Kodi mafuta ndi dizilo amapangidwa bwanji?

Kodi mafuta akuluakulu awiri, petulo ndi dizilo, amapangidwa bwanji? Ndi ziti mwa ziwirizi zomwe zimafuna kutsogola kwambiri komanso mphamvu?

Chifukwa chake, lingaliro lomwe lapezeka ndiloti ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kuti dziko lapansi lipange mafuta okha, omwe satsukidwa pang'ono, chifukwa chake, otsika mtengo komanso osasamalira chilengedwe kupanga. Koma kodi ndi nzeru kuletsa kupanga mafuta a dizilo? Apa tionanso kuti dizilo akadali wakufa, pokhapokha, atakhala kuti akutsutsidwa mwamphamvu ndi akuluakulu (omwe akuwululidwa pakadali pano) ...

Kutulutsa mafuta ndi mafuta kuchokera ku mafuta

Monga mukudziwa, bola ndikhulupilira kuti mafuta onsewa amapangidwa ndi golide wakuda. Amachotsedwa ndi zotchedwa distillation, ndiye kuti, kungotenthetsera mafuta osaphika kuti asanduke nthunzi ndikulekanitsa zinthu zomwe zimakhalapo.

Zili ngati ngati mukufuna kutunga madzi mumphika wophika, muyenera kungowatenthetsa kuti asanduke madziwo, omwe amatha kusonkhanitsidwa pansi pa chivindikiro chomwe chimakwirira mphika wanu (condensation). Chifukwa chake, mfundo yomweyi imagwiranso ntchito apa: timawotcha mafuta kenako ndikusonkhanitsa mpweya kuti uziziritse: condensation, yomwe imalola mafuta kubwerera kumalo amadzimadzi.

Pachifukwa ichi, zipilala za distillation zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kusiyanitsa magawo osiyanasiyana amafuta amafuta. Chilichonse chimatenthedwa mpaka 400 °, pambuyo pake mzatiwo umalola kupatukana kwa zinthu za nthunzi chifukwa cha kutentha, komwe kumasiyana kutengera zipinda. Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimakhazikika m'chipinda chilichonse, chifukwa chilichonse chimazizira kwambiri.

Kusiyana pakati pakupanga ndi kuchotsa mafuta ndi dizilo

Koma nchiyani chomwe chimapangitsa kutulutsa mafuta a dizilo kuchokera ku petulo kumasiyana ndi mafuta?

Izi ndi zophweka chifukwa kutengera kutentha kwa distillation mudzakhala mukutulutsa chimodzi kapena chimzake: mafuta amasanduka nthunzi / amasungunuka pakati pa 20 ndi 70 ° ndi dizilo pakati pa 250 ndi 350 ° (malingana ndi momwe akupangidwira komanso kuthamanga kwa mpweya). Choncho, tikhoza kunena kuti timafunikira mphamvu zomwezo, chifukwa muzochita zamafakitale timayamba ndi kutentha mafuta mpaka madigiri 400 kuti "atulutsidwe" ndi zinthu zonsezi. Ndipo chifukwa chake mwina titha kusankha kubweza dizilo kapena kuyiponya mumtsuko wa zinyalala…

Koma poganiza, titha kuvomerezabe kuti pamafunika mphamvu zambiri kuti titulutse mafuta a dizilo kuposa mafuta, chifukwa titha kudziletsa pakungotenthetsa mafuta pamlingo wochepa kuti titulutse nthunzi za mafuta zokha. Tidzakhala batala mulimonse, ndipo sizikumveka.

Onaninso kuti dizilo ayenera "mankhwala a sulfa" kuti agwire bwino ntchito mu injini zathu: hydrodesulfurization.

Onaninso: Kusiyanitsa kwazinthu pakati pa mafuta ndi mafuta a dizilo

Kodi migodi ya dizilo sikuti imangowonjezera mafuta?

Inde… Mumawerenga kulondola, mu chipika cha mafuta osapsa, gawo lina ndi mafuta a petulo ndipo linalo ndi dizilo (ndikufewetsa chifukwa palinso gasi, palafini, ngakhale mafuta amafuta ndi phula).

Tikasintha injini zonse kukhala mafuta, titha kukhala ndi mafuta osagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngakhale ma boiler atha kutenga (koma tikunena za kuletsa ku France zaka zikubwerazi ...).

Apanso, ndikutha kuzindikira kuti chikhumbo cha kutha kwa mafuta a dizilo ndi chinyengo chanzeru.

Potengera mpweya woipa, ndimanena mobwerezabwereza, dizilo amapanga pafupifupi chimodzimodzi ndi mafuta kuyambira pomwe timayerekezera injini ziwiri (mafuta ndi dizilo) zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo womwewo.: Jekeseni wolunjika kapena jekeseni wosalunjika. Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya wa utsi kumakhudzidwa ndi mtundu wa jakisoni, osati mtundu wa mafuta omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito! Dizilo amatulutsa utsi wakuda wochulukirapo, koma apa sichitenga gawo lofunikira paumoyo, ndichinthu china chomwe sichiwoneka, chomwe chimapweteketsa mapapu athu (mpweya wa poizoni ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosaoneka). Koma mitundu yathu sikuwoneka ngati yokhwima mokwanira kusiyanitsa chisomo chamtundu uwu (ndikulankhula pano za atolankhani ndi anthu wamba, akatswiri amadziwa bwino zomwe akunena. Sindimayerekeza kukhala m'modzi mwa akatswiri, koma sindimazengereza kuwunika zomwe ndawuzidwa kuti ndikhale otsimikiza za zomwe ndapeza).