Momwe mungayesere torque (torque) yagalimoto yanu

Torque imayenderana ndi mphamvu zamahatchi ndipo imasiyana malinga ndi galimoto ndi mawonekedwe ake. Kukula kwa gudumu ndi kuchuluka kwa zida zimakhudza torque.

Kaya mukugula galimoto yatsopano kapena mukumanga ndodo yotentha m'galimoto yanu, pali zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito pozindikira momwe injini ikuyendera: mphamvu zamahatchi ndi torque. Ngati muli ngati ambiri amakanika kapena okonda magalimoto, mwina mumamvetsetsa bwino ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa mphamvu zamahatchi ndi torque, koma mwina zimakuvutani kumvetsetsa momwe manambala a "mapaundi" amakwaniritsidwa. Khulupirirani kapena ayi, sizovuta.

Tisanalowe mwatsatanetsatane zaukadaulo, tiyeni tifotokoze mfundo ndi matanthauzidwe osavuta kuti akuthandizeni kumvetsetsa chifukwa chomwe mphamvu zamahatchi ndi torque zili zofunika kuziganizira. Tiyenera kuyamba ndi kufotokozera zinthu zitatu za kuyeza kwa injini yoyaka mkati: liwiro, torque, ndi mphamvu.

Gawo 1 la 4: Kumvetsetsa Momwe Injini Yakuthamanga, Torque, ndi Mphamvu Zimakhudzira Kagwiridwe Kanthu Konse

M'nkhani yaposachedwa m'magazini ya Hot Rod, chimodzi mwa zinsinsi zazikulu za momwe injini zimagwirira ntchito zidathetsedwa pobwerera ku zoyambira za momwe mphamvu zimawerengera. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti ma dynamometers (ma dynamometers a injini) adapangidwa kuti athe kuyeza mphamvu zamahatchi.

M'malo mwake, ma dynamometer samayesa mphamvu, koma torque. Chiwerengero cha torquechi chimachulukitsidwa ndi RPM pomwe amayezedwa ndikugawidwa ndi 5,252 kuti apeze mphamvu.

Kwa zaka zopitilira 50, ma dynamometer omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza torque ya injini ndi RPM sakanatha kuthana ndi mphamvu yayikulu yomwe injiniyi idapangidwa. M'malo mwake, silinda imodzi pa Hemis yowotcha ma kiyubiki 500 inchi imatulutsa pafupifupi mapaundi 800 oponderezedwa kudzera papaipi imodzi yotulutsa mpweya.

Injini zonse, kaya ndi injini zoyatsira mkati kapena zamagetsi, zimagwira ntchito pa liwiro losiyana. Nthawi zambiri, injini ikamaliza kuthamanga kwamphamvu kapena kuzungulira kwake, imapanga mphamvu zambiri. Zikafika pa injini yoyaka mkati, pali zinthu zitatu zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe ake onse: liwiro, torque, ndi mphamvu.

Kuthamanga kumatsimikiziridwa ndi momwe injini imagwirira ntchito. Tikayika liwiro la mota pa nambala kapena yuniti, timayesa liwiro la mota mozungulira mphindi imodzi kapena RPM. "Ntchito" yomwe injini imachita ndi mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda woyezeka. Torque imatanthauzidwa ngati ntchito yapadera yomwe imapanga kasinthasintha. Izi zimachitika pamene mphamvu ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku radius (kapena, kwa injini yoyatsira mkati, flywheel) ndipo nthawi zambiri amayezedwa ndi mapazi-mapaundi.

Horsepower ndi liwiro lomwe ntchito imachitikira. Kale, ngati zinthu zinkafunika kusunthidwa, nthawi zambiri anthu ankagwiritsa ntchito hatchi kuchita zimenezi. Akuti hatchi imodzi imatha kuyenda pafupifupi mamita 33,000 pa mphindi imodzi. Apa ndipamene mawu oti “mphamvu za akavalo” amachokera. Mosiyana ndi liwiro ndi torque, mphamvu yamahatchi imatha kuyesedwa m'magawo angapo, kuphatikiza: 1 hp = 746 W, 1 hp = 2,545 BTU ndi 1 hp = 1,055 joules.

Zinthu zitatuzi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kupanga mphamvu ya injini. Popeza torque imakhalabe yosasinthasintha, liwiro ndi mphamvu zimakhala zofanana. Komabe, pamene liwiro la injini likuwonjezeka, mphamvu imawonjezeranso kusunga torque nthawi zonse. Komabe, anthu ambiri amasokonezeka za momwe torque ndi mphamvu zimakhudzira kuthamanga kwa injini. Mwachidule, pamene torque ndi mphamvu zikuwonjezeka, momwemonso liwiro la injini. Zotsalira ndizowonanso: pamene torque ndi mphamvu zimachepa, momwemonso liwiro la injini limatsika.

Gawo 2 la 4: Momwe Ma Injini Amapangidwira Kuti Akhale ndi Torque Yambiri

Injini yamakono yoyaka mkati imatha kusinthidwa kuti ionjezere mphamvu kapena torque posintha kukula kapena kutalika kwa ndodo yolumikizira ndikuwonjezera bore kapena silinda. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa chiŵerengero cha bore ndi stroke.

Torque imayesedwa mu Newton mita. Mwachidule, izi zikutanthauza kuti torque imayesedwa mumayendedwe ozungulira a 360. Chitsanzo chathu chimagwiritsa ntchito injini ziwiri zofanana zokhala ndi m'mimba mwake (kapena silinda ya silinda). Komabe, imodzi mwa injini ziwirizi imakhala ndi "stroke" yayitali (kapena kuya kwa silinda komwe kumapangidwa ndi ndodo yayitali yolumikizira). Injini yotalikirapo imakhala ndi kayendedwe ka liniya pamene imazungulira m'chipinda choyaka ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kuti ikwaniritse ntchito yomweyo.

Torque imayesedwa mu mapazi a mapaundi, kapena kuchuluka kwa "torque" komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumaliza ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, tayerekezerani kuti mukuyesera kumasula boti ya dzimbiri. Tiyerekeze kuti muli ndi ma wrench awiri osiyana a mapaipi, wina wa mapazi 2 m'litali ndi wina 1 phazi lalitali. Pongoganiza kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yofanana (50 lb pressure) mukugwiritsa ntchito torque ya 100 ft-lbs pa wrench ya mapazi awiri (50 x 2) ndi ma 50 lbs okha. torque (1 x 50) yokhala ndi chowongolera mwendo umodzi. Ndi wrench iti yomwe ingakuthandizeni kumasula bawuti mosavuta? Yankho ndi losavuta - lomwe lili ndi torque yambiri.

Akatswiri akupanga injini yomwe imapereka chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha torque-to-horsepower kwa magalimoto omwe amafunikira "mphamvu" yowonjezera kuti ifulumizitse kapena kukwera. Nthawi zambiri mumawona ma torque apamwamba pamagalimoto olemera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokoka kapena ma injini ochita bwino kwambiri pomwe mathamangitsidwe ndiofunikira (monga mu chitsanzo cha NHRA Top Fuel Engine pamwambapa).

Ichi ndichifukwa chake opanga magalimoto nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kuthekera kwa injini zama torque kwambiri pazotsatsa zamagalimoto. Ma torque a injini amathanso kuonjezedwa posintha nthawi yoyatsira, kusintha kusakaniza kwamafuta / mpweya, komanso kukulitsa torque muzochitika zina.

Gawo 3 la 4: Kumvetsetsa Zosintha Zina Zomwe Zikukhudza Ma Torque Onse Omwe Amavotera

Pankhani yoyezera torque, pali mitundu itatu yapadera yomwe muyenera kuganizira mu injini yoyaka mkati:

Mphamvu Yopangidwa pa Specific RPM: Awa ndiye mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri ya injini yopangidwa pa RPM yoperekedwa. Injini ikamathamanga, pali RPM kapena mahatchi okhotakhota. Pamene liwiro la injini likuwonjezeka, mphamvu imakulanso mpaka kufika pamtunda waukulu.

Kutalikirana: Uwu ndi utali wa kugunda kwa ndodo yolumikizira: kutalika kwa sitiroko, torque yambiri imapangidwa, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.

Torque Constant: Iyi ndi nambala ya masamu yomwe imaperekedwa kwa ma motors onse, 5252 kapena RPM yokhazikika pomwe mphamvu ndi torque zimayenderana. Nambala ya 5252 inachokera pakuwona kuti mphamvu imodzi ya akavalo ndi yofanana ndi mapaundi 150 akuyenda 220 mapazi mphindi imodzi. Kuti afotokoze izi ndi torque ya phazi, James Watt adayambitsa masamu omwe adapanga injini yoyamba ya nthunzi.

Fomula ikuwoneka motere:

Kungoganiza kuti mphamvu ya mapaundi 150 imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa phazi limodzi la radius (kapena bwalo lomwe lili mkati mwa silinda ya injini yoyaka mkati, mwachitsanzo), muyenera kusintha izi kukhala ma kilogalamu a phazi.

220 fpm iyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku RPM. Kuti muchite izi, chulukitsani nambala ziwiri za pi (kapena 3.141593), zomwe zikufanana ndi 6.283186 mapazi. Tengani mapazi 220 ndikugawaniza ndi 6.28 ndipo timapeza 35.014 rpm pakusintha kulikonse.

Tengani mapazi 150 ndikuchulukitsa ndi 35.014 ndipo mumalandira 5252.1, nthawi zonse zomwe timawerengera mu mapaundi a torque.

Gawo 4 la 4: Momwe mungawerengere torque yamagalimoto

The chilinganizo makokedwe ndi: makokedwe = injini mphamvu × 5252, amene ndiye anawagawa ndi RPM.

Komabe, vuto la torque ndikuti limayezedwa m'malo awiri: molunjika kuchokera ku injini kupita ku mawilo oyendetsa. Zida zina zamakina zomwe zimatha kukulitsa kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa torque pamawilo ndi izi: kukula kwa ma flywheel, kuchuluka kwa ma transmission, ma axle ratios, ndi circumference tayala / gudumu.

Kuti muwerenge ma wheel torque, zinthu zonsezi ziyenera kusinthidwa kukhala equation yomwe imasiyidwa bwino pamapulogalamu apakompyuta omwe ali mu benchi yoyeserera. Pazida zamtunduwu, galimotoyo imayikidwa pachoyikapo ndipo mawilo oyendetsa amayikidwa pafupi ndi mzere wa odzigudubuza. Injiniyo imalumikizidwa ndi kompyuta yomwe imawerengera liwiro la injini, mapindikidwe amafuta ndi magiya. Ziwerengerozi zimaganiziridwa ndi liwiro la gudumu, kuthamanga, ndi RPM pamene galimoto imayendetsedwa pa dyno kwa nthawi yomwe mukufuna.

Kuwerengera ma torque a injini ndikosavuta kudziwa. Potsatira chilinganizo pamwambapa, zikuwonekeratu momwe ma torque a injini amayenderana ndi mphamvu ya injini ndi rpm, monga tafotokozera m'gawo loyamba. Pogwiritsa ntchito fomulayi, mutha kudziwa ma torque ndi mphamvu zamahatchi pamalo aliwonse panjira ya RPM. Kuti muwerenge torque, muyenera kukhala ndi data yamphamvu ya injini yoperekedwa ndi wopanga injini.

chowerengera cha torque

Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito chowerengera chapaintaneti choperekedwa ndi MeasureSpeed.com, chomwe chimafuna kuti mulowe muyeso wa mphamvu ya injini (yoperekedwa ndi wopanga kapena yodzazidwa panthawi yaukadaulo) ndi RPM yomwe mukufuna.

Ngati muwona kuti momwe injini yanu ikugwirira ntchito ndizovuta komanso ilibe mphamvu zomwe mukuganiza kuti ikuyenera kukhala nayo, funsani makina ovomerezeka a AvtoTachki kuti afufuze kuti adziwe komwe kumayambitsa vutoli.