Nanga bwanji kuchotsa mchere m'madzi a m'nyanja? Madzi ambiri pamtengo wotsika
Kupeza madzi aukhondo ndiponso abwino akumwa n’kofunika kwambiri ndipo mwatsoka sikukwaniritsidwa bwino m’madera ambiri padziko lapansi. Kuchotsa mchere m’madzi a m’nyanja kukanakhala kothandiza kwambiri m’madera ambiri a dziko lapansi, ngati, ndithudi, njira zikanapezeka zogwira ntchito bwino ndi zosunga chuma chambiri.
Chiyembekezo chatsopano cha chitukuko cha mtengo wapatali njira zopezera madzi abwino pochotsa mchere wa m’nyanja adawonekera chaka chatha pamene ochita kafukufuku adanena za zotsatira za maphunziro pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa zinthu mafupa a organometallic (MOF) yosefera madzi am'nyanja. Njira yatsopano, yopangidwa ndi gulu la University of Monash ku Australia, imafuna mphamvu zochepa kwambiri kuposa njira zina, ofufuzawo adatero.
MOF organometallic mafupa ndi zida porous kwambiri ndi lalikulu pamwamba. Malo akuluakulu ogwirira ntchito okulungidwa m'mavoliyumu ang'onoang'ono ndi abwino kwa kusefera, i.e. kutenga particles ndi particles mu madzi (1). Mtundu watsopano wa MOF umatchedwa PSP-MIL-53 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchera mchere ndi zowononga m'madzi a m'nyanja. Ikayikidwa m'madzi, imasunga ma ion ndi zonyansa pamwamba pake. Mkati mwa mphindi 30, MOF inatha kuchepetsa zolimba zosungunuka (TDS) zamadzi kuchokera ku 2,233 ppm (ppm) kufika pansi pa 500 ppm. Izi ndizomwe zili pansi pa 600 ppm zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi World Health Organisation pamadzi akumwa abwino.
1. Kuwonetseratu kwa ntchito ya membrane organometallic panthawi yochotsa mchere m'madzi a m'nyanja.
Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, ochita kafukufuku adatha kupanga mpaka 139,5 malita a madzi atsopano pa kilogalamu ya zinthu za MOF patsiku. Netiweki ya MOF "ikadzazidwa" ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, imatha kutsukidwa mwachangu komanso mosavuta kuti igwiritsidwenso ntchito. Kuti achite izi, amayikidwa padzuwa, lomwe limatulutsa mchere wotsekeka mu mphindi zinayi zokha.
"Matenthedwe a evaporative desalination amatengera mphamvu zambiri, pomwe matekinoloje ena monga kusintha osmosis (2), ali ndi zovuta zambiri, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri ndi mankhwala oyeretsa nembanemba ndi kutulutsa madzi m’thupi,” akufotokoza motero Huanting Wang, mtsogoleri wa gulu lofufuza ku Monash. “Kuwala kwadzuwa ndiko gwero lamphamvu lochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Njira yathu yatsopano yochotsera mchere komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwadzuwa kuti ibwererenso kumapereka njira yopulumutsira mphamvu komanso yosawononga chilengedwe.
2. Njira yochotsera madzi a m'nyanja ya Osmosis ku Saudi Arabia.
Kuchokera ku graphene kupita ku chemistry yanzeru
M'zaka zaposachedwa, malingaliro ambiri atsopano atuluka Kuchotsa mchere m'madzi a m'nyanja. "Young Technician" amayang'anitsitsa chitukuko cha njirazi.
Tinalemba, mwa zina, za lingaliro la Achimereka ku Austin University ndi Ajeremani ku yunivesite ya Marburg, yomwe kugwiritsa ntchito kachipangizo kakang'ono kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe mphamvu yamagetsi yopanda mphamvu (0,3 volts) imayenda. M'madzi amchere omwe akuyenda mkati mwa njira ya chipangizocho, ayoni a klorini amasinthidwa pang'ono ndikupanga magetsimonga mu ma cell cell. Zotsatira zake n’zakuti mcherewo umayenda mbali ina ndipo madzi abwinowo amapita mbali ina. Kudzipatula kumachitika madzi abwino.
Asayansi aku Britain aku University of Manchester, motsogozedwa ndi Rahul Nairi, adapanga sieve yochokera ku graphene mu 2017 kuti ichotse bwino mchere m'madzi a m'nyanja.
Pakafukufuku wofalitsidwa m’magazini yotchedwa Nature Nanotechnology, asayansi anatsutsa kuti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga ma membranes ochotsa mchere. graphene oxide, m'malo mwa graphene yovuta kupeza komanso yodula. Ma graphene osanjikiza amodzi amafunikira kubowoleredwa m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono kuti azitha kulowamo. Ngati dzenjelo ndi lalikulu kuposa 1 nm, mcherewo umadutsa mu dzenjelo momasuka, ndiye kuti mabowo obowola ayenera kukhala ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti graphene oxide nembanemba kumawonjezera makulidwe ndi porosity pamene kumizidwa m'madzi. Gulu la adokotala. Nairi anasonyeza kuti ❖ kuyanika nembanemba ndi graphene okusayidi ndi zina wosanjikiza utomoni epoxy anawonjezera mphamvu ya chotchinga. Mamolekyu amadzi amatha kudutsa nembanemba, koma sodium chloride sangathe.
Gulu la ofufuza aku Saudi Arabia apanga chipangizo chomwe akukhulupirira kuti chidzasintha bwino magetsi kuchokera kwa "wogula" wamadzi kukhala "wopanga madzi abwino". Asayansi adasindikiza pepala lofotokoza za chilengedwe zaka zingapo zapitazo. umisiri watsopano wa dzuwazomwe zimatha kuchotsa mchere m'madzi ndikutulutsa nthawi yomweyo magetsi.
Pachiwonetsero chomangidwa, asayansi adayika chopangira madzi kumbuyo. batire ya dzuwa. Kuwala kwa dzuwa, selo limapanga magetsi ndi kutulutsa kutentha. M’malo motaya kutentha kumeneku m’mlengalenga, kachipangizoka kamalozera mphamvu imeneyi ku chomera chimene chimagwiritsa ntchito kutenthako monga gwero lamphamvu pochotsa mchere.
Ofufuzawo adayambitsa madzi amchere ndi madzi okhala ndi zonyansa zachitsulo zolemera monga lead, mkuwa ndi magnesium mu distiller. Chipangizocho chinasandutsa madzi kukhala nthunzi, yomwe kenako inadutsa munsalu ya pulasitiki yomwe inkasefa mchere ndi zinyalala. Zotsatira za njirayi ndi madzi akumwa abwino omwe amakwaniritsa miyezo yachitetezo cha World Health Organisation. Asayansiwo ati fanizoli, lokhala ndi kutalika kwa mita, limatha kupanga malita 1,7 amadzi oyera pa ola limodzi. Malo abwino a chipangizo choterocho ndi nyengo youma kapena yowuma, pafupi ndi gwero la madzi.
Guihua Yu, wasayansi waukadaulo ku Austin State University, Texas, ndi osewera nawo omwe adafunsidwa mu 2019. kusefa bwino ma hydrogel a m'madzi a m'nyanja, mitundu ya polimazomwe zimapanga porous, zotengera madzi. Yu ndi anzake adapanga siponji ya gel kuchokera ku ma polima awiri: imodzi ndi polima yomanga madzi yotchedwa polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) ndipo ina ndi choyamwitsa chopepuka chotchedwa polypyrrole (PPy). Anasakaniza polima lachitatu lotchedwa chitosan, lomwenso limakopa kwambiri madzi. Asayansi anena mu Science Advances kuti akwanitsa kupanga madzi oyera a malita 3,6 pa ola pa lalikulu mita imodzi ya cell, yomwe ndi yapamwamba kwambiri yomwe idalembedwapo komanso pafupifupi nthawi khumi ndi ziwiri kuposa zomwe zimapangidwira masiku ano m'matembenuzidwe amalonda. .
Ngakhale ali ndi chidwi ndi asayansi, sizimveka kuti njira zatsopano zochepetsera mchere komanso zotsika mtengo zochotsera mchere pogwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano zidzapeza ntchito zambiri zamalonda. Mpaka zimenezo zitachitika, samalani.
