Momwe mungayang'anire jenereta yamagalimoto?

Makina oyendetsa galimoto amayendetsedwa ndi mitundu iwiri yamagetsi. Chimodzi mwazinthuzi ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimachitika pakugwira ntchito zamagawo osiyanasiyana ndi misonkhano ikuluikulu. Mwachitsanzo, mu injini yoyaka mkati chifukwa cha kuphulika kwapang'ono, zodabwitsa zimachitika, zoyambitsa gulu lonse la zida - ndodo yolumikizira, kugawa gasi, ndi zina zambiri.

Mtundu wachiwiri wamagetsi, womwe zida zosiyanasiyana zagalimoto zimagwirira ntchito, ndi magetsi. Batire ndi gwero lamphamvu lamagalimoto nthawi zonse. Komabe, chinthu ichi sichitha kupereka mphamvu kwanthawi yayitali. Mwachitsanzo, kuthetheka kulikonse mu pulagi yothetheka kumafunikira mphamvu yamagetsi, koyamba kuchokera pa chojambulira cha crankshaft kenako ndikudutsira koyilo kwa wogulitsa.

Ogwiritsa ntchito magetsi osiyanasiyana m'galimoto

Kuti galimoto iziyenda mtunda wopitilira ma kilomita chikwi chimodzi osafunikiranso kubetcha, zida zake zimaphatikizapo jenereta. Imapanga magetsi pamakina oyendetsa galimoto. Chifukwa cha ichi, batire silimangosunga chindapusa chake poyambitsa mota, komanso limabwezeretsanso panjira. Izi zimaonedwa ngati gawo lokhazikika, koma nthawi zina limasokonekera.

Chida cha jenereta

Musanaganize zosankha zosiyanasiyana pofufuza jenereta, muyenera kumvetsetsa chida chake. Njirayi imayendetsedwa kudzera pagalimoto pagalimoto kuchokera pa crankshaft pulley.

Chojambulira ndi ichi:

• Pulley yoyendetsa imagwirizanitsa chipangizocho ndi mota;
• Chozungulira. Amalumikizidwa ndi pulley ndipo amazungulira mosalekeza makina akugwira ntchito. Gawo lokhazikika pamtengo wake pamakhala mphete;
• Chokhazikika ndi kumulowetsa payekha ndi stator. Pamene ozungulirawo amazungulira, stator kumulowetsa magetsi;
• Ma diode angapo, ogulitsidwa mu mlatho umodzi, wopangidwa ndi mbale ziwiri. Izi zimasintha zinthu zomwe zikusinthidwa posachedwa kuti zizitsogoleredwa pano
• Voltage yang'anira ndi burashi amafotokozera. Gawoli limapereka magetsi osavuta kuma netiweki (popanda ma surges komanso malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito);
• Thupi - zotchinga zotchinga komanso zopindika zazitsulo zokhala ndi mabowo olowetsa mpweya;
• Mayendedwe kwa kutsinde kosavuta.

Pamene rotor ikuzungulira, maginito amapangidwa pakati pake ndi stator. Kupindika kwamkuwa kumayankha, ndipo magetsi amapangidwa mmenemo. Koma kupanga mphamvu nthawi zonse kumafuna kusintha maginito. Pachifukwa ichi, kapangidwe ka ozungulira ndi stator kamakhala ndi mbale zachitsulo zomwe zimapanga mawindo.

Mphamvu yamagetsi imapangidwa pa stator kumulowetsa (mizati yamaginito imasintha nthawi zonse). Mlatho wama diode umathandizira kukhazikika kwamagetsi polarity kuti zida zamagetsi zochepa zizigwira ntchito moyenera.

Zovuta za jenereta

Tikagawanitsa kuwonongeka kwa chipangizocho, wopanga magalimoto amalephera chifukwa chamagetsi kapena zamagetsi. Pachigawo chachiwiri, ambiri aiwo amapezeka ndi kuwunika kowoneka. Chitsanzo cha izi chitha kukhala kusinthasintha kovuta kwa pulley (kusagwira ntchito kwa mayendedwe) kapena kugwedeza panthawi yosinthasintha - ziwalo zimagwirana.

Komabe, kutsimikizika kwa zamagetsi pazida sikungatheke popanda zida zowonjezera. Kuwonongeka kwamagetsi kumaphatikizapo:

• Valani maburashi ndi mphete;
• Woyang'anira adawotcha kapena kupangitsa kuwonongeka kwa dera lake;
• Chimodzi (kapena zambiri) cha ma diode a mlatho chatentha;
• Kutentha kumazungulira mozungulira kapena stator.

Kuwonongeka kulikonse kuli ndi njira yake yoyesera.

Momwe mungayang'anire jenereta popanda kuchotsa m'galimoto

Oscilloscope imafunika kuti izi zidziwike. Chida ichi "chiziwerenga" zolakwika zonse zomwe zilipo. Komabe, ntchitoyi imafunikira maluso ena, chifukwa ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino yekha yemwe amatha kumvetsetsa ma chart ndi manambala osiyanasiyana. Pachifukwa ichi, galimotoyo imatumizidwa kuti izipima malo operekera chithandizo.

Kwa woyendetsa magalimoto ambiri, pali njira zina zomwe zimakuthandizani kuti muwone jenereta popanda kuichotsa. Nawa ena mwa iwo:

• Timayambitsa injini. Chotsani malo "-" pa batri. Nthawi yomweyo, galimoto iyenera kupitiliza kugwira ntchito, chifukwa mawonekedwe abwinobwino amatanthauza kupanga mphamvu kodziyimira pawokha. Chosavuta cha kuzindikira koteroko ndikuti sichikugwira ntchito pakusinthanso kwamajenereta. Ndibwino kuti musayang'ane galimoto yamakono ngati iyi, chifukwa zinthu zina sizingagwirizane ndi kukwera kwamagetsi. Mlatho wama diode wamagalimoto atsopano sayenera kugwira ntchito popanda katundu;
• Ma multimeter amalumikizidwa molingana ndi mitengo ya batri. Pokhala chete, ma voliyumu ali pakati pa 12,5 mpaka 12,7 volts (batri yoyendetsa). Kenako, timayambitsa injini. Timatsatira njira yomweyo. Ndi chida chogwirira ntchito, multimeter iwonetsa kuchokera 13,8 mpaka 14,5 V. Ndipo izi zilibe katundu wina. Ngati mungatsegule ogula amphamvu kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, ikhoza kukhala njira yama multimedia, chitofu ndi mawindo otenthedwa), magetsi amayenera kutsikira ku volt osachepera 13,7 (ngati kutsika, ndiye kuti jenereta ndi yolakwika).

Palinso "maupangiri" ang'onoang'ono omwe wopanga atha kuwonongeka atha kupereka:

• Pa liwiro lotsika, ma nyali akuthwanima - fufuzani momwe alili oyang'anira;
• Kulira kwa jenereta pamene wapatsidwa katundu - yang'anani kuyendetsa bwino kwa mlatho;
• Kuyendetsa lamba squeak - sintha mavuto ake. Kuterera kwa lamba kumabweretsa mphamvu zosakhazikika.

Momwe mungayang'anire maburashi ndi mphete

Zinthu izi zitha kuwonongeka ndimakina, choncho choyambirira timazifufuza. Ngati maburashi atha, akuyenera kusinthidwa ndi atsopano. Slip mphete zilinso ndi zovala, motero amayang'ana makulidwe ndi kutalika kwa maburashi, komanso mphetezo.

Magawo abwinobwino amawonetsedwa ndi wopanga, koma kukula kwake pazinthu izi kuyenera kukhala:

• Maburashi - chizindikiro cha kutalika osachepera 4,5 millimeter;
• Kwa mphete - osachepera awiri a 12,8 millimeters.

Kuphatikiza pa kuyeza kotere, magawo amafufuzidwa kuti agwire ntchito zosakhala zovomerezeka (zokopa, ma grooves, tchipisi, etc.)

Momwe mungayang'anire mlatho wa diode (wokonzanso)

Kuwonongeka koteroko kumachitika nthawi zambiri ngati batriyo ilumikizidwa ndi polarity yolakwika ("+" terminal imayikidwa pa minus, ndi "-" - pa kuphatikiza). Izi zikachitika, zida zamagalimoto zambiri zidzalephera pomwepo.

Pofuna kupewa izi, wopanga adachepetsa kutalika kwa mawayawo kubatire. Koma ngati batri la mawonekedwe osazolowereka ligulidwa, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi malo ati omwe amafanana ndi mzati.

Choyamba, timayang'ana kukana pa mbale imodzi ya mlatho wa diode, kenako pamzake. Ntchito ya mchitidwewu ndikupereka magwiridwe mbali imodzi kokha.

Matendawa amachitika motere:

• Kuyanjana kwabwino kwa woyesayo kumalumikizidwa ndi "+" malo ogwiritsira mbale;
• Ndi kafukufuku wolakwika, gwirani kutsogolo kwa ma diode onse motsatana;
• Ma probes amasinthidwa ndipo njirayi ndiyofanana.

Malinga ndi zomwe zapezeka, mlatho wogwira ntchito udutsa pakadali pano, ndipo ma probe akasinthidwa, zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kulimbana kwakukulu. Zomwezo zimaphatikiziranso mbale yachiwiri. Zochenjera zazing'ono - kukana sikuyenera kufanana ndi mtengo wa 0 pa multimeter. Izi ziwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa diode.

Chifukwa cha mlatho wolakwika wa diode, batire silandira mphamvu zofunikira kuti libwezeretsenso.

Momwe mungayang'anire woyang'anira wamagetsi

Ngati, mkati mwa cheke chokhala ndi pulagi yonyamula, kutsegula kwa batri kapena kuchuluka kwake kwapezeka, ndiye kuti muyenera kumvera owongolera. Zikhalidwe za owongolera ogwira ntchito zatchulidwa kale kale.

Mndandanda wotsutsa wa capacitor umatsimikiziranso. Pazenera la woyeserera, mtengowu uyenera kutsika akangoyanjana ndi ma probes.

Njira ina yoyesera woyang'anira ndi kuwala kwa 12 volt. Gawolo lidalumikizidwa ndipo kuwongolera kulumikizidwa ndi maburashi. Kuyanjana kwabwino kumalumikizidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa magetsi, ndipo kutulutsa kwa batri kumayikidwa pa thupi loyang'anira. Pamene 12V iperekedwa, nyali imayatsa. Mphamvu ikangokwera mpaka 15V, iyenera kutuluka.

Momwe mungayang'anire stator

Pankhaniyi, muyeneranso kulabadira chizindikiro kukana (mu kumulowetsa). Asanayesedwe, mlatho wa diode udatsitsidwa. Kumulowetsa kogwiritsa ntchito kukuwonetsa mtengo wa pafupifupi 0,2 Ohm (zotuluka) ndi kutalika kwa 0,3 Ohm (pa zero ndi kulumikizana).

Kubuula kwa gwero lamagetsi kukuwonetsa kuwonongeka kapena kuchepa kwakanthawi potembenuka. Muyeneranso kuwunika ngati pali chovala pamalo azitsulo zazitsulo za gawolo.

Momwe mungayang'anire makina ozungulira

Choyamba, ife "mphete" ndi malemeredwe kumulowetsa (izo amalenga yaing'ono zimachitika pa magetsi, zomwe zimachititsa mu atomu kupatsidwa ulemu). Njira yoyeserera yoyeserera yakhazikitsidwa pa multimeter. Kulimbana pakati pa mphete (zomwe zili pa shaft rotor) kumayeza. Ngati multimeter ikuwonetsa kuyambira 2,3 mpaka 5,1 Ohm, ndiye kuti gawolo likuyenda bwino.

Mtengo wotsika wotsutsa udzawonetsa kutsekedwa kwa kutembenuka, ndikukwera kwambiri - kupumula koyenda.

Kuyesanso kwina komwe kumachitika ndi ozungulira ndikuwona momwe magetsi amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Pachifukwa ichi, ammeter amagwiritsidwa ntchito (mawonekedwe ofanana ndi multimeter), 12V imaperekedwa ku mphetezo. Komwe dera likuswa, chipangizocho chimawonetsa kuyambira 3 mpaka 4,5, ngati elementi ikugwira bwino ntchito.

Pamapeto pa matendawa, wosanjikiza amawunika kuti asatsutse. Njirayi ndi iyi. Timatenga babu 40-watt. Timalumikiza mbali imodzi ya waya ndi malo ake, ndipo inayo ndi thupi. Kukhudzana kwina kwazitsulo kumalumikiza molumikizana ndi mphete yozungulira. Ndi kutchinjiriza bwino, nyali siyiyatsa. Ngakhale incandescence yaying'ono yakuzungulira imawonetsa kutayikira kwaposachedwa.

Ngati, chifukwa chakuwunika kwa jenereta, kuwonongeka kwa chimodzi mwazinthuzo kudapezeka, gawolo limasintha - ndipo chipangizocho chili ngati chatsopano.

Nayi kanema kanthawi kochepa koyesa jenereta:

Momwe mungayang'anire jenereta. Mu mphindi 3, POPANDA ZIDA NDI maluso.

Chifukwa chake, ngati jenereta wamagalimoto ndi olakwika, maukonde agalimoto sakhalitsa. Batire imatuluka mwachangu, ndipo woyendetsa amayenera kukoka galimoto yake kupita kokatumikira pafupi (kapena kuyimbira galimoto yonyamula izi). Pachifukwa ichi, aliyense wamagalimoto akuyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuwala kochenjeza ndi chizindikiro cha batri.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Momwe mungayang'anire ngati pali kulipira kuchokera ku jenereta kupita ku batri? Waya wandiweyani wa jenereta amachotsedwa (izi ndi +). Kufufuza kumodzi kwa multimeter kumalumikizidwa ndi batire +, ndipo kafukufuku wachiwiri amalumikizidwa ndi kulumikizidwa kwaulere kwa jenereta.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati jenereta sikugwira ntchito pamakina? Kuvuta kuyambitsa injini yoyatsira mkati (batire silikuchajitsidwa bwino), kuwala kwamagetsi injini ikugwira ntchito, chizindikiro cha batire pazabwino chimayatsidwa, mluzu wa lamba wa alternator drive.

Momwe mungayang'anire jenereta ikugwira ntchito kapena ayi? Kuyeza kwa zomwe zimachokera. Iyenera kukhala pakati pa 13.8-14.8V (2000 rpm). Kulephera pansi pa katundu (chitofu chayatsidwa, nyali zamoto zimatenthedwa galasi) mpaka 13.6 - mwachizolowezi. Ngati pansipa, jenereta ndi yolakwika.

Momwe mungayang'anire magwiridwe antchito a jenereta ndi multimeter? Ma probe a multimeter amalumikizidwa ndi ma terminals a batri (malinga ndi mitengo) pomwe mota ikuyenda. Pa liwiro lililonse, voteji ayenera kukhala mkati 14 volts.