Kodi batire yagalimoto yamagetsi imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Batire ya lithiamu-ion imapatsa mphamvu mtundu uliwonse wagalimoto yamagetsi. Kuyambira pachiyambi, idadzikhazikitsa yokha ngati ukadaulo wowunikira pamsika wamagalimoto amagetsi. Zimagwira ntchito bwanji? Akatswiri a IZI ndi netiweki ya EDF akupatsani zidziwitso zatsopano zamagwiritsidwe ntchito, mawonekedwe, zabwino ndi kuipa kwa batire yagalimoto yamagetsi.

Chidule

Kodi batire yagalimoto yamagetsi imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Ngati locomotive imagwiritsa ntchito mafuta kapena dizilo ngati mphamvu, ndiye kuti izi sizikugwira ntchito pamagalimoto amagetsi. Amakhala ndi batri yokhala ndi kudziyimira pawokha kosiyana, komwe kumayenera kulipiritsidwa pamalo opangira.

Galimoto iliyonse yamagetsi imakhala ndi mabatire angapo:

• Batire yowonjezera;
• Ndipo batire la traction.

Kodi udindo wawo ndi wotani komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito?

Batire yowonjezera

Monga chojambula chotenthetsera, galimoto yamagetsi imakhala ndi batri yowonjezera. Batire iyi ya 12V imagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zida zamagalimoto.

Batire iyi imatsimikizira kuti zida zamagetsi zosiyanasiyana zizigwira ntchito moyenera, monga:

• Mawindo amagetsi;
• Wailesi ;
• Masensa osiyanasiyana agalimoto yamagetsi.

Choncho, kulephera kwa batire lothandizira la galimoto yamagetsi kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwina.

Batire yonyamula

Chigawo chapakati cha galimoto yamagetsi, batire loyendetsa, limagwira ntchito yofunikira. Zowonadi, imasunga mphamvu zolipitsidwa pamalo othamangitsira ndipo imapereka mphamvu ku mota yamagetsi poyenda.

Kugwira ntchito kwa batire la traction ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chake chinthu ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodula kwambiri pagalimoto yamagetsi. Mtengo uwu ukulepheretsanso chitukuko cha electromobility padziko lonse lapansi. Ogulitsa ena amapereka mgwirizano wobwereketsa batire pogula galimoto yamagetsi.

Batire ya lithiamu-ion ndiyomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto amagetsi. Chifukwa cha kulimba kwake, magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo, ndiyedi ukadaulo waukadaulo wa opanga ambiri.

Komabe, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabatire pamagalimoto amagetsi:

• batire ya nickel cadmium;
• batire ya nickel-metal hydride;
• Lithium batire;
• Batire ya Li-ion.

Tabu lachidule la maubwino a mabatire osiyanasiyana pamagalimoto amagetsi

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabatire	ubwino
Cadmium nickel	Batire yopepuka yokhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri wautumiki.
Nickel metal hydride	Batire yopepuka yokhala ndi kuipitsidwa kochepa komanso kusungirako mphamvu zambiri.
Lithium	Kuyitanitsa kokhazikika ndikutulutsa. Ma voliyumu apamwamba kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwamphamvu komanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu za volumetric.
Lithium ion	Mphamvu zenizeni komanso za volumetric.

Chidule cha tebulo la kuipa kwa mabatire osiyanasiyana pamagalimoto amagetsi

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabatire	zolakwa
Cadmium nickel	Popeza kuchuluka kwa kawopsedwe ka cadmium ndikokwera kwambiri, zinthuzi sizigwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Nickel metal hydride	Zinthu zake ndi zodula. Dongosolo lozizirira likufunika kuti libwezere kutentha kwa kutentha molingana ndi katundu.
Lithium	Kubwezeretsanso Lithium sikunakwaniritsidwebe. Payenera kukhala kasamalidwe ka magetsi.
Lithium ion	Vuto loyaka moto.

Kuchita kwa batri

Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi imawonetsedwa mu kilowatt (kW). Komano, ola la kilowatt (kWh), limayesa mphamvu zomwe batire yagalimoto yamagetsi imatha kupereka.

Mphamvu ya injini yotentha (yofotokozedwa mu mahatchi) ingafanane ndi mphamvu ya injini yamagetsi, yowonetsedwa mu kW.

Komabe, ngati mukufuna kuyika ndalama mugalimoto yamagetsi yokhala ndi batire yayitali kwambiri, muyenera kutembenukira ku kWh metering.

Moyo wa Battery

Kutengera mtundu wagalimoto yanu yamagetsi, mitundu yake imatha kukhala pafupifupi 100 mpaka 500 km. Zoonadi, batire yotsika ndi yokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta tsiku ndi tsiku galimoto yamagetsi kuyendetsa ana kusukulu kapena kugwira ntchito pafupi. Zoyendera zamtunduwu ndizotsika mtengo.

Kupatula pazithunzi zolowera kapena zapakati, palinso zitsanzo zapamwamba zomwe zimakhala zodula kwambiri. Mtengo wa magalimotowa umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi magwiridwe antchito a batire.

Komabe, mtundu uwu wagalimoto yamagetsi imatha kuyenda mpaka 500 km kutengera momwe mumayendetsa, mtundu wa msewu, nyengo, ndi zina zambiri.

Kuti muteteze kudziyimira pawokha kwa batri yanu paulendo wautali, akatswiri a IZI ndi network ya EDF amakulangizani, makamaka, kuti musankhe kuyendetsa bwino komanso kupewa kuthamanga kwambiri.

Nthawi yowonjezera batri

Akatswiri a IZI ndi network ya EDF adzasamalira, makamaka, za kukhazikitsa malo othamangitsira magalimoto amagetsi ... Dziwani njira zonse zomwe zilipo pakuyitanitsa mabatire pagalimoto yanu yamagetsi ndi:

• Soketi yapakhomo 220 V;
• Socket yothamangitsa Wallbox;
• Ndi malo ochapira mwachangu.

Soketi ya nyumba 220 V

Kunyumba, mutha kukhazikitsa nyumba yogulitsira 220 V. Nthawi yolipira imachokera ku 10 mpaka 13 maola. Mutha kulipira galimoto yanu usiku wonse kuti mugwiritse ntchito tsiku lonse.

Wallbox yothamanga mwachangu

Mukasankha socket yothamangitsa mwachangu, yomwe imatchedwanso Wallbox, nthawi yolipira ifupikitsidwa:

• Kwa maola 4 mu mtundu 32A;
• Kwa maola 8 kapena 10 mu mtundu wa 16A.

Potengera mwachangu

M'malo oimikapo magalimoto a condominium kapena m'malo ogulitsira ndi mabizinesi, muthanso kulipiritsa galimoto yanu pamalo othamangitsira mwachangu. Mtengo wa chipangizochi ndi, ndithudi, wapamwamba kwambiri.

Komabe, nthawi yolipirira batire imathamanga kwambiri: zimatenga mphindi 30.

Chidule tebulo la mitengo ya zida zolipirira mabatire a magalimoto amagetsi

Mtundu wa zida za batri	Mtengo (kupatula kuyika)
Cholumikizira chothamangitsa mwachangu	Pafupifupi ma euro 600
Potengera mwachangu	Pafupifupi 900 €

Kodi batire ya lithiamu-ion imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Mfundo ya ntchito ya mtundu uwu wa batire ndi yovuta. Ma elekitironi amazungulira mkati mwa batire, ndikupanga kusiyana komwe kungakhalepo pakati pa ma elekitirodi awiriwa. Elekitirodi imodzi ndi negative, ina ndi positive. Amamizidwa mu electrolyte: ndi ionic conducting fluid.

Gawo lotulutsa

Battery ikamayendetsa galimoto, electrode yolakwika imatulutsa ma elekitironi osungidwa. Kenako amalumikizidwa ndi electrode yabwino kudzera mudera lakunja. Iyi ndi gawo lotulutsa.

Kuthamangitsa gawo

Zotsutsana ndi izi zimachitika pamene batire yaikiridwa pamalo othamangitsira kapena potengera magetsi olimba. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yoperekedwa ndi charger imasamutsa ma electron omwe amapezeka mu electrode yabwino kupita ku electrode yoyipa. 

Mabatire a BMS: tanthauzo ndi ntchito

Pulogalamu ya BMS (Battery Management System) imayang'anira ma modules ndi zinthu zomwe zimapanga batri yoyendetsa. Dongosolo loyang'anirali limayang'anira batire ndikuwongolera moyo wa batri.

Batire ikalephera, zomwezo zimachitika ndi BMS. Komabe, ena opanga ma EV amapereka ntchito yokonzanso BMS. Chifukwa chake, kukonzanso kofewa kumatha kuganizira momwe batire ilili panthawi ya T.

Kodi batire yagalimoto yamagetsi ndi yodalirika bwanji?

Batire ya lithiamu-ion imadziwika chifukwa chodalirika. Komabe, samalani, njira yolipirira, makamaka, ingakhudze kulimba kwake. Kuphatikiza apo, moyo wa batri ndi magwiridwe antchito zimawonongeka pakapita nthawi nthawi zonse.

Pamene galimoto yamagetsi ikuphwanyidwa, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri si batire. Inde, m'nyengo yozizira, mudzazindikira mwamsanga kuti galimoto yanu yamagetsi ilibe mavuto kuyambira, ngakhale kuzizira, mosiyana ndi galimoto ya dizilo.

Chifukwa chiyani mabatire a lithiamu-ion amawonongeka pakapita nthawi?

Pamene galimoto yamagetsi imayenda makilomita ambiri, ntchito ya batire imachepa pang'onopang'ono. Kenako zinthu ziwiri zimawonekera:

• Kuchepetsa moyo wa batri;
• Nthawi yotalikirapo batire.

Kodi batire yagalimoto yamagetsi imakalamba mwachangu bwanji?

Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimatha kukhudza ukalamba wa batri:

• Zinthu zosungirako galimoto yamagetsi (mu garaja, pamsewu, etc.);
• Kuyendetsa galimoto (ndi galimoto yamagetsi, kuyendetsa kobiriwira ndibwino);
• Kuthamangitsa pafupipafupi pamalo othamangitsira mwachangu;
• Nyengo m'dera lomwe mumayendetsa nthawi zambiri.

Momwe mungakwaniritsire moyo wa batri wagalimoto yamagetsi?

Poganizira zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, moyo wautumiki wa batire yokokera ukhoza kukonzedwa. Nthawi iliyonse, wopanga kapena munthu wina wodalirika amatha kudziwa ndikuyesa SOH (umoyo) wa batri. Kuyeza uku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito powunika momwe batire ilili.

SOH ikufanizira kuchuluka kwa batri pa nthawi yoyesedwa ndi mphamvu ya batri yochuluka pamene inali yatsopano.

Kutaya: moyo wachiwiri wa batire yagalimoto yamagetsi

Mu gawo la magalimoto amagetsi Kutaya kwa batri ya lithiamu-ion mu magalimoto magetsi akadali vuto lalikulu. Zowonadi, ngati EV ndi yoyera kuposa locomotive dizilo (vuto yopanga hydrocarbon) chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, magetsi, kuchira kwa lithiamu ndi kubwezeretsanso ndizovuta.

Nkhani zachilengedwe

Batire yagalimoto yamagetsi imatha kukhala ndi ma kilogalamu angapo a lithiamu. Zida zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga cobalt ndi manganese. Mitundu itatu iyi yazitsulo imakumbidwa ndikusinthidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pomanga batire.

Lithium

Awiri mwa magawo atatu a zinthu za lithiamu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabatire a galimoto yamagetsi zimachokera ku zipululu zamchere za South America (Bolivia, Chile ndi Argentina).

Kuchotsa ndi kukonza lithiamu kumafuna madzi ambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa:

• Kuyanika madzi pansi ndi mitsinje;
• Kuipitsa nthaka;
• Ndipo kusokonezeka kwa chilengedwe, monga kuwonjezeka kwa poizoni ndi matenda aakulu a anthu ammudzi.

Cobalt

Zoposa theka la cobalt padziko lonse lapansi zimachokera ku migodi ya ku Congo. Zotsirizirazi zimawonekera makamaka pokhudzana ndi:

• Mikhalidwe chitetezo migodi;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito ana pochotsa cobalt.

Kuchedwa mu gawo lobwezeretsanso: mafotokozedwe

Ngati batire ya lithiamu-ion idagulitsidwa kuyambira 1991 m'gawo lamagetsi ogula, njira zobwezeretsanso zinthu izi zidayamba kukula pambuyo pake.

Ngati lithiamu silinabwezeretsedwenso poyamba, ndiye kuti izi zidachitika makamaka chifukwa cha:

• Za kupezeka kwake kwakukulu;
• Mtengo wotsika wa kuchotsedwa kwake;
• Mitengo yotolera idakhalabe yotsika.

Komabe, ndi kukwera kwa electromobility, zosowa zoperekera zimasintha mwachangu, chifukwa chake kufunikira kwa njira yabwino yobwezeretsanso. Masiku ano, pafupifupi, 65% ya mabatire a lithiamu amasinthidwanso.

Lithium Recycling Solutions

Masiku ano, pali magalimoto ochepa amagetsi omwe satha ntchito poyerekeza ndi ma locomotives a dizilo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kusungunula magalimoto ndi zida za batri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chifukwa chake, lithiamu komanso aluminium, cobalt ndi mkuwa zitha kusonkhanitsidwa ndikusinthidwanso.

Mabatire osawonongeka amatsata kuzungulira kosiyana. Zowonadi, chifukwa chakuti nthawi zina sapanganso mphamvu zokwanira kuti apereke magwiridwe antchito oyenera komanso osiyanasiyana kwa madalaivala, sizitanthauza kuti sakugwiranso ntchito. Motero, amapatsidwa moyo wachiwiri. Pambuyo pake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza:

• Kusungirako mphamvu zowonjezera (dzuwa, mphepo, ndi zina) m'nyumba;
• Zopatsa mphamvu masiteshoni othamangitsira mwachangu.

Gawo lamagetsi silinayambe kupanga zatsopano kuti lipeze njira zina zopangira izi kapena kuzipeza m'njira zina.

Kuyika poyikira magalimoto amagetsi