Kodi galimoto yamagetsi imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Iwalani za pistoni, ma gearbox ndi malamba: galimoto yamagetsi ilibe. Magalimoto amenewa amathamanga mosavuta kuposa galimoto yoyendera dizilo kapena petulo. Automobile-Propre imalongosola makina awo mwatsatanetsatane.

Maonekedwe, galimoto yamagetsi ndi yofanana ndi galimoto ina iliyonse. Muyenera kuyang'ana pansi pa hood, komanso pansi, kuti muwone kusiyana. M'malo mwa injini yoyaka mkati yogwiritsa ntchito kutentha ngati mphamvu, imagwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Kuti timvetsetse sitepe ndi sitepe momwe galimoto yamagetsi imagwirira ntchito, tidzatsata njira yamagetsi kuchokera pa gridi ya anthu kupita ku gudumu.

Kubwezeretsanso

Zonse zimayamba ndi recharging. Kuti muwonjezere mafuta, galimotoyo iyenera kulumikizidwa m'bokosi la khoma kapena potengerapo. Kulumikizana kumapangidwa ndi chingwe chokhala ndi zolumikizira zoyenera. Pali angapo a iwo, lolingana ndi ankafuna kulipiritsa mode. Pakulipiritsa kunyumba, kuntchito, kapena malo ocheperako anthu, nthawi zambiri mumagwiritsa ntchito chingwe chanu cha Type 2. Chingwe chimamangiriridwa ku ma terminals omwe amatha kuchotsedwa mwachangu omwe amakwaniritsa miyezo iwiri: European "Combo CCS" ndi "Chademo" yaku Japan. Zingawoneke zovuta poyamba, koma zoona zimakhala zosavuta mukazolowera. Palibe chiwopsezo cha zolakwika: zolumikizira zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndipo chifukwa chake sizingalowetsedwe molakwika.

Mukalumikizidwa, magetsi osinthira (AC) omwe amazungulira mumsewu wogawa amayenda kudzera pa chingwe chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndigalimoto. Amapanga macheke angapo kudzera pakompyuta yake yomwe ili pa bolodi. Makamaka, zimatsimikizira kuti zamakono ndi zabwino, zimayikidwa bwino komanso kuti gawo la pansi ndi lokwanira kuti zitsimikizire kuti kubwezeretsedwa kotetezeka. Ngati zonse zili bwino, galimotoyo imadutsa magetsi kudzera mu chinthu choyamba chomwe chili pa bolodi: chosinthira, chomwe chimatchedwanso "chaja pa bolodi".

Renault Zoé Combo CCS yojambulira doko lokhazikika.

Converter

Thupi ili limasintha ma alternating current of mains kukhala Direct current (DC). Zowonadi, mabatire amasunga mphamvu mwachindunji. Kuti mupewe sitepe iyi ndikufulumizitsa kuyitanitsa, ma terminals ena pawokha amasintha magetsi kuti apereke mphamvu ya DC molunjika ku batri. Izi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "zachangu" komanso "zothamanga kwambiri" za DC, zofanana ndi zomwe zimapezeka kumakwerero amoto. Malo okwera mtengo komanso ovuta awa sanapangidwe kuti akhazikitsidwe m'nyumba yaumwini.

Battery

Mu batire, yapano imagawidwa m'magawo ake. Amabwera ngati milu yaying'ono kapena matumba osonkhanitsidwa pamodzi. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yosungidwa ndi batire kumawonetsedwa mu kilowatt-hours (kWh), yomwe ili yofanana ndi "lita" ya thanki yamafuta. Kuthamanga kwa magetsi kapena mphamvu kumawonetsedwa mu kilowatts "kW". Opanga atha kunena kuti "ntchito" ndi / kapena "mwadzina" mphamvu. Ndizosavuta: Kutha kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe galimoto imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa zothandiza ndi mwadzina kumapereka chitsogozo chotalikitsa moyo wa batri.

Chitsanzo choti mumvetsetse: Batire la 50 kWh lomwe lili ndi mphamvu ya 10 kW litha kuyitanidwanso mkati mwa maola asanu. Chifukwa chiyani "mozungulira"? Popeza ili pamwamba pa 5%, mabatire amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga. Mofanana ndi botolo lamadzi limene mumadzaza pampopi, muyenera kuchepetsa kutuluka kwake kuti musamenyedwe.

Zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa mu batire zimatumizidwa ku injini imodzi kapena zingapo zamagetsi. Kuzungulira kumachitika ndi rotor ya mota motengera mphamvu ya maginito yomwe idapangidwa mu stator (static coil ya mota). Asanafike pamawilo, kusunthako nthawi zambiri kumadutsa mu bokosi la gear lokhazikika kuti liwongolere liwiro lozungulira.

Kufala kwa matenda

Choncho, galimoto yamagetsi ilibe gearbox. Izi si zofunika, chifukwa galimoto magetsi akhoza ntchito popanda mavuto pa liwiro mpaka masauzande angapo kusintha pa mphindi. Imazungulira molunjika, mosiyana ndi injini yotentha, yomwe imayenera kutembenuza mizere yozungulira ya pistoni kukhala yozungulira yozungulira kudzera mu crankshaft. Ndizomveka kuti galimoto yamagetsi imakhala ndi magawo ochepa kwambiri osuntha kuposa locomotive dizilo. Sichifuna mafuta a injini, ilibe lamba wanthawi yake ndipo chifukwa chake imafuna kukonza pang'ono.

Regenerative braking

Ubwino wina wa magalimoto oyendera mabatire ndikuti amatha kupanga magetsi. Izi zimatchedwa "regenerative braking" kapena "B mode". Zowonadi, injini yamagetsi ikazungulira "pa vacuum" popanda kutulutsa zamakono, imapanga. Izi zimachitika nthawi iliyonse mukachotsa phazi lanu pa accelerator kapena brake pedal. Mwanjira imeneyi, mphamvu yobwezeretsedwa imalowetsedwa mwachindunji mu batri.

Mitundu yaposachedwa ya EV imaperekanso mitundu yosankha mphamvu ya brake yosinthika iyi. Mu mode pazipita, mwamphamvu mabuleki galimoto popanda kutsegula zimbale ndi ziyangoyango, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amapulumutsa makilomita angapo a nkhokwe mphamvu. M'magalimoto a dizilo, mphamvu izi zimangowonongeka ndikufulumizitsa kuvala kwa ma braking system.

Dashboard ya galimoto yamagetsi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mita yosonyeza mphamvu ya braking yotsitsimutsa.

Kuswa

Chifukwa chake, kuwonongeka kwaukadaulo wamagalimoto amagetsi sikofala kwambiri. Komabe, zitha kuchitika kuti mutha kutha mphamvu mutadikirira molakwika dalaivala, monga mugalimoto yamafuta kapena dizilo. Pankhaniyi, galimoto imachenjeza pasadakhale kuti mlingo wa batri ndi wotsika, kawirikawiri 5 mpaka 10% otsala. Mauthenga amodzi kapena angapo amawonetsedwa pa dashboard kapena sikirini yapakati ndikudziwitsa wogwiritsa ntchito.

Kutengera ndi mtunduwo, mutha kuyendetsa ma kilomita angapo owonjezera kumalo olipira. Mphamvu za injini nthawi zina zimakhala zocheperako kuti muchepetse kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo motero amakulitsa kuchuluka kwake. Komanso, "kamba mumalowedwe" basi adamulowetsa: galimoto pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa kuima wathunthu. Zizindikiro za pa dashboard zimalimbikitsa dalaivala kupeza malo oti ayime pamene akudikirira galimoto yokoka.

Phunziro laling'ono pamakanika pagalimoto yamagetsi

Kuti zinthu zikhale zosavuta, dziuzeni kuti m'malo mwa injini ya kutentha, galimoto yanu ili ndi injini yamagetsi. Mphamvu iyi ili mu batri.

Mwina mwaona kuti galimoto yamagetsi ilibe clutch. Kuphatikiza apo, dalaivala amangofunika kukanikiza chowongolera kuti apeze mphamvu yanthawi zonse. Direct current imasinthidwa kukhala alternating current chifukwa cha zochita za converter. Ndizomwe zimapanganso gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi kudzera pa koyilo yamkuwa yosuntha ya injini.

Galimoto yanu ili ndi maginito amodzi kapena angapo okhazikika. Amatsutsa mphamvu yawo ya maginito kumunda wa koyilo, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti aziyenda ndikupangitsa injiniyo kuthamanga.

Madalaivala odziwa bwino mwina adazindikira kuti panalibenso gearbox. M'galimoto yamagetsi, iyi ndi chitsulo cha injini, chomwe, popanda mkhalapakati, chimaphatikizapo ma axles a mawilo oyendetsa galimoto. Choncho, galimoto safuna pisitoni.

Pomaliza, kuti "zida" zonsezi zigwirizane bwino, makompyuta omwe ali pa bolodi amayang'ana ndikusintha mphamvu zomwe zapangidwa. Choncho, malingana ndi momwe zinthu zilili, injini ya galimoto yanu imasintha mphamvu zake molingana ndi chiŵerengero cha kusintha kwa mphindi imodzi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa poyerekeza ndi magalimoto oyatsa.

Kulipiritsa: pomwe zonse zimayambira

Kuti galimoto yanu izitha kuyendetsa galimoto yanu, muyenera kuyiyika pamagetsi kapena poyatsira. Izi zikhoza kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe chokhala ndi zolumikizira zoyenera. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoti igwirizane ndi ma charger osiyanasiyana. Ngati mukufuna kupeza galimoto yanu yatsopano kunyumba, kuntchito, kapena potengera anthu onse, mufunika cholumikizira cha Type 2. Gwiritsani ntchito chingwe cha "Combo CCS" kapena "Chedemo" kuti mugwiritse ntchito materminal othamanga.

Panthawi yolipira, mphamvu yamagetsi yosinthira imayenda kudzera mu chingwe. Galimoto yanu imadutsa macheke angapo:

• Mufunika mphamvu yapamwamba komanso yokonzedwa bwino;
• Kuyika pansi kuyenera kupereka ndalama zotetezeka.

Pambuyo poyang'ana mfundo ziwirizi, galimotoyo imapereka chilolezo kuti magetsi azidutsa mu converter.

Udindo wofunikira wa chosinthira mugalimoto yamapulagi

Chosinthira "chimasintha" ma alternating apano omwe akuyenda kudzera pa terminal kukhala pakali pano. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa mabatire a EV amatha kusunga DC wapano. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti mutha kupeza ma terminals omwe amasintha mwachindunji AC kukhala DC. Amatumiza "chinthu" chawo mwachindunji ku batri yagalimoto yanu. Malo othamangitsirawa amapereka kuthamanga kapena kuthamanga kwambiri, kutengera mtundu wake. Kumbali ina, ngati mutadzikonzekeretsa nokha ndi ma terminals kuti mupereke galimoto yanu yatsopano yamagetsi, dziwani kuti ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri komanso ochititsa chidwi, choncho amaikidwa, mulimonse, panthawiyi m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri (mwachitsanzo. , mwachitsanzo, malo osangalalira pamisewu yayikulu).

Mitundu iwiri ya injini yamagalimoto yamagetsi

Galimoto yamagetsi imatha kukhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya ma motor: motor synchronous motor kapena asynchronous motor.

Galimoto ya asynchronous imapanga mphamvu ya maginito ikazungulira. Kuti achite izi, amadalira stator, yomwe imalandira magetsi. Pankhaniyi, rotor nthawi zonse imazungulira. The asynchronous motor imayikidwa makamaka m'magalimoto omwe amayenda maulendo ataliatali ndikuyenda mothamanga kwambiri.

Mu motor induction motor, rotor yokha imatenga udindo wa electromagnet. Choncho, izo zimapanga mphamvu ya maginito. Kuthamanga kwa rotor kumatengera kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimalandiridwa ndi injini. Ndiwo mtundu wa injini yoyenera yoyendetsa mzinda, kuyima pafupipafupi komanso kuyamba pang'onopang'ono.

Battery, magetsi galimoto magetsi

Batire ilibe malita ochepa a petulo, koma ma kilowatt-maola (kWh). Mphamvu yomwe batire ingapereke imawonetsedwa mu kilowatts (kW).

Batire ya magalimoto onse amagetsi imakhala ndi masauzande a maselo. Pamene zamakono zidutsa mwa iwo, zimagawidwa pakati pa zikwizikwi za zigawozi. Kuti ndikupatseni lingaliro lachindunji la maselowa, aganizireni ngati milu kapena matumba olumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake.

Mphamvu ikadutsa mu batire, imatumizidwa ku mota yamagetsi yagalimoto yanu. Panthawiyi, stator imawona mphamvu ya maginito yopangidwa. Ndi yotsirizira yomwe imayendetsa rotor ya injini. Mosiyana ndi injini yotentha, imasindikiza kuyenda kwake pamawilo. Kutengera mtundu wagalimoto, imatha kutumiza kumayendedwe ake kumawilo kudzera mu gearbox. Ili ndi lipoti limodzi lokha, lomwe limawonjezera liwiro lake lozungulira. Ndi iye amene amapeza chiŵerengero chabwino kwambiri pakati pa torque ndi liwiro lozungulira. Zabwino kudziwa: kuthamanga kwa rotor mwachindunji kumadalira kuchuluka kwazomwe zikuyenda kudzera mugalimoto.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri, dziwani kuti mabatire atsopano omwe amatha kuchangidwa amagwiritsa ntchito lithiamu. Mtundu wagalimoto yamagetsi umachokera ku 150 mpaka 200 km. Mabatire atsopano (lithiamu-mpweya, lithiamu-sulfure, etc.) adzawonjezera kwambiri mphamvu ya batri ya magalimotowa pazaka zingapo zotsatira.

Momwe mungasinthire mawonekedwe agalimoto yanu yamagetsi popanda gearbox?

Galimoto yamtunduwu ili ndi injini yomwe imatha kuzungulira masauzande angapo pa mphindi imodzi! Chifukwa chake, simufunika gearbox kuti musinthe liwiro loyenda.

Injini yagalimoto yamagetsi yonse imatumiza kuzungulira kumagudumu.

Zomwe muyenera kukumbukira za batri ya lithiamu-ion?

Ngati mukuganizira mozama kugula galimoto yamagetsi, nazi zina zofunika zokhudza mabatire a lithiamu-ion.

Ubwino umodzi wa batire iyi ndi kutsika kwake kodziletsa. Zowona, izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati simugwiritsa ntchito galimoto yanu kwa chaka chimodzi, idzataya zosakwana 10% za mphamvu zake zonyamula.

Ubwino winanso waukulu: batire yamtunduwu ndiyopanda kukonza. Kumbali inayi, iyenera kukhala ndi zida zoteteza ndi kuwongolera, BMS.

Nthawi yoyitanitsa mabatire imatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu ndi mtundu wagalimoto yanu. Chifukwa chake, kuti mudziwe kuti galimoto yanu ikhala yolumikizidwa kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji, yang'anani kuchuluka kwa batri yake komanso kuyitanitsa komwe mumasankha. Mtengowo utenga pafupifupi maola 10. Konzekeranitu ndikuyembekezera!

Ngati simukufuna kapena mulibe nthawi yokonzekera pasadakhale, gwirizanitsani galimoto yanu kumalo opangira ndalama kapena bokosi la khoma: nthawi yolipira idzadulidwa pakati!

Njira inanso kwa iwo omwe ali mwachangu: sankhani "malipiro achangu" pamtengo wokwanira: galimoto yanu ilipidwa mpaka 80% m'mphindi 30 zokha!

Zabwino kudziwa: Nthawi zambiri, mabatire agalimoto amakhala pansi. Mphamvu zawo zimachokera ku 15 mpaka 100 kWh.

Chodabwitsa cha Galimoto Yamagetsi Yamagetsi

Mwina simukudziwa, koma kuyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga magetsi! Opanga magalimoto apatsa magalimoto awo amagetsi ndi "mphamvu zazikulu": injini yanu ikatha magetsi (monga ngati phazi lanu lichotsedwa pa accelerator pedal kapena mukathyoka), zimatero! Mphamvu izi zimapita ku batri yanu.

Magalimoto onse amakono amagetsi ali ndi mitundu ingapo yomwe imalola madalaivala awo kusankha mphamvu imodzi kapena ina ya braking regenerative.

Kodi mumatchaja bwanji magalimoto obiriwira atsopanowa?

Kodi mumakhala m'nyumba yaying'ono? Pankhaniyi, mukhoza kulipira galimoto kunyumba.

Limbani galimoto yanu kunyumba

Kuti mulipiritsire galimoto yanu kunyumba, tengani chingwe chomwe chinagulitsidwa ndi galimoto yanu ndikuchiyika pamagetsi okhazikika. Yemwe mumazolowera kulipiritsa foni yanu yam'manja idzachita! Komabe, dziwani za chiopsezo chomwe chingathe kutenthedwa. The amperage nthawi zambiri amangokhala 8 kapena 10A kupewa ngozi iliyonse. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mukufuna ndalama zonse kuti EV yanu yaying'ono ikhale ikuyenda, ndi bwino kuyikonza kuti iyatse usiku. Izi ndichifukwa choti kutsika kwapano kumabweretsa nthawi yayitali yolipiritsa.

Njira ina: ikani bokosi la khoma. Zimawononga pakati pa € ​​​​500 ndi € 1200, koma mutha kupempha ngongole ya msonkho ya 30%. Mudzalipira mwachangu komanso kupitilira apo (pafupifupi 16A).

Limbani galimoto yanu pamalo ofikira anthu onse

Ngati mumakhala m'nyumba, simungathe kulumikiza galimoto yanu kunyumba, kapena mukuyenda, mukhoza kulumikiza galimoto yanu kumalo opangira anthu. Mupeza zonse m'mapulogalamu apadera kapena pa intaneti. Dziwitsanitu kuti mungafunike khadi lolowera pa kiosk loperekedwa ndi mtundu kapena gulu lomwe layika kiosk yomwe ikufunsidwa.

Mphamvu yotumizira motero nthawi yolipira imasiyananso kutengera zida zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi mitundu yamagetsi ingalephereke?

Magalimoto obiriwirawa alinso ndi mwayi wosweka pang'ono. Ndizomveka, popeza ali ndi zigawo zochepa!

Komabe, magalimotowa amatha kuzimitsa magetsi. Zoonadi, ponena za magalimoto a petulo kapena dizilo, ngati simukuyembekezera "mafuta" okwanira mu "tanki" yanu, galimoto yanu sichitha kupita patsogolo!

Galimoto yanu yamagetsi yonse idzakutumizirani uthenga wochenjeza pamene mulingo wa batri utsika kwambiri. Dziwani kuti muli ndi 5 mpaka 10% ya mphamvu zanu zomwe zatsala! Machenjezo amawonekera pa bolodi kapena sikirini yapakati.

Dziwani kuti mudzakhala (osati) m'mphepete mwa msewu wopanda anthu. Magalimoto oyerawa amatha kukunyamulani kulikonse kuchokera pa 20 mpaka 50 km - ndi nthawi yoti mufike pomwe mukulipiritsa.

Pambuyo pa mtunda uwu, galimoto yanu imachepetsa mphamvu ya injini ndipo muyenera kumverera kutsika pang'onopang'ono. Mukapitiriza kuyendetsa galimoto, mudzawona machenjezo ena. Kenako mawonekedwe a Kamba amatsegulidwa pomwe galimoto yanu yatha. Liwiro lanu lapamwamba silidzapitilira makilomita khumi, ndipo ngati (kwenikweni) simukufuna kukhala m'mphepete mwa msewu wopanda anthu, muyenera kuyimitsa kapena kulipiritsa batire lanu.

Kodi kulipiritsa galimoto yamagetsi ndi ndalama zingati?

Mtengo wowonjezera umatengera zinthu zingapo. Dziwani kuti kulipiritsa galimoto yanu kunyumba kukuwonongerani ndalama zochepa kuposa kulipiritsa pamalo opezeka anthu onse. Tengani Renault Zoé mwachitsanzo. Kulipiritsa ku Europe kudzawononga pafupifupi ma euro 3,71, kapena masenti 4 okha pa kilomita imodzi!

Ndi malo ochezera anthu, yembekezerani mozungulira € 6 kuti mufikire 100 km.

Mupezanso ma terminals 22 kW aulere kwa nthawi yodziwika asanalipidwe.

Okwera mtengo kwambiri mosakayikira ndi masiteshoni a "quick recharge". Izi ndichifukwa choti amafunikira mphamvu zambiri ndipo izi zimafunikira maziko ena. Ngati tipitiliza ndi chitsanzo chathu cha Renault Zoé, 100 km yodziyimira payokha idzakutengerani € 10,15.

Pomaliza, dziwani kuti zonse, galimoto yamagetsi imakutengerani ndalama zochepa poyerekeza ndi locomotive ya dizilo. Pafupifupi, zimatengera ma euro 10 kuyenda 100 km.