Momwe nkhosa zinatsogoleredwera kokaphedwa...

Gulu la ana aku Denmark. Malinga ndi nthano, chithunzicho chinajambulidwa m’maŵa pa April 9, 1940, ndipo asilikali aŵiri sanapulumuke tsiku limenelo. Komabe, kutengera kutalika kwa mkangano ndi mtundu wa chithunzicho, nthanoyo ndizosatheka.

Mu 1939-1940, Germany inaukira mayiko angapo a ku Ulaya: Poland, Denmark, Norway, Belgium ndi Netherlands. Kodi kampeni zankhondo izi zimawoneka bwanji: kukonzekera ndi njira, zolakwa zomwe zidapangidwa, zotulukapo zake zinali zotani?

France ndi Great Britain, kapenanso ufumu wake wonse: kuchokera ku Canada kupita ku Ufumu wa Tonga (koma kupatula Ireland), adalengeza nkhondo ku Germany mu Seputembala 1939. Kotero iwo sanali - mwina osati mwachindunji - ozunzidwa ndi German nkhanza.

Mu 1939-1940, mayiko ena a ku Ulaya adagwidwanso: Czechoslovakia, Albania, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Luxembourg. Pakati pawo, ndi Finland yokha yomwe idaganiza zopereka zida, nkhondo zazing'ono zidachitikanso ku Albania. Mwanjira ina, "mwanjira", onse ang'onoang'ono ndi quasi-state adalandidwa: Monaco, Andorra, Channel Islands, Faroe Islands.

Chidziwitso cha Nkhondo Yaikulu

M'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, Denmark idachoka ku mphamvu yaying'ono kupita kudziko losafunikira. Kuyesera kuyika chitetezo chawo pamapangano ophatikizana - "mgwirizano wosalowerera ndale", "mgwirizano woyera" - unangobweretsa kuwonongeka kwa madera. Panthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, dziko la Denmark linalengeza kuti sililowerera ndale, linali lothandiza poyera kwa Germany, mnansi wake wamphamvu kwambiri komanso mnzake wofunika kwambiri pazamalonda. Anakumbanso nyanja za Danish kuti zikhale zovuta kuti zombo za ku Britain zilowe m'nyanja ya Baltic. Ngakhale izi, Denmark idapindula ndi Pangano la Versailles. Chifukwa cha plebiscite, gawo la kumpoto kwa Schleswig, chigawo chomwe chinatayika mu 1864 ndipo anthu ambiri a ku Danes, adalandidwa ku Denmark. Pakatikati pa Schleswig, zotsatira zovota sizinali zomveka, choncho m'chaka cha 1920, Mfumu Christian X inafuna kuchita zofanana ndi Kuukira kwa Third Silesian ndi kulanda chigawochi mokakamiza. Tsoka ilo, andale a ku Denmark adagwiritsa ntchito njira yachifumu kuti afooketse malo achifumu, adatsutsa, kunyalanyaza kuti akusowa mwayi wobwezera malo otayika. Mwa njira, adataya chigawo china - Iceland - chomwe, pogwiritsa ntchito vuto la nduna, adapanga boma lake.

Dziko la Norway linali ndi chiwerengero chofanana cha anthu. Mu 1905, adasiya kudalira Sweden - Haakon VII, mng'ono wake wa Christian X, adakhala mfumu. Pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, dziko la Norway silinalowererepo, koma - chifukwa cha zokonda zake zapamadzi - limakonda gulu la Entente, lomwe limalamulira nyanja. . Oyenda panyanja zikwi zingapo amene anafera zombo za 847 zomizidwa ndi sitima zapamadzi za ku Germany anautsa chidani cha anthu kwa Ajeremani.

Pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, Netherlands - Ufumu wa Netherlands - inali dziko losalowerera ndale. Kunali kumeneko, pamisonkhano ya ku The Hague, pamene mfundo zamakono zakusaloŵerera m’zandale zinapangidwa. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 1914, The Hague idakhala ndipo ikadali likulu la malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi. Mu 1918, a Dutch analibe chifundo ndi a British: m'mbuyomo adamenyana nawo nkhondo zambiri ndipo ankawatenga ngati ankhanza (kukwiyitsa kunatsitsimutsidwa ndi nkhondo yaposachedwapa ya Boer). London (ndi Paris) analinso mtetezi wa Belgium, dziko lomwe linapangidwa chifukwa cha Ufumu wa Netherlands. Panthawi ya nkhondo, zinthu zinangowonjezereka, chifukwa British ankachitira Netherlands pafupifupi mofanana ndi Germany - adatsekereza, ndipo mu March 1918 adagonjetsa zombo zonse zamalonda. Mu XNUMX, maubale a Britain-Dutch anali oundana: A Dutch adapereka pogona kwa mfumu yakale yaku Germany, yemwe a Britain - panthawi ya zokambirana zamtendere ku Versailles - adakonza "zosintha pamalire". Doko la ku Belgian la Antwerp linalekanitsidwa ndi nyanja ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka maiko ndi madzi achi Dutch, kotero izi zinayenera kusinthidwa. Chotsatira chake, mayiko omwe amatsutsanawo adakhalabe ndi Dutch, koma mgwirizano wabwino wa mgwirizano unasaina ndi Belgium, pochepetsa ulamuliro wa Netherlands m'gawo lotsutsana.

Kukhalapo - komanso kusalowerera ndale - kwa Ufumu wa Belgium kudatsimikiziridwa mu 1839 ndi maulamuliro aku Europe - kuphatikiza. France, Prussia ndi Great Britain. Pachifukwa ichi, a Belgis sakanatha kupanga mgwirizano ndi anansi awo nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse isanayambe ndipo - okha - adagwidwa mosavuta ndi nkhanza za Germany mu 1914. Mkhalidwewo unabwerezanso kotala la zaka zana pambuyo pake, nthawi ino osati chifukwa cha maudindo apadziko lonse, koma chifukwa cha zisankho zopanda nzeru za a Belgian. Ngakhale kuti analandiranso ufulu wawo wodzilamulira mu 1918 chifukwa cha khama la Great Britain ndi France, m’zaka makumi aŵiri pambuyo pa nkhondoyo anachita chilichonse kuti afooketse ubale wawo ndi mayikowa. Potsirizira pake, iwo anapambana, ndipo analipira ndi kuluza pankhondo ndi Germany mu 1940.