Atapanga mapangidwe angapo otsogola komanso osapambana nthawi zonse a owononga matanki akuwala mu 1943, opanga ku Germany adakwanitsa kupanga zida zodzipangira zokha, zomwe zidaphatikiza kulemera, zida zamphamvu ndi zida zogwira ntchito. Wowononga thanki anapangidwa ndi Henschel pamaziko a galimotoyo yopangidwa bwino ya thanki ya kuwala ya Czechoslovak TNHP, yomwe inali ndi dzina lachijeremani Pz.Kpfw.38 (t).
Mfuti yatsopano yodziyendetsa yokha inali ndi chiboliboli chochepa chokhala ndi kupendekera koyenera kwa mbale za zida zam'mbali zam'mbali ndi zam'mbali. Kuyika kwa mfuti ya 75-mm yokhala ndi migolo yotalika 48 calibers, yokutidwa ndi chigoba chankhondo chozungulira. Mfuti yamakina ya 7,92-mm yokhala ndi chishango chachitetezo imayikidwa padenga la chombocho. Chassis amapangidwa ndi mawilo anayi, injini ili kumbuyo kwa thupi, kufala ndi mawilo oyendetsa ali kutsogolo. Gulu lodziyendetsa lokhalo linali ndi wailesi ndi intercom ya tank. Zina mwazoyikapo zidapangidwa ngati chowotchera moto chodziyendetsa chokha, pomwe chowotcha moto chidayikidwa m'malo mwa mfuti ya 75-mm. Kupanga mfuti zodziwombera zokha kunayamba mu 1944 ndipo kunapitilira mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo. Pazonse, pafupifupi makhazikitsidwe a 2600 adapangidwa, omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu odana ndi akasinja amagulu oyenda makanda ndi magalimoto.
Kuchokera ku mbiri ya chilengedwe cha wowononga thanki 38 "Hetzer"
Palibe zodabwitsa mu chilengedwe cha "Jagdpanzer 38". Ma Allies adaphulitsa bwino fakitale ya Almerkische Kettenfabrik mu Novembala 1943. Chotsatira chake, kuwonongeka kwa zipangizo ndi zokambirana za chomeracho, chomwe chinali chopanga chachikulu kwambiri zida zankhondo Nazi Germany, amene anapanga maziko a magawano odana akasinja ndi brigades. Mapulani opangira zida zotsutsana ndi akasinja a Wehrmacht ndi zida zofunikira anali pachiwopsezo.
Kampani ya Frederick Krupp inayamba kupanga mfuti zowononga ndi nsanja ya StuG 40 ndi pansi pa tanka ya PzKpfw IV, koma zinali zodula, ndipo panalibe akasinja a T-IV okwanira. Chilichonse chinali chovuta chifukwa cha chiyambi cha 1945, malinga ndi mawerengedwe, asilikali ankafunika mayunitsi osachepera 1100 pa mwezi wa makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu-millimeter odana ndi thanki mfuti self-propelled. Koma pazifukwa zingapo, komanso chifukwa cha zovuta ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo, palibe makina opangidwa mochuluka omwe angapangidwe mochuluka chonchi. Kafukufuku wa ma projekiti omwe alipo adafotokoza kuti chassis ndi mphamvu ya mfuti zodziyendetsa "Marder III" ndizodziwika bwino komanso zotsika mtengo, koma kusungitsa kwake kunali kosakwanira. Ngakhale, unyinji wa galimoto yankhondo popanda vuto lalikulu la kuyimitsidwa kunapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke chassis.
Mu Ogasiti-Seputembala 1943, akatswiri a VMM adapanga chojambula chamtundu watsopano wamfuti zodziyimira pawokha zotsika mtengo zokhala ndi zida zankhondo, zomwe zidali ndi mfuti zopanda mphamvu, koma, ngakhale kuti zidatheka kupanga magalimoto otere ngakhale bomba lisanachitike. mu November 1943, ntchitoyi sinadzutse chidwi. Mu 1944, Allies pafupifupi sanawononge gawo la Czechoslovakia, makampani sanavutikebe, ndipo kupanga mfuti kudera lake wakhala wokongola kwambiri.
Kumapeto kwa Novembala, kampani ya VMM idalandira chilolezo chovomerezeka ndi cholinga chopanga chitsanzo chochedwa cha "mfuti yamtundu watsopano" mkati mwa mwezi umodzi. Pa Disembala 17, ntchito yojambula idamalizidwa ndipo mitundu yamatabwa yamitundu yatsopano yamagalimoto idaperekedwa ndi "Heereswaffenamt" (Directorate of Armaments of the Ground Forces). Kusiyana pakati pa zosankhazi kunali mu chassis ndi malo opangira magetsi. Yoyamba idakhazikitsidwa pa thanki ya PzKpfw 38 (t), yomwe ili munsanja yaying'ono yomwe, yokhala ndi zida zopangira zida, mfuti ya 105-mm yopanda mphamvu idakwera, yomwe imatha kumenya zida za thanki iliyonse ya adani. mtunda mpaka 3500 m. Yachiwiri ili pa galimoto ya tank yatsopano yoyesera yoyesera TNH nA, yokhala ndi chubu ya 105-mm - anti-tank missile launcher, ndi liwiro la 900 m / s ndi mfuti ya 30 mm. Chosankha, chomwe, malinga ndi akatswiri, chinaphatikiza mfundo zopambana za chimodzi ndi china, chinali, titero, pakati pa matembenuzidwe omwe aperekedwa ndipo adalimbikitsidwa kuti amangidwe. Cannon 75-mm PaK39 L / 48 inavomerezedwa ngati zida za wowononga thanki watsopano, zomwe zinayikidwa muzitsulo zosawerengeka za "Jagdpanzer IV" ya sing'anga ya tank, koma mfuti ndi rocket sizinapangidwe.
Prototype SAU "Sturmgeschutz nA", yovomerezeka kuti imangidwe
Pa January 27, 1944, mtundu womaliza wamfuti wodziyendetsa wokha unavomerezedwa. Galimotoyo idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "mfuti yatsopano ya 75 mm pa PzKpfw 38 (t) chassis" (Sturmgeschutz nA mit 7,5 cm Cancer 39 L/48 Auf Fahzgestell PzKpfw 38 (t)). Epulo 1, 1944. kupanga kwakukulu kunayamba. Posakhalitsa mfuti zodzipangira zokha zidasinthidwa kukhala zowononga matanki opepuka ndipo adapatsidwa mndandanda watsopano "Jagdpanzer 38 (SdKfz 138/2)“. Pa December 4, 1944, dzina lawo la "Hetzer" linaperekedwanso kwa iwo (Hetzer ndi mlenje yemwe amadyetsa chilombo).
Galimotoyo inali ndi mapangidwe ambiri atsopano ndi mayankho aukadaulo, ngakhale opanga adayesetsa kugwirizanitsa momwe angathere ndi tanki yodziwika bwino ya PzKpfw 38 (t) ndi wowononga matanki a Marder III. Zitsulo zopangidwa ndi mbale zankhondo za makulidwe akulu zidapangidwa ndi kuwotcherera, osati ndi mabawuti - kwa nthawi yoyamba ku Czechoslovakia. Chombo chowotcherera, kupatulapo denga la zida zankhondo ndi injini, chinali chopanda mpweya komanso chopanda mpweya, ndipo pambuyo pa chitukuko cha ntchito yowotcherera, mphamvu ya ntchito ya kupanga kwake poyerekeza ndi hull yokhotakhota inatsika pafupifupi kawiri. Uta wa hull inkakhala 2 zida mbale ndi makulidwe 60 mm (malinga ndi deta zoweta - 64 mm), anaika pa ngodya lalikulu (60 ° - chapamwamba ndi 40 ° - m'munsi). Mbali za "Hetzer" - 20 mm - anali ndi ngodya zazikulu zokhotakhota, choncho adateteza bwino ogwira ntchito ku zipolopolo za mfuti za anti-tank ndi zipolopolo za mfuti zazing'ono (mpaka 45 mm), komanso ku chipolopolo chachikulu. ndi zidutswa za bomba.
Kamangidwe ka wowononga thanki "Jagdpanzer 38 Hetzer"
1 - 60-mm kutsogolo kwa zida zankhondo, 2 - mbiya yamfuti, 3 - mfuti, 4 - mfuti yamfuti, 5 - mfuti ya gimbal, 6 - MG-34 mfuti, 7 - kuyika zipolopolo, - N-mm denga zida mbale, 9 - injini "Prague" AE, 10 - makina otulutsa mpweya, 11 - fani ya radiator, 12 chiwongolero, 13 - ma roller, 14 - mpando wa loader, 15 - cardan shaft, 16 - mpando wa mfuti, 17 - ma cartridges amfuti, 18 - zida zamabokosi.
Mapangidwe a Hetzer analinso atsopano, popeza kwa nthawi yoyamba dalaivala wa galimotoyo anali kumanzere kwa olamulira aatali (ku Czechoslovakia, nkhondo isanayambe, dalaivala woyendetsa galimotoyo adatengedwa kudzanja lamanja). Wowombera mfuti ndi wonyamula katundu anayikidwa kumbuyo kwa mutu wa dalaivala, kumanzere kwa mfuti, ndipo malo a mkulu wa mfuti wodziyendetsa yekha anali kumbuyo kwa alonda a mfuti kumbali ya starboard.
Pakulowa ndi kutuluka kwa ogwira ntchito padenga la galimotoyo panali ziboliboli ziwiri. Lamanzere linali la dalaivala, wowombera mfuti ndi wonyamula katundu, ndipo lamanja la wolamulira. Pofuna kuchepetsa mtengo wamfuti zodziyendetsa zokha, poyamba zidali ndi zida zochepa zowonera. Dalaivala anali ndi ma periscopes awiri (nthawi zambiri imodzi yokha idayikidwa) kuti awonere msewu; wowomberayo amatha kuwona mtunda pokhapokha pakuwonekera kwa periscope "Sfl. Zfla", yomwe inali ndi gawo laling'ono. Chojambuliracho chinali ndi chida chodzitchinjiriza chomwe chimatha kuzunguliridwa mozungulira mozungulira.
Wowononga Tanki
Woyang'anira galimotoyo atatsegula chitseko amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chubu cha stereo, kapena periscope yakutali. Pamene chivundikiro cha hatch chinatsekedwa panthawi yowombera adani, ogwira nawo ntchito adalandidwa mwayi wofufuza malo omwe ali kumbali ya starboard ndi kumbuyo kwa thanki (kupatulapo periscope ya machine-gun).
Mfuti yolimbana ndi akasinja ya 75-mm yodziyendetsa yokha PaK39 / 2 yokhala ndi mbiya yotalika 48 idayikidwa pampando wopapatiza wa mbale yakutsogolo pang'ono kumanja kwa olamulira aatali agalimoto. Zolozera zamfuti kumanja ndi kumanzere sizinafanane (5 ° - kumanzere ndi 10 ° - kumanja) chifukwa chazing'ono za chipinda chomenyera nkhondo ndi breech yaikulu ya mfuti, komanso. monga kukhazikitsa kwake kwa asymmetrical. Aka kanali koyamba m'nyumba ya akasinja ya ku Germany ndi ku Czechoslovakia kuti mfuti yayikulu chotere ilowedwe m'chipinda chaching'ono chomenyera nkhondo. Izi zidatheka makamaka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito chimango chapadera cha gimbal m'malo mwa makina amfuti achikhalidwe.
Mu 1942-1943. injiniya K. Shtolberg anapanga chimango ichi kwa mfuti ya RaK39 / RaK40, koma kwa nthawi ndithu izo sizinalimbikitse chidaliro mu asilikali. Koma pambuyo kuphunzira Soviet kudziyendetsa mfuti S-1 (SU-76I), SU-85 ndi SU-152 m'chilimwe cha 1943, amene anali makhazikitsidwe ofanana chimango, utsogoleri German anakhulupirira ntchito yake. Poyamba, chimango chinagwiritsidwa ntchito pa owononga sing'anga thanki "Jagdpanzer IV", "Panzer IV / 70", ndipo kenako "Jagdpanther" lolemera.
Okonzawo anayesa kupeputsa "Jagdpanzer 38", chifukwa chakuti uta wake unali wodzaza kwambiri (chidutswa cha uta, chomwe chinapangitsa kuti utawo ukugwedezeke mpaka 8 - 10 cm poyerekeza ndi kumbuyo).
Padenga la Hetzer, pamwamba pa hatch yakumanzere, mfuti yodzitchinjiriza idayikidwa (ndi magazini yokhala ndi zozungulira 50), ndipo idakutidwa ndi chishango changodya. Ntchitoyi idayendetsedwa ndi chojambulira.
"Praga AE" - chitukuko cha Swedish injini "Scania-Vabis 1664", amene misa-opangidwa ku Czechoslovakia pansi chilolezo, anaikidwa mu dipatimenti mphamvu ya mfuti kudziletsa. Injiniyo inali ndi masilinda 6, anali odzichepetsa komanso anali ndi machitidwe abwino. Kusinthidwa "Praga AE" inali ndi carburetor yachiwiri, yomwe inakweza liwiro kuchokera ku 2100 mpaka 2500. Iwo amalola kukweza, pamodzi ndi liwiro lowonjezereka, mphamvu yake kuchokera ku 130 hp. mpaka 160 hp (Kenako - mpaka 176 hp) - kuchuluka kwa psinjika kwa injini.
Pa nthaka yabwino, "Hetzer" akhoza imathandizira kuti 40 Km / h. Pamsewu wa dziko lokhala ndi nthaka yolimba, monga momwe mayesero a Hetzer anagwidwa mu USSR akuwonetsera, Jagdpanzer 38 anatha kufika pa liwiro la 46,8 km / h. 2 akasinja mafuta mphamvu 220 ndi malita 100 anapereka galimoto ndi mayendedwe pa msewu waukulu wa makilomita 185-195.
Chipangizo cha ACS prototype chinali ndi zinthu za tanki ya PzKpfw 38 (t) yokhala ndi akasupe olimbikitsidwa, koma ndikuyamba kupanga misala, mawilo a msewu adawonjezeka kuchokera ku 775 mm mpaka 810 mm (odzigudubuza a thanki ya TNH nA. adayikidwa muzopanga zambiri). Kupititsa patsogolo maneuverability, njanji ya mfuti wodziyendetsa anakula kuchokera 2140 mamilimita 2630 mm.
Chophimba chonsecho chinali ndi chimango chosonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku magawo a T ndi ma profiles apakona, pomwe mbale zankhondo zimamangiriridwa. Zovala zankhondo zosasinthika zidagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chombo. Galimotoyo inkayendetsedwa ndi ma levers ndi pedals.
Pansi pa zida zankhondo za wowononga thanki "Hetzer"
Hetzer imayendetsedwa ndi injini yamphamvu ya silinda ya silinda yam'mwamba yamadzi-utakhazikika yamtundu wa Praga EPA AC 2800 yokhala ndi voliyumu yogwira ntchito ya 7754 cm XNUMX.3 ndi mphamvu ya 117,7 kW (160 hp) pa 2800 rpm. Rediyeta ndi voliyumu pafupifupi malita 50 inali kumbuyo kwa galimoto kuseri kwa injini. Mpweya womwe unali pa injini ya injini umatsogolera ku radiator. Kuonjezera apo, Hetzer anali ndi mafuta ozizira (kumene injini ndi mafuta otumizira adaziziritsidwa), komanso dongosolo loyambira lozizira lomwe linalola kuti dongosolo lozizira lidzazidwe ndi madzi otentha. Mphamvu ya akasinja mafuta anali 320 malita, akasinja anali refueled kudzera khosi wamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta pamsewu waukulu kunali malita 180 pa 100 Km, ndi 250 malita pa 100 Km. M'mbali mwa chipinda mphamvu anali akasinja awiri mafuta, thanki lamanzere anali ndi malita 220, ndi lamanja malita 100. Pamene thanki yakumanzere idakhuta, petulo amapopa kuchokera ku tanki yakumanja kupita kumanzere. Pampu yamafuta "Solex" inali ndi galimoto yamagetsi, pampu yamakina yadzidzidzi inali ndi galimoto yamanja. Clutch yayikulu yolimbana ndi youma, ma multi-disc. Gearbox "Praga-Wilson" mtundu wa mapulaneti, magiya asanu ndi kumbuyo. Torque idaperekedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida za bevel. Shaft yolumikiza injini ndi gearbox inadutsa pakati pa bwalo lomenyerapo nkhondo. Mabuleki akuluakulu ndi othandizira, mtundu wamakina (tepi).
Tsatanetsatane wa mkati mwa thanki wowononga "Hetzer"
Kuwongolera "Praga-Wilson" mtundu wa mapulaneti. Ma drive omaliza ndi mzere umodzi wokhala ndi mano amkati. Gudumu lamagetsi lakunja la galimoto yomaliza linalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi gudumu loyendetsa. Mapangidwe awa a ma drive omaliza adapangitsa kuti zitheke kutumiza torque yayikulu ndi kabokosi kakang'ono ka gearbox. Kutalika kwa 4,54 mita.
Katundu wapansi wa Hetzer wowononga matanki opepuka anali ndi mawilo anayi akulu akulu amisewu (825 mm). Zodzigudubuzazo zinkadindidwa kuchokera pazitsulo ndipo poyamba zinkamangidwa ndi mabawuti 16, kenako ndi ma rivets. Gulo lililonse analikulingirira mawiri awiri pogwiritsa ntchito kasupe wooneka ngati masamba. Poyambirira, kasupewo adatengedwa kuchokera kuzitsulo zazitsulo zokhala ndi makulidwe a 7 mm ndiyeno mbale zokhala ndi makulidwe a 9 mm.
Atapanga mapangidwe angapo otsogola komanso osapambana nthawi zonse a owononga matanki akuwala mu 1943, opanga ku Germany adakwanitsa kupanga zida zodzipangira zokha, zomwe zidaphatikiza kulemera, zida zamphamvu ndi zida zogwira ntchito. Wowononga thanki anapangidwa ndi Henschel pamaziko a galimotoyo yopangidwa bwino ya thanki ya kuwala ya Czechoslovak TNHP, yomwe inali ndi dzina lachijeremani Pz.Kpfw.38 (t).
"Praga AE" - chitukuko cha Swedish injini "Scania-Vabis 1664", amene misa-opangidwa ku Czechoslovakia pansi chilolezo, anaikidwa mu dipatimenti mphamvu ya mfuti kudziletsa. Injiniyo inali ndi masilinda 6, anali odzichepetsa komanso anali ndi machitidwe abwino. Kusinthidwa "Praga AE" inali ndi carburetor yachiwiri, yomwe inakweza liwiro kuchokera ku 2100 mpaka 2500. Iwo amalola kukweza, pamodzi ndi liwiro lowonjezereka, mphamvu yake kuchokera ku 130 hp. mpaka 160 hp (Kenako - mpaka 176 hp) - kuchuluka kwa psinjika kwa injini.
