Momwe mungayendetsere galimoto moyenera?

Misewu yayikulu

Kuyenda kwa galimoto ndiko mphamvu yokoka pagalimoto. Kaya galimoto ikuyenda kapena kuyima zimadalira mphamvu yokoka kapena mphamvu yokoka. Mphamvu yokoka imakankhira mawilo agalimoto kumsewu. Zotsatira za mphamvuyi zili pakati pa mphamvu yokoka. Kugawidwa kwa kulemera kwa galimoto pamodzi ndi nkhwangwa kumadalira malo omwe ali pakati pa mphamvu yokoka. Kuyandikira kwapakati pa mphamvu yokoka ndi imodzi mwa zitsulo, m'pamenenso pali katundu wambiri pa ekisiyo. Pamagalimoto, katundu wa axle amagawidwa pafupifupi mofanana. Chofunika kwambiri pa kukhazikika ndi kuwongolera kwa galimoto ndi malo apakati pa mphamvu yokoka, osati pokhudzana ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yaitali, komanso kutalika kwake. Kukwera kwapakati pa mphamvu yokoka, makinawo adzakhala osakhazikika. Ngati galimotoyo ili pamtunda, mphamvu yokoka imayendetsedwa molunjika pansi.

Kuyendetsa pagalimoto

Pamalo opendekera, imagawika magulu awiri. Mmodzi wa iwo amapondereza matayala pamsewu, ndipo winayo, monga lamulo, amagubuduza galimoto. Kukwezeka pakati pa mphamvu yokoka ndikukula kwa galimotoyi, kukhazikika kwachangu kumasokonekera ndipo galimoto imatha kugubuduka. Poyendetsa, kuwonjezera pa mphamvu yokoka, mphamvu zina zingapo zimakhudza galimoto yomwe imafuna mphamvu ya injini. Asitikali omwe akuyendetsa galimoto akuyendetsa. Izi zikuphatikiza. Kulimbikira kumagwiritsa ntchito kupundula matayala ndi misewu, kusamvana pakati pa matayala, mikangano yamagudumu oyendetsa, ndi zina zambiri. Nyamulani kukana kutengera kulemera kwa galimoto ndi mawonekedwe owonda. Mphamvu yolimbana ndi mpweya, kukula kwake kumadalira mawonekedwe amgalimoto, liwiro la kuyenda kwake komanso kuchuluka kwa mlengalenga.

Centrifugal mphamvu ya makina

Mphamvu ya centrifugal yomwe imachitika galimoto ikamakhota ndipo imatsogozedwa kutali ndi bend. Mphamvu ya kuyenda kwa kayendedwe kake, kamtengo kake kamakhala ndi mphamvu yofunikira kuti ifulumizitse kuchuluka kwa galimotoyo poyenda. Ndi mphamvu yofunikira pakuwongolera pang'ono kwa magawo azungulira a galimotoyo. Kuyenda kwa galimoto kumatheka pokhapokha ngati mawilo ake ali ndi zomata zokwanira panjira. Ngati kulibe okwanira, magudumu oyenda pang'ono, ndiye kuti mawilo amaterera. Kuterera kumadalira kulemera kwa magudumu, misewu yapamtunda, kuthamanga kwa matayala ndikuponda. Kuti mudziwe zotsatira za misewu pamsewu, coefficient of adhesion imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imatsimikizika pogawa matayala oyendetsa galimotoyo.

Chogwirizana chokwanira pagalimoto

Ndipo kulemera kwa galimoto pama mawilo amenewa. Coefficient la guluu wolimba malinga ndi coating kuyanika lapansi. Kukhazikika kwa coefficient kumadalira mtundu wa misewu ndi momwe zilili, monga chinyezi, matope, matalala, ayezi. M'misewu yolinganizidwa, cholumikizira chokwanira chimachepa kwambiri ngati pali dothi lonyowa komanso fumbi pamwamba. Poterepa, dothi limapanga kanema, yochepetsa kwambiri cholumikizira cholumikizira. Kanema wonenepa wokhala ndi phula lotuluka moonekera pamisewu yotentha ya phula nthawi yotentha. Zomwe zimachepetsa kugwirana kozungulira. Kutsika kwa koyefishienti kwa magudumu amagetsi kumawonekeranso mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, liwiro pamsewu wouma wokhala ndi konkriti wa phula likukula kuchokera ku 30 mpaka 60 km / h, koyefishienti yotsutsana imatsika ndi 0,15. Mphamvu yamainjini imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa magudumu oyendetsa galimoto ndikuthana ndi magawano omwe akutumiza.

Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagalimoto

Ngati kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yomwe mawilo amayendetsa, kupanga kukopa, kuli kwakukulu kuposa mphamvu yonse yokoka, ndiye kuti galimotoyo idzayenda mofulumira. Kuthamanga ndiko kuwonjezeka kwa liwiro pa unit ya nthawi. Ngati mphamvu yokoka ikufanana ndi mphamvu zotsutsa, ndiye kuti galimotoyo idzayenda popanda kuthamanga pa liwiro lomwelo. Kukwera kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya injini ndi kuchepetsa kukana kwathunthu, mofulumira galimoto idzafika pa liwiro linalake. Kuonjezera apo, kuchuluka kwa mathamangitsidwe kumakhudzidwa ndi kulemera kwa galimoto. Chiyerekezo cha magiya, kuyendetsa komaliza, kuchuluka kwa magiya ndi kuwongolera magalimoto. Poyendetsa galimoto, mphamvu inayake ya kinetic imasonkhanitsidwa, ndipo galimotoyo imapeza inertia.

Inertia yamagalimoto

Chifukwa cha inertia, galimoto imatha kuyenda kwakanthawi injini ikaduka. Kuwerengetsa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kupulumutsa mafuta. Kuyimitsa galimoto ndikofunikira pakuyendetsa chitetezo ndipo zimatengera mabuleki ake. Mabuleki abwinoko komanso odalirika, mutha kuyimitsa mwachangu galimoto yomwe ikuyenda. Ndipo mutha kuyenda mwachangu, chifukwa chake liwiro lake lapamwamba lidzakhala lokwera. Galimoto ikayenda, mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa zimayamwa mukamayima. Kulimbana ndi mpweya kumathandiza kuti braking. Anagubuduza ndi zochotsa kukaniza. Pamtunda, palibe kukana kukwera, ndipo gawo lolemera limaphatikizidwira ku inertia yagalimoto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuyima. Mukamayima mabulogu, pakati pamawilo ndi mseu, gulu lama braking limapangidwa mosemphana ndi komwe amakokera.

Kayendedwe ka ntchito pamene galimoto ikuyenda

Mabuleki amatengera ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa mphamvu yama braking ndi samatha. Ngati mphamvu yamagudumu yamphamvu imaposa yolowera, galimoto imayima. Ngati braking mphamvu ili yayikulu kuposa kuyesayesa kwamphamvu, mawilo amatha kutsetsereka poyerekeza ndi mseu pamene braking. Poyamba, mawilo atayimitsidwa, amayenda pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mphamvu zamagalimoto zimasandulika kutentha. Mapepala otentha ndi ma disc. Kachiwiri, magudumu amasiya kuzungulira komanso kuyenda mumsewu, motero mphamvu zambiri zimasandulika kukhala kutentha kwa matayala mumsewu. Kuyima ndi mawilo pamalo amodzi sikuimitsa magalimoto, makamaka m'misewu yoterera. The pazipita braking mphamvu chingapezeke pokhapokha nthawi kuima mawilo ndi njila kwa katundu chifukwa cha iwo.

Kufanana kwamayendedwe amgalimoto

Ngati kulinganiza kumeneku sikunawonedwe, mphamvu yothamanga ya imodzi mwa mawilo sidzagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira. Kuchita bwino kwa braking kumawerengedwa malinga ndi mtunda wa braking ndi kuchuluka kwa deceleration. Kutalika kwa mabuleki ndi mtunda umene galimoto imayenda kuchokera pamene imayamba kuphulika mpaka kufika pamagetsi. Kuthamanga kwa galimoto ndi kuchuluka komwe kuthamanga kwa galimoto kumachepera pa nthawi imodzi. Kuyendetsa galimoto kumamveka ngati mphamvu yake yosintha njira. Kukhazikika kwa ma angles akutalika komanso kupendekeka kozungulira kwa olamulira a kuzungulira kwa gudumu. Galimoto ikamayenda mowongoka, m’pofunika kwambiri kuti mawilo aziwongoleredwe asamazungulire mwachisawawa komanso kuti dalaivala asamachite khama kuti mawilowo ayende bwino. Galimoto imapereka kukhazikika kwa mawilo owongolera pamalo amtsogolo.

Makhalidwe a makina

Izi zimatheka chifukwa cha kutalika kwa kutalika kwa kupendekera kwa kasinthasintha ndi mawonekedwe pakati pa ndege yoyenda mozungulira ndi ofukula. Chifukwa chopendekera kotenga nthawi yayitali, gudumu limasinthidwa kotero kuti mfundo yake yoyendetsedwa imafalikira molingana ndi mzere wazungulira, ndipo opareshoniyo ndiyofanana ndi wodzigudubuza. Pamtunda wokhotakhota, kutembenuza gudumu kumakhala kovuta nthawi zambiri kuposa kulibwezeretsa pamalo ake oyambirira, kuyenda molunjika. Izi ndichifukwa choti gudumu likatembenuka, kutsogolo kwa galimoto kumakwera ndi kuchuluka b. Woyendetsa amayesetsa kuyendetsa bwino. Kuti abweretse mawilo oyendetsa molunjika, kulemera kwa galimoto kumathandizira kuyendetsa magudumu ndipo woyendetsa amagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu pang'ono pagudumu. Pagalimoto, makamaka omwe ali ndi matayala otsika, mavuto am'mbali amawonekera.

Malangizo oyendetsa galimoto

Kubwezeretsa pambuyo pake kumachitika makamaka chifukwa champhamvu zomwe zimayambitsa kupondaponda kwa tayala. Poterepa, matayala samayenda moongoka, koma amayenda chammbali mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu yotsatira. Mawilo awiri kutsogolo kwa chitsulo chogwira matayala ali ndi chiwongolero chofanana. Magudumuwa akayamba kuyenda, malo ozungulira amasintha. Izi zimawonjezeka ndikuchepetsa chiwongolero chagalimoto ndipo kukhazikika kwa galimoto sikusintha. Pamene mawilo kumbuyo kwa chitsulo chogwira matayala akuchoka, malo ozungulirawo amacheperachepera. Izi zimawonekera makamaka ngati mbali ya magudumu akumbuyo imakhala yayikulu kuposa yamagudumu akutsogolo, ndikukhazikika kumatsika. Galimoto imayamba kugwa ndipo dalaivala amayenera kusintha kayendedwe kaulendo nthawi zonse. Kuti muchepetse kuyendetsa galimoto, kuthamanga kwa matayala akutsogolo kuyenera kutsika pang'ono kuposa kumbuyo.

Yokoka pamsewu

Nthawi zina, kutsetsereka kumatha kuyendetsa galimoto mozungulira mozungulira. Kutuluka kumatha kuchitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Ngati mutembenuza mawilo oyendetsa bwino, mutha kupeza kuti mphamvu za inertia ndizochulukirapo kuposa zomwe magudumuwo amakoka. Izi zimachitika makamaka pamisewu yoterera. Pakakhala zolimbitsa zosagwirizana kapena mabuleki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pama mawilo kumanja ndi kumanzere, akugwira kotenga nthawi, mphindi yosintha imachitika, zomwe zimabweretsa kugwa. Zomwe zimayambitsa kugwa panthawi yama braking ndimagulu osagwirizana pama magudumu pachimodzi. Kuthamangitsidwa kosagwirizana kwa magudumu kumanja kapena kumanzere kwa mseu kapena kuyika kosayenera kwa katundu wokhudzana ndi kutalika kwa galimotoyo. Galimoto imathanso kuima ikayima.

Malangizo oyendetsa galimoto

Ndikofunika kuteteza galimoto kuti isaterereke. Imani mabuleki osamasula zowalamulira. Tembenuzani magudumu mozungulira kutsetsereka. Njirazi zimachitika akangotsika kutsika. Pambuyo poyimitsa injini, mawilo ayenera kulumikizidwa kuti njinga yamoto isayambire mbali inayo. Nthawi zambiri kuzembera kumachitika mukaima modzidzimutsa pamsewu wonyowa kapena wachisanu. Ndipo pamtunda wothamanga kwambiri, kuterera kumawonjezeka msanga, motero pamisewu yoterera kapena yozizira komanso ngodya muyenera kuchepa osagwiritsa ntchito mabuleki. Kutha kwapamsewu kwagalimoto ndikuthekera kwake koyendetsa pamisewu yoyipa ndi misewu yakunja, komanso kuthana ndi zopinga zosiyanasiyana panjira. Kukhazikika kwake kumatsimikizika. Kutha kuthana ndi kugwedezeka kogwiritsira ntchito magudumu.

Kuyenda kwamagalimoto 4x4

Makulidwe onse agalimoto. Kutha kwa galimoto kuthana ndi zopinga panjira. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimadziwika kuti flotation ndi chiŵerengero pakati pa mphamvu yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito pamagudumu oyendetsa ndi mphamvu yokoka. Nthawi zambiri, kuyendetsa galimoto kumakhala kocheperako chifukwa chosakola panjira. Ndipo, chifukwa chake, kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito cholinga chachikulu. Kukwanira kokumata kwa misa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa kuthekera kwagalimoto kuyenda pansi. Kutsimikizika pogawa kulemera chifukwa cha mawilo oyendetsa ndi kulemera kwathunthu kwa galimotoyo. Lalikulu msewu msewu magalimoto anayi-pagalimoto. Pankhani yazitala zomwe zimakulitsa kulemera konse koma sizisintha kulemera kwake, kutha kuwoloka njanji kumachepa kwambiri.

Kutulutsa kwa mawilo oyendetsa galimoto ikuyenda

Kupanikizika kwamatayala pamsewu ndi njira yopondera kumakhudza kwambiri magudumu oyendetsa magudumu. Kupsinjika kwapadera kumatsimikizika ndi kupanikizika kwa magudumu amalo osindikizira matayala. Dothi lotayirira, kuloleza kwa galimoto kumakhala bwino ngati kupanikizika kwake kuli kotsika. M'misewu yovuta komanso yoterera, kutha kuwoloka misewu yapakati pamizinda kumakonzedwa ndikumakakamizidwa kwambiri. Tayala lokhala ndi chopondera chachikulu panthaka yofewa limakhala ndi phazi lokulirapo ndikuchepetsa kuthamanga. Pomwe panthaka yolimba chopondapo tayalachi chidzakhala chocheperako ndipo kukakamizidwa kwake kudzawonjezeka.