Choncho, nkhondo! Tesla: ma cylindrical elements okha, 4680. Volkswagen: yunifolomu yamakona anayi

Patsiku la Battery mu Okutobala 2020, Tesla adalengeza kuti apanga mawonekedwe atsopano a cylindrical cell, 4680, yomwe ipezeka posachedwa pamagalimoto ake. Patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, Volkswagen adalengeza maulalo amtundu wa cube omwe adzakhale maziko a pafupifupi gulu lonse, kuphatikiza magalimoto.

Volkswagen ikugwira ntchito, ikupanga kutsetsereka kwa zaka 2-3 zokha poyerekeza ndi Tesla

Zamkatimu

• Volkswagen ikugwira ntchito, ikupanga kutsetsereka kwa zaka 2-3 zokha poyerekeza ndi Tesla
  • Kodi zonsezi zikutanthauza chiyani kwa omvera ambiri?

Pali mitundu itatu ya maselo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto amagetsi:

• cylindrical (mawonekedwe a cylindrical) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Tesla,
• amakona anayi (Chingerezi prismatic), mwina chofala kwambiri pakati pa opanga miyambo, adaganiza zochita Zokhudza Volkswagen mkati mwa "single cell",
• saketi (chikwama), chomwe chimawoneka pomwe chofunikira kwambiri ndi "kufinya" kuchuluka kwa batri momwe kungathekere kuchokera ku mphamvu yomwe wapatsidwa.

Iliyonse mwa mitundu iyi ili ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zake: cylindrical kale anali otchuka kwambiri (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makamera ndi laputopu), kotero Tesla ndi Panasonic anali apadera mwa iwo. Amatsimikiziranso chitetezo chapamwamba. Sachet amalola kuti kachulukidwe kamphamvu kameneka kakwaniritsidwe, koma okonza ayenera kukumbukira kuti akhoza kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa voliyumu chifukwa alibe mipata yotulutsa mpweya uliwonse womwe ungatheke. Cuboids Izi ndi zomwe zili m'matumba muzolimba; njira yosavuta yowasonkhanitsira (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku midadada) ndi batire yopangidwa kale, komanso imakhala yolimba mwamakina.

Volkswagen amagwiritsa kale maselo amakona anayi, koma zikuwoneka kuti mawonekedwe awo osachepera pang'ono ndinazolowera kamangidwe ka galimoto. Maselo ogwirizana Ayenera kuwonekera koyamba mu 2023, ndipo mu 2030 ayenera kuwerengera mpaka 80 peresenti ya maselo onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Maselo atsopano sadzasinthidwa kukhala ma module (kuchokera ku cell kupita pakapakedwe), ndi mawonekedwe omwewo (mawonekedwe) ayenera kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chemistry mkati mwake:

• m'magalimoto otsika mtengo iwo adzatero Maselo a LFP (lithiamu iron phosphate)
• ndi zinthu zambiri adzagwiritsa ntchito maselo ochuluka mu manganese (ndi nickel)
• pa zitsanzo zosankhidwa akuwonekera Maselo a NMC (nickel-manganese-cobalt cathodes),
• ... ndipo kuwonjezera pa iwo, Volkswagen imakumbukiranso maselo olimba a electrolyte, popeza ili ndi 25% ya magawo a QuantumScape. Maselo olimba amalola kale kuwonjezeka kwa 30% ndikulipiritsa mu mphindi 12 m'malo mwa 20 (zotengera zofananira):

Ponena za anode, kampaniyo sipanga malingaliro aliwonse, koma lero ikuyesa graphite ndi silicon. Tsopano chidwi: Porsche Taycan ndi Audi e-tron GT ali ndi silicon anodechifukwa iwo akhoza mlandu ndi mkulu mphamvu (panopa: mpaka 270 kW).

Pamapeto pake Volkswagen ikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito maulalo ngati makonzedwe agalimoto (cell to machine) ndipo zikuwoneka ngati ma cell okhazikika asinthidwa kuti azichita izi. Komabe, Gululi lisanafike pamlingo uwu, liyenera kudutsa gawoli. batire yopanda ma module (cell-to-pack) - makina oyamba omangidwa motere adzakhala chitsanzo chopangidwa ndi ntchito ya Artemis Audi... Ndizotheka kuti tiwona mtundu wagalimoto iyi kale mu 2021.

Modular batire. Mafupa ake ndi maulalo. Chotsatira ndi maulalo, omwe si a ballast, koma mawonekedwe agalimoto - Volkswagen cell-to-car (c)

Zatsopanozi zitha kupangidwa m'mafakitole onse 6 omwe Volkswagen ikufuna kukhazikitsa pofika 2030. (ena ndi abwenzi). Yoyamba, yomangidwa ndi Northvolt, idzamangidwa ku Skelleftea, Sweden. Yachiwiri ili ku Salzgitter (Germany, kuchokera ku 2025). Wachitatu adzakhala ku Spain, Portugal kapena France (kuyambira 2026). Mu 2027, mbewu ku Eastern Europe iyenera kukhazikitsidwa, kuphatikiza Poland., Czech Republic ndi Slovakia adavomereza - palibe chisankho pano. Sizikudziwikanso komwe mbewu ziwiri zomaliza zidzamangidwa.

Kodi zonsezi zikutanthauza chiyani kwa omvera ambiri?

M'malingaliro athu ubwino waukulu wa maselo ogwirizana ndi kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira... Popeza zikhala zapadziko lonse lapansi, zodziwikiratu zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa mwanjira yomweyo zitha kugwira ntchito pazomera zonse zomwe zikukhudzidwa. Laboratory imodzi yofufuza ndiyokwanira mtundu umodzi wa chemistry. Ndizo zonse zikhoza kukhala kusamutsa kumitengo yotsika yamagalimoto amagetsi.

Ndipo ngakhale izi sizingachitike, Tesla, Volkswagen, Audi ndi Skoda adzatha kuyika mtengo pa msika wonsewo. Chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito ogulitsa akunja (onani Hyundai, BMW, Daimler,…) nthawi zonse kumatanthauza kusinthasintha komanso kukwera mtengo.

Chithunzi chotsegulira: ulalo wogwirizana wa mtundu wa Volkswagen (c) Volkswagen

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