Kodi batire ya lithiamu ion pagalimoto yamagetsi imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Titawona m'nkhani ina ntchito ya batire yotsogolera yomwe magalimoto onse ali nayo, tiyeni tsopano tiwone mfundo yoyendetsera galimoto yamagetsi makamaka batri yake ya lithiamu ...

Kalonga

Mofanana ndi mtundu uliwonse wa batri, mfundoyi imakhala yofanana: ndiyo, kupanga mphamvu (pano magetsi) chifukwa cha mankhwala kapena ngakhale magetsi, chifukwa chemistry nthawi zonse imakhala pafupi ndi magetsi. Ndipotu, ma atomu okha amapangidwa ndi magetsi: awa ndi ma electron omwe amazungulira nyukiliyasi ndipo mwanjira ina amapanga "chipolopolo" cha atomu, kapena ngakhale "khungu" lake. Podziwanso kuti ma elekitironi aulere ndi zidutswa za khungu zomwe zimathera nthawi yawo zikuyenda kuchokera ku atomu imodzi kupita ku ina (popanda kumangiriza izo), izi zimangokhala pazinthu zopangira ma conductive (malingana ndi chiwerengero cha zigawo za ma electron ndi chiwerengero cha ma electron. pa projectile yomaliza).

Kenako timatenga "chikopa" kuchokera ku ma atomu (motero magetsi ake ena) kudzera munjira yamankhwala kuti apange magetsi.

zoyambira

Choyamba, pali mitengo iwiri (electrodes) yomwe timayitcha cathode (+ terminal: mu lithiamu-cobalt oxide) ndi anode (pothera -: kaboni). Iliyonse mwamitengoyi imapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimasokoneza ma elekitironi (-) kapena kukopa (+). Zonse zasefukira ma elekitirodi zomwe zidzatheketsa kusintha kwa mankhwala (kutengera zinthu kuchokera ku anode kupita ku cathode) chifukwa cha kubadwa kwa magetsi. Chotchinga chimayikidwa pakati pa maelekitirodi awiriwa (anode ndi cathode) kuti apewe mabwalo amfupi.

Chonde dziwani kuti batire ili ndi maselo angapo, omwe amapangidwa ndi zomwe zimawoneka pazithunzi. Ngati, mwachitsanzo, ndikuunjikira ma cell a 2 volts, ndidzakhala ndi ma volts 2 okha pakutulutsa kwa batri. Kuti muyambe kuyendetsa galimoto yolemera makilogalamu mazana angapo, ganizirani kuchuluka kwa maselo omwe amafunikira ...

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pamalo otayiramo zinyalala?

Kumanja kuli maatomu a lithiamu. Amawonetsedwa mwatsatanetsatane, ndi mtima wachikasu womwe umayimira ma protoni ndi mtima wobiriwira womwe umayimira ma elekitironi omwe akuzungulira.

Batire ikadzakwana, maatomu onse a lithiamu amakhala kumbali ya anode (-). Ma atomu awa amapangidwa ndi phata (wopangidwa ndi mapulotoni angapo), omwe ali ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya 3, ndi ma elekitironi, kukhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya 3 (1 yonse, chifukwa 3 X 3 = 1). ... Choncho, atomu ndi wokhazikika ndi 3 zabwino ndi 3 zoipa (sikukopa kapena kupotoza ma elekitironi).

Timachotsa electron kuchokera ku lithiamu, yomwe imakhala ndi ziwiri zokha: ndiye imakopeka + ndikudutsa kugawa.

Ndikalumikizana pakati pa + ndi - ma terminals (kotero ndikagwiritsa ntchito batri), ma elekitironi amasuntha kuchoka pa - terminal kupita ku + terminal motsatira waya wamagetsi kunja kwa batire. Komabe, ma elekitironi awa amachokera ku "tsitsi" la maatomu a lithiamu! Kwenikweni, mwa ma elekitironi 3 amene akuzungulira mozungulira, 1 imang’ambika ndipo atomuyo ili ndi 2 yokha yotsala. Onaninso kuti atomu ya lithiamu imakhala lithiamu ion + chifukwa tsopano ndi zabwino (3 - 2 = 1 / phata ndi ofunika 3 ndi ma elekitironi ndi 2, popeza tinataya mmodzi. Kuwonjezera amapereka 1, osati 0 monga kale. Choncho salinso ndale).

Zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusalinganika (pambuyo pa kuswa ma electron kuti mupeze zamakono) zidzachititsa kutumiza lithiamu ion + kupita ku cathode (terminal +) kudutsa khoma lopangidwa kuti lizipatula chilichonse. Pamapeto pake, ma electron ndi ayoni + amatha kumbali +.

Pamapeto pa zomwe zimachitika, batire imatulutsidwa. Tsopano pali malire pakati pa + ndi - - terminals, zomwe tsopano zimalepheretsa magetsi. Kwenikweni, mfundo ndikulimbikitsa kukhumudwa pamlingo wamankhwala / magetsi kuti mupange magetsi. Tikhoza kuganiza za izi ngati mtsinje, pamene umakhala wotsetsereka, m'pamenenso mphamvu ya madzi oyenda imakhala yofunika kwambiri. Kumbali ina, ngati mtsinjewo uli wathyathyathya, sudzayendanso, kutanthauza kuti batire yakufa.

Kuchangitsa?

Kubwezeretsanso kumaphatikizapo kubweza njirayo pobaya ma elekitironi mbali ina - ndikuchotsa zambiri ndi kuyamwa (zili ngati kubwezeretsa madzi a mumtsinje kuti agwiritsenso ntchito madzi ake). Chifukwa chake, chilichonse chomwe chili mu batri chimabwezeretsedwa monga momwe chidaliri chisanatulutsidwe.

Kwenikweni, tikatulutsa, timagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, ndipo tikamawonjezera, timabwezera zinthu zoyambirira (koma chifukwa chake mumafunikira mphamvu ndiyeno malo opangira).

Valani?

Mabatire a lithiamu amatha msanga kuposa mabatire abwino akale a asidi otsogolera omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto athu kwazaka zambiri. Electrolyte imakhala ndi chizolowezi chowola, monga ma elekitirodi (anode ndi cathode), koma ziyenera kuganiziridwanso kuti mawonekedwe a deposit pa maelekitirodi, omwe amachepetsa kusamutsidwa kwa ayoni kuchokera mbali imodzi kupita ku ina ... Zida zapadera amakulolani kuti mubwezeretse mabatire omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito powatulutsa m'njira yapadera.

Chiwerengero cha zotheka mkombero (kutulutsa + zonse recharge) akuti pafupifupi 1000-1500, kotero kuti ndi theka mkombero pamene recharging kuchokera 50 kuti 100% m'malo 0 mpaka 100%. KUtentha kumawononganso kwambiri mabatire a lithiamu-ion, omwe amakonda kutentha akatulutsa mphamvu zambiri.

Onaninso: Momwe mungasungire batri mugalimoto yanga yamagetsi?

Mphamvu ya injini ndi batire ...

Mosiyana ndi chojambula chamafuta, mphamvu sizimakhudzidwa ndi thanki yamafuta. Ngati muli ndi injini ya 400 hp, ndiye kuti kukhala ndi tank 10 lita sikudzakulepheretsani kupeza 400 hp, ngakhale kwa nthawi yochepa kwambiri ... Kwa galimoto yamagetsi, sizili zofanana! Ngati batire ilibe mphamvu zokwanira, injiniyo sidzatha kuthamanga mokwanira ... Izi ndizochitika ndi mitundu ina yomwe injini siingathe kukankhira mpaka malire ake (pokhapokha ngati mwiniwakeyo akuwombera ndikuwonjezera batire lalikulu la caliber. !).

Tsopano tiyeni tipeze: momwe ELECTRIC MOTOR imagwirira ntchito

Ndemanga zonse ndi mayankho

chatha ndemanga yolemba:

mwao (Tsiku: 2021, 03:03:15)

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• Admin WOTSATIRA MALO (2021-03-03 17:03:50): Ndemanga iyi ndiyabwino kwambiri 😉

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