Nthawi ya valve yosinthika. Zimapereka chiyani ndipo zimapindulitsa
Njira yogawa gasi imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakugwira ntchito kwa injini iliyonse. Njira yosinthira ma valve nthawi yasintha kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Chimachita chiyani?
Dongosolo la nthawi ya valve (yomwe imadziwika kuti kugawa gasi) ndiyomwe imayang'anira kuphatikizira kophatikizika, mwachitsanzo, kusakaniza kwamafuta ndi mpweya, ku silinda ndi kutulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya mu ndime zotulutsa.
Ma injini amakono amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya nthawi ya valve: OHV (camshaft yapamwamba), OHC (camshaft yapamwamba), ndi DOHC (camshaft yawiri pamwamba).
Koma pambali pa izi, nthawiyo ikhoza kukhala ndi makina apadera ogwiritsira ntchito. Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zamtunduwu ndi makina osinthira nthawi ya valve.
ADVERTISEMENT
Mulingo woyenera kuyaka
Nthawi yosinthira ma valve idapangidwa kuti ipeze magawo oyatsa bwino ndikuwongolera mphamvu. Ena anganene kuti zakhala zikudziwika kuti turbocharging imapereka mphamvu yoyenda bwino.
Komabe, supercharging ndi njira yokwera mtengo kwambiri yomwe imasiya chuma chamafuta kumbuyo. Panthawiyi, okonzawo ankafuna kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Izi zidachitika pokhazikitsa ngodya yotsegulira ya valavu imodzi kapena ina kutengera liwiro la injini panthawiyo, komanso mphamvu yakukakamiza chowongolera chowongolera.
- Masiku ano yankho ili likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzojambula zonse zamakono. Zimapereka kudzazidwa kwabwino kwa masilinda ndi osakaniza amafuta a mpweya poyerekeza ndi mayankho wamba, omwe adapangidwa kuti azithamanga kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwa injini, akutero Robert Puchala wa gulu la Motoricus SA.
Onaninso: Kodi muyenera kubetcherana pa injini yamafuta a turbocharged? TSI, T-Jet, EcoBoost
Njira yoyamba yosinthira nthawi ya valve idawonekera mu 1981 pa Alfa Romeo Spider. Koma kokha kumayambiriro kwa dongosolo ili (pambuyo kusintha) ndi Honda mu 1989 (VTEC dongosolo) chizindikiro chiyambi cha ntchito dziko la variable valavu nthawi dongosolo. Posakhalitsa machitidwe ofanana adawonekera mu BMW (Doppel-Vanos) ndi Toyota (VVT-i).
Chiphunzitso china
Poyamba, tiyeni timvetsetse mawu osokoneza awa - kusintha nthawi ya valve. Tikukamba za kusintha nthawi yotsegula ndi kutseka ma valve malinga ndi katundu wa injini ndi liwiro lake. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yodzaza ndi kukhetsa kwa silinda pansi pa katundu imasintha. Mwachitsanzo, pa liwiro lotsika la injini, valavu yolowera imatsegulidwa kenako ndikutseka kale kuposa kuthamanga kwa injini.
Zotsatira zake zimakhala zokhotakhota bwino, mwachitsanzo, torque yambiri imapezeka pamunsi pa rpm, zomwe zimawonjezera kusinthasintha kwa injini ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Mutha kuwonanso kuyankha kwabwinoko mukakanikiza chopondapo cha gasi pamayunitsi omwe ali ndi makina otere.
Mu Honda VTEC makina osinthira ma valve osinthika omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka za m'ma 90, ma seti awiri a makamera amavala amakhala pa shaft. Amasintha pambuyo pa 4500 rpm. Dongosololi limagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pa liwiro lalitali, koma moyipa kwambiri pa liwiro lotsika. Kuyendetsa galimoto yoyendetsedwa ndi dongosololi kumafuna kusintha kolondola.
Koma wosuta ali ndi galimoto ndi injini za 30-50 hp. amphamvu kwambiri kuposa mayunitsi okhala ndi voliyumu yogwira ntchito yomweyo popanda kusintha nthawi ya valve. Mwachitsanzo, Honda 1.6 VTEC injini umabala 160 HP, ndi muyezo nthawi Baibulo - 125 HP. Dongosolo lofananalo lidakhazikitsidwa ndi Mitsubishi (MIVEC) ndi Nissan (VVL).
dongosolo Honda patsogolo i-VTEC anatha kusintha injini ntchito pa revs otsika. Mapangidwewa amaphatikiza makamera pa shaft ndi hydraulic system yomwe imakulolani kuti musinthe momasuka mbali ya camshaft. Choncho, magawo a nthawi ya valve adasinthidwa bwino ndi liwiro la injini.
Kuwerenga koyenera: Dongosolo lotulutsa mpweya, chosinthira chothandizira - mtengo ndi kuthetsa mavuto
Mayankho ampikisano ndi VVT-i mumitundu ya Toyota, Double-Vanos ku BMW, Super Fire ku Alfa Romeo kapena Zetec SE ku Ford. Kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa ma valve kumayendetsedwa osati ndi makamera, koma ndi hydraulic phase shifter yomwe imayika mbali ya shaft yomwe makamera ali. Makina osavuta amakhala ndi ma angles angapo okhazikika omwe amasintha ndi RPM. Otsogola kwambiri amasintha ngodya bwino.
Zachidziwikire, makina osinthira nthawi ya ma valve amapezekanso pamitundu ina yambiri yamagalimoto.
Ubwino ndi kuipa
Tanena kale za ubwino wa injini zokhala ndi ma valve osinthika osintha nthawi pamwambapa. Uku ndikusintha kwamphamvu kwagawo lamagetsi pomwe kukhathamiritsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Koma monga pafupifupi makina aliwonse, makina osinthira nthawi ya valve alinso ndi zovuta.
"Makinawa ndi ovuta, okhala ndi mbali zambiri, ndipo ngati atalephera, kukonza kumakhala kovuta, komwe kumayenderana ndi ndalama zambiri," anatero Adam Kowalski, makanika wa ku Słupsk.
Ngakhale kukonza lamba wanthawi zonse, mtengo wokonzanso ukhoza kupitilira zikwi zingapo za zł. Tiyeneranso kuganiziridwa kuti sitidzakonza ndondomeko ya nthawi ya valve yosinthika mu msonkhano uliwonse. Nthawi zina zimangopita kukaona malo ovomerezeka. Komanso, kuperekedwa kwa zida zosinthira sizovuta.
- The downside ndi mtengo wogula galimoto yokha, ngakhale mumsika wachiwiri. Nthawi zonse amakhala okwera mtengo ndi makumi, ndipo nthawi zina ndi makumi angapo peresenti, kuposa anzawo popanda kusintha nthawi ya valve, makinawo akuwonjezera.
Turbo m'galimoto - mphamvu zambiri, koma zovuta zambiri. Wotsogolera
Choncho, m'malingaliro ake, munthu amafunikira galimoto kokha kwa mzinda, sizingatheke kuti agwiritse ntchito galimoto yokhala ndi injini yokhala ndi nthawi yosinthasintha. Adam Kowalski anati: “Mipata ya m’tauni ndi yaifupi kwambiri moti munthu sangathe kusangalala nayo chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka mafuta komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta moyenera.
Mechanics amalangiza, kuti mupewe zotsatira zosasangalatsa komanso ndalama zambiri valavu ikalephera, malamulo angapo ayenera kutsatiridwa.
"Ngati tigula galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito popanda kutsimikiza za mbiri yake ya ntchito, choyamba tiyenera kusintha lamba wa nthawi ndi zolimbitsa thupi ndi pampu yamadzi, ndithudi, ngati ikuyendetsedwa ndi lamba," akutero Robert Puchala wochokera ku Motoricus SA. Gulu.
