Momwe magalimoto amayesedwera chitetezo (momwe chitetezo cha IIHS chimagwirira ntchito)
Zamkatimu
Inshuwalansi Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) imapereka ziwerengero zachitetezo chagalimoto pamakina akutsogolo, kukhudzidwa kwapambali, zotchingira pamutu, ndi mphamvu zapadenga.
Inshuwalansi Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) imathandizidwa ndi mabungwe a inshuwalansi ya galimoto kuti apereke zizindikiro za chitetezo cha galimoto pofuna kuchepetsa kuvulala pa ngozi za galimoto. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za momwe kuwunika kwa chitetezo cha magalimoto a IIHS kumagwirira ntchito, choyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa zomwe IIHS imayesa, momwe kuyesako kumachitikira, komanso zomwe zotsatira zake zimatanthawuza pankhani yachitetezo chagalimoto.
O IIHS
Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1959, IIHS imayesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magalimoto atsopano ndi ogwiritsidwa ntchito, kuwayesa malinga ndi momwe amachitira mayesowa. Poyambirira, kuphatikiza mayeso a offset, IIHS idasintha kuyesa kwake kuti aphatikize mayeso opitilira muyeso mu 2012, omwe bungweli likukhulupirira kuti zikuwonetsa mphamvu zamagalimoto agalimoto kuposa mayeso omwe adagwiritsapo kale. Kuphatikiza pa kuyesa chitetezo, IIHS pachaka imatulutsa Top Safety Picks kwa magalimoto abwino kwambiri m'magulu osiyanasiyana.
Mitundu ya mayeso otetezedwa ochitidwa
Mitundu yoyesera yomwe IIHS imapanga imaphatikizanso mayeso a offset ndi kuphatikizana kutsogolo ndi mbali. IIHS imayesanso mphamvu ya denga, zotchinga pamutu ndi mipando.
Mayeso 1: mayeso angozi akutsogolo. Kugundana pamutu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa ngozi zapamsewu zakupha.
Ili ndiye gawo lalikulu la kuyesa kwa IIHS komwe cholinga chake ndi kukonza chitetezo chamsewu. Mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu yamayesero akutsogolo imaphatikizapo mayeso apakati komanso ang'onoang'ono.
Kuyesa kwapang'onopang'ono kwapang'onopang'ono kumagwiritsa ntchito chotchinga chopitilira mapazi awiri. Pachiyeso, 40 peresenti yokha ya kutsogolo kwa galimoto kumbali ya dalaivala ndiyo inagunda chotchinga. Galimoto imagunda chotchinga cha aluminiyamu cha zisa pa 40 mailosi pa ola (mph). Dummy yoyeserera imayikidwa pampando wa dalaivala ndipo mayesowo adapangidwa kuti ayese kugundana kwapatsogolo pakati pa magalimoto awiri olemera omwewo.
Pakuyesa kwakung'ono kwakutsogolo, galimoto yoyesera imayenda pa 40 mph ndikugunda chotchinga cholimba cha mapazi asanu. Chiyesochi chapangidwa kuti 25 peresenti yokha ya kutsogolo kwa galimoto kumbali ya dalaivala ndi yomwe imagunda chotchinga, kuyerekezera zomwe zimachitikira galimotoyo ikagunda chinthu monga mtengo kapena mtengo. Dummy yoyeserera imayikidwa pampando wa dalaivala panthawi yoyeserera yakutsogolo ndikulumikizana pang'ono.
Mayeso 2: Mayesero a kuwonongeka kwa mbali. Ziwopsezo zam'mbali zimapezekanso poyendetsa galimoto, zomwe zimapangitsa pafupifupi 25 peresenti ya anthu omwe amafa pamsewu ku US.
Kugundana kwa mbali kumakhala kovuta kuteteza, makamaka chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mbali za magalimoto kuti atenge mphamvu za kugunda chifukwa cha kusowa kwa malo. Ngakhale kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa galimoto kumakhala ndi madera okwanira kuti ateteze anthu okhalamo, mbali za galimotoyo sizitero.
Kuyesa kwa IIHS kwathandizira pakupanga matekinoloje opangidwa kuti ateteze okwera pamagalimoto ku zovuta zina, kuphatikiza ma airbags am'mbali ndikulimbitsa mawonekedwe onse agalimoto.
Poyesa zotsatira za mbali, IIHS imagwiritsa ntchito chotchinga cha 3,300-pounds chopangira SUV kuti igunde mbali ya dalaivala pa 31 mph.
Ma dummies ang'onoang'ono amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa ngozi yam'mbali chifukwa cha mwayi woti amayi avulala kwambiri padziko lapansi chifukwa chaufupi poyerekeza ndi amuna.
Mayeso 3: Mayeso Olimba Padenga. Ma rollovers agalimoto ndi mutu winanso wovuta kwambiri wokambitsirana pankhani ya ngozi.
Magalimoto akuyamba kuphatikizira machitidwe owongolera okhazikika pamagetsi pamapangidwe awo kuti apewe izi.
Mayeso a IIHS Roof Strength amayesa kuthekera kwa denga lagalimoto kuti lisasunthike padenga ndikusunga malo opulumuka mkati.
Kuti ayese izi, mayesero a IIHS amagwiritsa ntchito mbale yachitsulo yomwe imakankhira pambali pa denga pang'onopang'ono komanso nthawi zonse. Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi chiwerengero chotsimikiziridwa ndi mfundo yomwe denga la galimoto likuphwanyidwa ndi osachepera asanu.
Mayeso 4: Kuyesedwa kwa mutu ndi mpando. Ngakhale kuti imfa ndiyo zotsatira zoipitsitsa zomwe zingabwere chifukwa cha ngozi ya galimoto, khosi la khosi ndi sprains ndizovulala kwambiri.
Pogwiritsa ntchito dummy yapadera yoyeserera ya BioRID yokhala ndi msana wowona, IIHS imamangirira mipando yamagalimoto pachingwe choyesera. Silo yoyezera ndiye imathamanga ndikuchepetsa kutengera zomwe zimachitika pagalimoto mwadzidzidzi.
Cholinga chachikulu cha mayeserowa ndikufanizira zomwe zimachitika ku chitetezo cha galimoto pamsana wam'mbuyo, kugunda kwamtundu wambiri komwe kumayambitsa kuvulala kwa khosi.
Mayeso 5: Kupewa Kuwombana Patsogolo. Kuphatikiza pa mayeso otetezedwa omwe tawatchulawa, magalimoto ovoteledwa ndi IIHS amapatsanso galimotoyo kuti ipewe kugundana patsogolo.
Chiyembekezochi chimatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi machitidwe aliwonse omwe ali m'galimoto inayake kuti ateteze kugundana kwapatsogolo, kuphatikizapo chenjezo lakugunda kutsogolo ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
Zimaganiziranso ngati galimotoyo imagwiritsa ntchito makina oyendetsa okha kapena ayi.
Magalimoto amadutsa m'njira ziwiri zoyesera pozindikira momwe angapewere kugundana kutsogolo: yoyamba pa 12 mph ndi yachiwiri pa 25 mph. Mayesero onsewa amapatsa galimoto mfundo potengera momwe imachenjezera madalaivala kuti ikawombane.
IIHS Safety Ratings ndi zomwe akutanthauza
Mukamagula galimoto, muyenera kuyang'ana chitetezo cha IIHS kuti muwone ngati galimotoyo ili yotetezeka. Kudziwa ngati galimoto ili ndi chitetezo chabwino kapena choipa ndi chinthu chimodzi, koma muyenera kudziwa zomwe zikutanthawuza.
Mayeso 1: Mayeso a Frontal Crash Test. Popeza kuti anthu ambiri amafa pangozi zagalimoto chifukwa chogundana kutsogolo, kuyezetsa ngozi yakutsogolo lero kumathandizira kwambiri pakupanga umisiri wabwino kwambiri wamagalimoto.
Mayeso a IIHS Front Crash adapangidwa kuti ayese kukhulupirika kwathunthu kwagalimoto.
IIHS imagwiritsa ntchito njira yowerengera "zabwino", "zovomerezeka", "zam'mphepete", ndi "zosauka". Mavoti apamwamba kwambiri omwe galimoto ingalandire poyesa ngozi yakutsogolo ndi Yabwino, ndipo mavoti oipitsitsa kwambiri ndi Osauka.
Mayeso 2: Mayeso a Kuwonongeka Kwapambali. Kuyesedwa kwa ngozi yam'mbali kumatsimikizira momwe galimotoyo imachitira pogundana nayo.
Mayeso a ngozi yam'mbali amagwiritsa ntchito ziwerengero zofanana ndi zoyeserera zakutsogolo, zomwe zikuphatikiza Zabwino, Zovomerezeka, Zam'mphepete, ndi Zosauka. "Zabwino" ndiye mphambu yabwino kwambiri yomwe galimoto ingapeze mu mayeso amtunduwu, ndipo "Zoyipa" ndizoyipa kwambiri.
Mayeso 3: Mayeso oyesa mphamvu padenga. Ngakhale kuti sizodziwika ngati kugundana kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, galimoto yogwera padenga ndizotheka kuti IIHS imaganizira poyang'ana chitetezo cha galimoto.
Pogwiritsa ntchito magiredi omwewo a Zabwino, Zovomerezeka, Zotsika, ndi Zosauka, galimoto imangovoteledwa kuti Yabwino ngati imatha kupirira mphamvu zosachepera kanayi kulemera kwa galimoto mbale isanathyoke.
Kuti muyenerere mavoti ovomerezeka, chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ndi kulemera chimatsikira pa 3:5 ndi 2:5 pa mlingo wapakati. Chilichonse pambuyo pake chimatengedwa ngati mlingo woyipa.
Mayeso 4: Kuletsa mutu ndi mayeso a mpando. Ngakhale kuti kudziletsa kumutu ndi kuyesedwa kwa mpando sikunayesedwe kuyesa kuthekera koletsa kupha anthu pangozi, iwo amathandizira kuti ateteze kuvulala kwa khosi, zomwe ndizo zotsatira zofala kwambiri za ngozi.
Kuletsa kumutu ndi kuyezetsa mipando kumakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya zowunika. Kuti muvotere "Zabwino", mipando yagalimoto iyenera kukhala ndi geometric komanso kusintha kwa "Good".
Choyamba, ndi chiwerengero cha geometric chomwe chimayesa mphamvu ya njira iliyonse yoletsa mutu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'galimoto. Njira yoletsa mutu m'galimoto, yomwe makamaka imakhala ndi mutu wamutu, imaweruzidwa ndi kutalika kwa mpando wokhudzana ndi munthu wamtali wamtali. Headrest geometry imagawidwa m'modzi mwa zigawo zinayi za geometric kuphatikiza Zabwino, Zovomerezeka, Zam'mphepete, ndi Zosauka, pomwe Zabwino kukhala zabwino kwambiri komanso Zosauka kwambiri.
Yachiwiri ndi masinthidwe osinthika, omwe amayesa mipando yokhala ndi mavoti a geometry a "zabwino" kapena "zovomerezeka" pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a silori kuti ayesere kumbuyo. Cholinga cha mayesowa ndikuwunika momwe mpando umayankhira ku zotsatira zakumbuyo komanso momwe umathandizira torso, khosi ndi mutu wa dummy yoyeserera ya BioRID yopangidwa mwapadera. Mpando ndi chopumira chamutu ndiye chovotera Chabwino, Chovomerezeka, Chotsalira, kapena Chosauka.
Mayeso 5: Magawo Opewera Kugundana Kutsogolo. Mavoti opewera kugunda kwapatsogolo akuphatikiza mavoti a Superior, Advanced ndi Basic.
Kuti mupeze mlingo wapamwamba, magalimoto ayeneranso kugwiritsa ntchito makina oyendetsa galimoto ndipo ayenera kupeza mfundo zosachepera zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi pamayeso aliwonse. Magalimoto omwe amapeza mfundo ziwiri kapena zinayi poyesedwa amavotera Advanced, pomwe magalimoto omwe amapeza mfundo imodzi amavotera Basic.
Kusankha Kwabwino Kwambiri IIHS Security
Kuphatikiza pa kuwunika kwa chitetezo chagalimoto, IIHS imaphatikizanso mndandanda wapachaka wa Top Safety Picks. Magalimoto omwe ali pamndandandawo amagwera m'magulu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza Magalimoto Ang'onoang'ono, Magalimoto Ang'onoang'ono, Magalimoto a Mid-Range Mid-Size, Mid-Luxury/Near-Luxury Cars, Magalimoto Akuluakulu Abanja, Magalimoto Aakulu Apamwamba, Ma SUV Ang'onoang'ono, Magalimoto Apakati-Size, Ma SUV apamwamba apakati, ma SUV akulu, ma minivans ndi magalimoto akuluakulu onyamula.
Kuti musankhidwe pa List Top Safety List, galimoto iyenera kupeza mavoti Abwino pamayesero onse a ngozi, komanso mavoti oyambilira opewera kugundana.
Kusiyana pakati pa IIHS ndi National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
Kuphatikiza pa IIHS, NHTSA ndi bungwe la boma lomwe limayesanso chitetezo chagalimoto. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kuyesa kwa IIHS ndi kuyesa kwa NHTSA ndikuti kuyesa kwa IIHS kumalipidwa. Kuyesa kwa offset kumeneku kumawonetsa 40 peresenti yokha ya kutsogolo kwa galimoto yoyesedwa ndi chotchinga chopangidwa. Chifukwa chake, imayesa mphamvu zamagalimoto kuposa kuyesa kwa NHTSA. NHTSA imagwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kwathunthu kutsogolo, komwe kuli koyenera kuyesa malamba am'mipando ndi ma airbags. Kusiyana kwa mavoti nthawi zina kungakhale kwakukulu, ndi magalimoto ena kupeza bwino 4 pa NHTSA pamene magalimoto omwewo amaipa pa IIHS sikelo.
Poyang'ana mavoti a chitetezo cha galimoto ya IIHS, mukhoza kudziwa ngati galimoto yomwe mukufuna kugula ili yotetezeka kwa inu. Mukagula galimoto, muyenera kuisamalira kuti mukhale otetezeka pamsewu. Mutha kukwaniritsa izi polola kuti m'modzi mwamakaniko athu odziwa zambiri aziwunika chitetezo cha mfundo 75.
