo osweka m'nyumba, kuwonongeka kwa valve yochepetsera kuthamanga, ngakhale kutsekeka kwake kosavuta kumawonedwa. Ngati kuvala kuzindikirika, msonkhano wa pampu umasinthidwa ndi watsopano.

malfunctions

Vuto lalikulu pakuthana ndi mavuto omwe adayambitsa kutayika kwamphamvu kudzakhala kulekanitsa kuvala kwa mpope ndi mota yonse. Pafupifupi palibe kutaya konse komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mpope wokha. Izi zikhoza kuchitika kokha pambuyo pokonzanso kosaphunzira, pamene pampu yowonongeka molakwika siinasinthidwe.

Nthawi zina, vuto ndi kuvala kwa ma liner, shafts, turbine, zowongolera zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi kuthamanga kwamafuta, ndi zolakwika m'mizere ya jakisoni. Injini imatumizidwa kukonzanso, pomwe pampu yamafuta imasinthidwanso. Zinganenedwe kuti palibe zovuta zenizeni zomwe zikuwonedwa pano.

Kupatulapo kungakhale pakuwonongeka kwa galimoto ndi kutsekeka kwa valve ndi chophimba cholimba. Koma zitha kuganiziridwa kuti kuwonongeka kwa mpope kumangotengera.

Kupewa zovuta ndikusunga dongosolo lopaka mafuta kukhala loyera. Mafuta ayenera kusinthidwa kawiri monga momwe malangizo amaperekera, osagwiritsa ntchito magiredi otsika mtengo ndi zinthu zabodza, komanso m'mainjini omwe ali ndi mbiri yakale, prophylactically chotsani poto yamafuta ndikuyeretsa dothi ndi madipoziti potsuka chopondera chamafuta.