Kodi galimoto yamagetsi imagwira ntchito bwanji? Gearbox m'galimoto yamagetsi - ilipo kapena ayi? [YANKHA]

Magalimoto amagetsi - amagwira ntchito bwanji? Kodi amakonzedwa bwanji? Kodi mabatire agalimoto yamagetsi ndi olemera? Zokwera mtengo? Kodi gearbox mugalimoto yamagetsi ndi yovuta? Pano pali chidziwitso chachidule cha mutuwo, ubwino wa magalimoto amagetsi ndi zovuta zawo.

Kodi galimoto yamagetsi imagwira ntchito bwanji

Zamkatimu

• Kodi galimoto yamagetsi imagwira ntchito bwanji
• Mabatire a magalimoto amagetsi: mpaka theka la tani pansi, gawo lokwera mtengo kwambiri
  • Kodi mphamvu ya batire imayezedwa ndi mayunitsi ati?
  • Kodi mabatire amagalimoto amagetsi amatha bwanji?
• Injini m'galimoto yamagetsi: mpaka 20 rpm!
• Bokosi lagalimoto yamagetsi: giya imodzi yokha (!)
  • Ma gearbox mumagalimoto amagetsi - angatero?
  • Injini ziwiri m'malo mwa gearbox yamagetsi awiri

Kunja, galimoto yamagetsi sichisiyana kwenikweni ndi galimoto yoyaka moto yamkati. Mutha kuzindikira izi chifukwa ilibe chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya ndipo imamveka mosiyana. Izi zikutanthauza: kwenikweni sichimamveka ndipo sichimapanga phokosokupatulapo mluzu wabata wa mota yamagetsi. Nthawi zina (chitsanzo vidiyo):

Magudumu a Tesla P100D + BBS adabedwa!

Kusiyana kwakukulu kumangoyambira ndi chassis. Galimoto yamagetsi ilibe injini yoyaka mkati, bokosi la gear (zambiri pa izi pansipa) ndi makina otulutsa mpweya. M'malo mwa iwo galimoto yamagetsi imakhala ndi mabatire akuluakulu ndi galimoto yaying'ono yamagetsi. Zochepa bwanji? Pafupifupi kukula kwa chivwende. Mu BMW i3 zikuwoneka motere:

Mapangidwe a BMW i3, okhala ndi mabatire atagona mbali ndi mbali ndi mota yaying'ono yoyendetsa mawilo akumbuyo, ndi mbiya yonyezimira kumbuyo, komwe mawaya alalanje amatsogolera (c) BMW.

Mabatire a magalimoto amagetsi: mpaka theka la tani pansi, gawo lokwera mtengo kwambiri

Mabatire akuluakulu, okwera mtengo kwambiri, komanso olemera kwambiri m'galimoto yamagetsi ndi mabatire. Ichi ndi analogue yovuta ya thanki yapamwamba yamafuta, yomwe imasunga mphamvu zomwe zimapangidwa mwachindunji pamagetsi. Ndizovuta kulingalira zoyendera zosavuta: zimayambira pa turbine yamagetsi amagetsi ndikuyenda pa chingwe molunjika ku chitsulo, kompyuta kapena galimoto yamagetsi.

Kodi mabatire a galimoto yamagetsi ndi aakulu bwanji? Amakhala pa chassis yonse. Zokwera bwanji? Mtengo wa zida zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi ndi pafupifupi PLN 30. Cholemetsa chotere? Pamaola 15 aliwonse a kilowatt, mphamvu ya batri lero ili pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 2017 mu 100, kuphatikiza chiboliboli ndi zida zozizirira / zotenthetsera.

Kodi mphamvu ya batire imayezedwa ndi mayunitsi ati?

Koma ndendende "maola-kilowatt" - mayunitsi awa ndi chiyani? Chabwino, mphamvu ya batire imayesedwa mu mayunitsi a mphamvu, ndiko kuti, kilowatt-hours (kWh). Iwo sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi gawo la mphamvu (kilo) Watts (kW). Timadziwa mayunitsi amagetsiwa kuchokera kumabilu athu amagetsi, omwe timalipira pafupifupi miyezi iwiri iliyonse.

Cross gawo la m'badwo wam'mbuyo Nissan Leaf. Kumanja kuli kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo, pali soketi yopangira. Injini ili pakati pa mawilo (wakuda chubu pansi pa mawaya lalanje), ndipo mabatire ali pafupi ndi mawilo kumbuyo kwa galimoto (c) Nissan.

Panyumba wamba amadya pafupifupi 15 kilowatt-maola a mphamvu patsiku, ndipo kilowatt-ola lililonse ndalama zosaposa 60 cents. Pafupifupi mphamvu zomwezo zimadyedwa ndi woyendetsa ndalama wagalimoto yamagetsi - koma kwa makilomita 100.

> Momwe mungasinthire maola a kilowatt (kWh) yamagetsi amagetsi amagetsi kukhala malita amafuta?

Mabatire: 150 mpaka 500 makilogalamu

Mabatire ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zolemera kwambiri mu galimoto yamagetsi. Amalemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 150 mpaka 500 (theka la tani!). Mwachitsanzo, mabatire a Tesla Model 3 okhala ndi mphamvu yopitilira ma kilowatt-maola 80 amalemera ma kilogalamu 480 - ndipo Tesla ndi mtsogoleri pakukhathamiritsa kulemera!

Mabatire (pakati) ndi injini (kumbuyo) mu Tesla Model 3 (c) Tesla

Kodi mabatire amagalimoto amagetsi amatha bwanji?

Magalimoto opangidwa mu 2018 ali ndi mabatire okhala ndi mphamvu kuchokera ku 30 (Hyundai Ioniq Electric) mpaka pafupifupi ma kilowatt-maola 60 (Opel Ampera E, Hyundai Kona 2018) komanso kuyambira 75 mpaka 100 kilowatt-maola (Tesla, Jaguar I-Pace, Audi e - tron ​​​​Quattro). Nthawi zambiri: kukula kwa batire, kumapangitsanso kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi, ndipo pa ma kilowati 20 aliwonse a mphamvu ya batire, muyenera kuyendetsa osachepera makilomita 100.

> Magalimoto amagetsi a 2017 okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri pamtengo umodzi [TOP 20 RATING]

Injini m'galimoto yamagetsi: mpaka 20 rpm!

Injini yamagalimoto yamagetsi ndi njira yosavuta, yodziwika kwa zaka zopitilira 100, yopangidwa ndi woyambitsa wobadwa ku Serbia Nikola Tesla. Zoyipa kwambiri, mota yamagetsi imakhala ndi magawo khumi ndi awiri, ndipo injini yamoto yoyaka mkati imakhala ndi khumi ndi awiri. chikwi!

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito galimoto yamagetsi ndi yophweka kwambiri: magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa iwo, omwe amayendetsa (kuzungulira). Kukwera kwamagetsi, kumathamanga kwambiri.

Tesla motor yokhala ndi gearbox ili mu chubu chasiliva. Bokosi la gear lili pansi pa nyumba yoyera ndi imvi, yomwe liwiro la injini limaperekedwa ku shaft ndi mawilo. Chojambula chofotokozera (c) Zolemba zaukadaulo

Galimoto yamafuta ambiri imakhala ndi sikelo ya tachometer kuchokera ku 0 mpaka 7 rpm, pafupifupi galimoto ya dizilo imakhala ndi liwiro la 000 rpm. Munda wofiira, kusonyeza kuopsa kwa injini kulephera, amayamba kale, pa 5-000 zikwi rpm.

Panthawiyi, ma motors mu magalimoto amagetsi akufika ngakhale masauzande angapo rpm. Nthawi yomweyo, amatha kuchita bwino kwambiri chifukwa nthawi zambiri amasintha mphamvu yopitilira 90 peresenti ya mphamvu zomwe zimaperekedwa kuti ziziyenda - m'mainjini oyatsira mkati, kuchita bwino kwa 40 peresenti ndikopambana kwakukulu, komwe kumatheka kokha ndi luso linalake. -magalimoto opangira.

> Kodi galimoto yamagetsi imagwira ntchito bwanji? ABB yafika 99,05%

Kodi galimoto yamagetsi imagwira ntchito bwanji? | | Tesla Model S

Bokosi lagalimoto yamagetsi: giya imodzi yokha (!)

Chinthu chochititsa chidwi kwambiri cha magalimoto amakono amagetsi ndi ma transmissions, omwe ... palibe. Inde, Magalimoto amagetsi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi giya imodzi (kuphatikiza chosinthira, ndiye kuti, chomwe chimapezedwa pomwe voteji imayikidwa kumbuyo). Galimoto imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mawilo ndi zida zophweka kwambiri zomwe zimachepetsa kuthamanga kwa galimoto mumtundu wa 8-10: 1. Choncho, kusintha kwa 8-10 kwa shaft shaft ndi 1 kusinthika kwathunthu kwa mawilo. Kutumiza kotereku nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi magiya atatu omwe amalumikizana pafupipafupi:

Chifukwa chiyani magalimoto amagetsi amakhala ndi giya imodzi yokha? Zikuoneka kuti opanga makinawo sanafune kuwonjezera kulemera kwa makinawo ndikupangitsa moyo kukhala wovuta kwa iwo okha. Ma motors amagetsi amapanga torque yayikulu kwambiri kuyambira pachiyambi, yomwe imafunikira magiya okhuthala komanso olimba. Pankhaniyi, kutsinde ya galimoto magetsi akhoza atembenuza ngakhale pa liwiro la 300 zosintha pa sekondi (!).

Zonsezi zikutanthauza kuti gearbox mu galimoto magetsi ayenera kukhala wamphamvu kwambiri, pamene pa nthawi yomweyo ayenera kusintha magiya zana la sekondi, amene kwambiri kumawonjezera mtengo wa galimoto yamagetsi.

Ma gearbox mumagalimoto amagetsi - angatero?

Ndipotu iwo ali kale kumeneko. Chithunzi chomwe mukuchiwona pamwambapa ndi gawo lalikulu la njira yotumizira ma liwiro awiri pagalimoto yamagetsi. Rimac Concept One imagwiritsa ntchito maulendo awiri-liwiro (kotero gearbox ili kale, ndiko kuti, ma gearbox!). Ma prototypes oyamba a kufala kwa ma liwiro atatu amawonekeranso.

izi ma gearbox agalimoto yamagetsi ndizofunika chifukwa, kumbali imodzi, amalola kuti galimotoyo ifulumire mofulumira, ndipo kumbali ina, poyendetsa galimoto pamsewu, amalola injini kuyendayenda pang'onopang'ono (= kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zochepa), i.e. amawonjezera liwiro la injini. mtunda wamagalimoto.

Injini ziwiri m'malo mwa gearbox yamagetsi awiri

Masiku ano, Tesla wathana ndi vuto la kusowa kwa ma gearbox mwanjira yake: magalimoto okhala ndi injini ziwiri amakhala ndi ma transmissions osiyanasiyana ndipo, nthawi zambiri, injini ziwiri zosiyana kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Ekseli yakumbuyo imatha kukhala yamphamvu komanso kukhala ndi magiya apamwamba kwambiri (mwachitsanzo 9: 1) kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino torque ndikufulumizitsa galimotoyo. Kutsogolo, nawonso, kumatha kukhala kofooka (= kuwononga mphamvu zochepa) ndikukhala ndi magiya otsika (mwachitsanzo 7,5: 1) kuti muchepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pamtunda wautali.

Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi pafupifupi ndipo zimadalira kwambiri mtundu ndi chitsanzo cha galimotoyo. Koma kusiyana kwake kumaonekera. Mwachitsanzo, Tesla Model S 75 ali osiyanasiyana makilomita 401 okha, pamene Tesla Model S 75D ("D" kwa onse gudumu pagalimoto Baibulo) ali kale osiyanasiyana makilomita 417:

> Tania Tesla S abweranso kudzapereka. S 75 ikugulitsidwa 2018

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