Zamkatimu Wowononga thanki "Ferdinand" Ferdinand. Gawo 2 Ferdinand. Gawo 3 Kugwiritsira ntchito Kulimbana ndi ntchito. Gawo 2 Wowononga thanki "Ferdinand" ("Njovu") Mayina: 8,8 masentimita PaK 43/2 Sfl L / 71 Panzerjäger Tiger (P); Mfuti yowombera ndi 8,8 cm PaK 43/2 (Sd.Kfz.184). The Elefant fighter thanki, wotchedwanso Ferdinand, anapangidwa pamaziko a chitsanzo VK 4501 (P) T-VI H Kambuku thanki. Mtundu uwu wa thanki ya Tiger idapangidwa ndi kampani ya Porsche, komabe, zokonda zidaperekedwa ku mapangidwe a Henschel, ndipo adaganiza zosintha makope 90 a VK 4501 (P) kukhala owononga matanki. Pamwamba pa bwalo loyang'anira ndi chipinda chomenyera zida zankhondo adakwera, pomwe mfuti yamphamvu ya 88 mm semi-automatic yokhala ndi migolo ya 71 calibers idayikidwa. Mfutiyo inalunjika kumbuyo kwa galimotoyo, yomwe tsopano yakhala kutsogolo kwa gulu lodziyendetsa. Kutumiza kwamagetsi kunagwiritsidwa ntchito m'galimoto yake yapansi, yomwe inkagwira ntchito motsatira ndondomeko yotsatirayi: injini ziwiri za carburetor zimagwiritsa ntchito ma jenereta awiri amagetsi, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa magetsi omwe amayendetsa mawilo oyendetsa galimoto. Zina zosiyanitsa za unsembe uwu ndi zida zamphamvu kwambiri (kukhuthala kwa mbale zakutsogolo za hull ndi kanyumba kunali 200 mm) ndi kulemera kwakukulu - matani 65. Chomera chamagetsi chokhala ndi mphamvu ya 640 hp yokha. akhoza kupereka liwiro pazipita colossus 30 Km / h. M'malo ovuta, samayenda mwachangu kuposa munthu woyenda pansi. Owononga akasinja "Ferdinand" anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu July 1943 pa nkhondo ya Kursk. Iwo anali owopsa kwambiri pamene kumenyana pa mtunda wautali (wochepa-caliber projectile pa mtunda wa mamita 1000 anatsimikiziridwa kuboola zida 200 mm wandiweyani) panali milandu pamene thanki T-34 anawonongedwa pa mtunda wa mamita 3000, koma mu kumenyana pafupi ndi mafoni matanki T-34 adawaononga ndi zipolopolo kumbali ndi kumbuyo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu olimbana ndi akasinja olemera.  Mu 1942, Wehrmacht adatengera thanki ya Tiger, yopangidwa ndi kampani ya Henschel. Ntchito yopanga thanki yomweyi idalandiridwa kale ndi Pulofesa Ferdinand Porsche, yemwe, popanda kuyembekezera mayesero a zitsanzo zonse ziwiri, adayambitsa thanki yake yopanga. Galimoto ya Porsche inali ndi magetsi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mkuwa wambiri wosowa, womwe unali umodzi mwa zifukwa zotsutsana ndi kutengera. Kuphatikiza apo, kunyamula pansi kwa thanki ya Porsche kunali kodziwika chifukwa cha kudalirika kwake kocheperako ndipo kumafunikira chidwi chowonjezereka kuchokera kumagulu okonza magawo a tanki. Choncho, pambuyo zokonda anapatsidwa kwa thanki Henschel, funso linabuka pa ntchito okonzeka zopangidwa galimoto chassis wa akasinja Porsche, amene anakwanitsa kupanga mu kuchuluka kwa zidutswa 90. Asanu aiwo adasinthidwa kukhala magalimoto obwezeretsa, ndipo pamaziko a ena onse, adaganiza zomanga owononga matanki ndi mfuti yamphamvu ya 88-mm PAK43 / 1 yokhala ndi migolo ya 71 calibers, ndikuyiyika m'chipinda chokhala ndi zida zankhondo. kumbuyo kwa tanki. Ntchito yotembenuza akasinja a Porsche inayamba mu September 1942 ku Alkett plant ku St. Valentine ndipo inamalizidwa ndi May 8, 1943. Mfuti zatsopano zowukira zidatchulidwa Panzerjager 8,8 cm Рак43 / 2 (Sd Kfz. 184) Pulofesa Ferdinand Porsche akuyendera chimodzi mwa zitsanzo za thanki ya VK4501 (P) "Tiger", June 1942. Kuchokera ku mbiri Pa nkhondo ya chilimwe-yophukira 1943, kusintha zina kunachitika mu maonekedwe a Ferdinands. Chifukwa chake, papepala lakutsogolo la kanyumbako, mitsinje yamadzi amvula idawonekera, pamakina ena mabokosi a zida zopumira ndi jack yokhala ndi mtengo wake adasamutsidwira kumbuyo kwa makinawo, ndipo njanji zotsalira zidayamba kukwera pamwamba. pepala lakutsogolo la khosi. Kuyambira mu Januwale mpaka Epulo 1944, ma Ferdinands otsala adasinthidwa kukhala amakono. Choyamba, iwo anali okonzeka ndi mfuti MG-34 Inde makina wokwera kutsogolo mbale hull. Ngakhale kuti a Ferdinand ankayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomenyana ndi akasinja a adani pa mtunda wautali, zochitika zankhondo zinasonyeza kufunika kwa mfuti yotetezera mfuti zodziyendetsa pankhondo yapafupi, makamaka ngati galimotoyo idagundidwa kapena kuphulitsidwa ndi bomba. . Mwachitsanzo, pa nkhondo pa Kursk Bulge, oyendetsa ena ankachita kuwombera kuchokera MG-34 kuwala makina mfuti ngakhale mbiya. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti ziwoneke bwino, m'malo mwa hatch ya mtsogoleri wodziyendetsa yekha, turret yokhala ndi ma periscopes asanu ndi awiri adayikidwa (turret idabwerekedwa kwathunthu kumfuti ya StuG42). Kuphatikiza apo, mfuti zodzipangira zokha zidalimbitsa kukhazikika kwa mapiko, zida zowonera pawotchi za dalaivala ndi woyendetsa wailesi (zochita zenizeni za zida izi zidakhala pafupi ndi ziro), zidathetsa nyali, ndikusuntha kuyika. Bokosi la zida zosinthira, jack ndi ma track osungira kumbuyo kwa chombocho, zidawonjezera zida zowombera zisanu, zidayika ma grilles atsopano ochotsa pagawo lotumizira injini (ma grilles atsopano adateteza ku mabotolo a KS, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu ndi Ana a Red Army kuti amenyane ndi akasinja a adani ndi mfuti zodziyendetsa). Kuphatikiza apo, mfuti zodzipangira zokha zidalandira zokutira za zimmerite zomwe zimateteza zida zamagalimoto kumigodi yamaginito ndi mabomba a adani. Pa November 29, 1943, A. Hitler ananena kuti bungwe la OKN lisinthe mayina a magalimoto okhala ndi zida. Malingaliro ake am'dzina adalandiridwa ndikuvomerezedwa ndi lamulo la February 1, 1944, ndikubwerezedwanso ndi dongosolo la February 27, 1944. Malinga ndi zikalata izi, Ferdinand analandira dzina latsopano - Elefant 8,8 cm Porsche mfuti (Njovu 8,8 cm Sturmgeschutz Porsche). Kuyambira masiku amakono, zikhoza kuwonedwa kuti kusintha kwa dzina la mfuti zodzipangira nokha kunachitika mwangozi, koma panthawiyi, kuchokera pamene Ferdinands anakonzanso anabwerera kuntchito. Izi zidapangitsa kuti kukhale kosavuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa makina: galimoto yoyambirira idatchedwa "Ferdinand", ndipo mtundu wamakono umatchedwa "Njovu". Mu Red Army, "Ferdinands" nthawi zambiri amatchedwa unsembe aliyense wodziyendetsa yekha German zida zankhondo. Hitler nthawi zonse anathamangira kupanga, akufuna kuti magalimoto atsopano akhale okonzeka kuyamba Opaleshoni Citadel, nthawi imene mobwerezabwereza anaimitsa chifukwa cha kusakwanira kwa akasinja atsopano Tiger ndi Panther. Mfuti zowukira za Ferdinand zinali ndi injini ziwiri za carburetor za Maybach HL120TRM zokhala ndi mphamvu ya 221 kW (300 hp) iliyonse. Mainjiniwo anali mkatikati mwa bwalo, kutsogolo kwa bwalo lankhondo, kumbuyo kwa mpando wa dalaivala. Kukula kwa zida zam'tsogolo kunali 200 mm, zida zam'mbali zinali 80 mm, zapansi zinali 60 mm, denga la chipinda chomenyera nkhondo linali 40 mm ndi 42 mm. Woyendetsa ndi woyendetsa wailesi anali kutsogolo kwa chombocho, ndipo mkulu wa asilikali, wonyamula mfuti ndi awiri onyamula katundu kumbuyo. M'mapangidwe ake ndi masanjidwe ake, Ferdinand kumenya mfuti anali osiyana akasinja onse German ndi mfuti wodziyendetsa okha pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse. Kutsogolo kwa chombocho kunali chipinda chowongolera, chomwe chimakhala ndi ma levers ndi ma pedals, mayunitsi a pneumohydraulic braking system, tracker tensioners, bokosi lolumikizirana ndi masiwichi ndi ma rheostats, gulu la zida, zosefera mafuta, mabatire oyambira, wayilesi, mipando ya oyendetsa ndi wailesi. Chipinda chopangira magetsi chinali pakati pamfuti yodziyendetsa yokha. Analekanitsidwa ndi chipinda chowongolera ndi gawo lachitsulo. Panali ma injini a Maybach omwe anaikidwa mofanana, ophatikizidwa ndi majenereta, gawo la mpweya wabwino ndi rediyeta, matanki amafuta, kompresa, mafani awiri opangidwa kuti azitulutsa mpweya mchipinda chopangira magetsi, ndi ma mota amagetsi okokera. Dinani pachithunzichi kuti mukulitse (chidzatsegulidwa pawindo latsopano) Wowononga thanki "Njovu" Sd.Kfz.184 Kumbuyo kwake kunali malo omenyera nkhondo okhala ndi mfuti ya 88-mm StuK43 L / 71 (yosiyana ndi mfuti ya anti-tank ya 88-mm Pak43, yomwe idasinthidwa kuti iyikidwe mumfuti) ndi zida, mamembala anayi ogwira ntchito. analinso pano - mkulu, mfuti ndi loaders awiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ma traction motors anali m'munsi kumbuyo kwa chipinda chomenyera nkhondo. Chipinda chomenyerapo nkhondocho chinalekanitsidwa ndi chipinda chopangira magetsi ndi gawo lopanda kutentha, komanso pansi ndi zisindikizo zomveka. Izi zinachitidwa pofuna kuletsa mpweya woipitsidwa kulowa mchipinda chomenyerapo magetsi kuchokera kumalo opangira magetsi komanso kuti muzitha kuyatsa moto m'chipinda china. Kugawanika pakati pa zipindazo komanso, makamaka, malo a zida mu thupi la mfuti yodziyendetsa yokha kunapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kuti dalaivala ndi woyendetsa wailesi azitha kulankhulana payekha ndi ogwira ntchito kumalo omenyera nkhondo. Kulankhulana pakati pawo kunachitika kudzera pa foni yam'thanki - payipi yosinthika yachitsulo - ndi intercom ya tank. Kuti apange Ferdinands, zida za Tigers, zopangidwa ndi F. Porsche, zopangidwa ndi zida za 80-mm-100-mm, zinagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi yomweyo, mapepala am'mbali okhala ndi kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo adalumikizidwa kukhala spike, ndipo m'mphepete mwa mapepala am'mbali munali ma grooves a 20 mm pomwe mapepala akutsogolo ndi akumbuyo adadumphira. Kunja ndi mkati, mfundo zonse zinali welded ndi ma elekitirodi austenitic. Posintha matanki kukhala Ferdinands, mbale zam'mbali zopindika kumbuyo zidadulidwa kuchokera mkati - motere adapepuka ndikusandulika kukhala zowuma zowonjezera. M'malo mwawo, mbale zing'onozing'ono za 80-mm zidawotchedwa, zomwe zinali kupitiriza mbali yaikulu, yomwe pepala lakumbuyo lakumbuyo linamangiriridwa ku spike. Njira zonsezi zidatengedwa kuti gawo lakumtunda kwa chibowocho likhale lofanana, lomwe pambuyo pake linali lofunikira kukhazikitsa kanyumbako. Panalinso ma grooves a 20 mm m'munsi mwa mapepala am'mbali, omwe amaphatikizapo mapepala apansi omwe amatsatira. kuwotcherera mbali ziwiri. Mbali yakutsogolo ya pansi (kutalika kwa 1350 mm) idalimbikitsidwa ndi pepala lowonjezera la 30 mm lomwe lidakwezedwa mpaka lalikulu lomwe lili ndi ma rivets 25 okonzedwa m'mizere isanu. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwotcherera kunkachitika m'mphepete popanda kudula m'mphepete. Mawonekedwe apamwamba a 3/4 kuchokera kutsogolo kwa hull ndi deckhouse "Ferdinand" "Njovu" Dinani pachithunzichi kuti mukulitse (chidzatsegulidwa pawindo latsopano) Kusiyana pakati pa "Ferdinand" ndi "Njovu". "Njovu" inali ndi makina okwera mfuti, ophimbidwa ndi zida zowonjezera zowonjezera. Jack ndi matabwa ake anasunthidwa kumbuyo. Zotetezera kutsogolo zimalimbikitsidwa ndi mbiri zachitsulo. Zomata za njanji zotsalira zachotsedwa pamzere wakutsogolo. Nyali zakutsogolo zachotsedwa. Visor ya dzuwa imayikidwa pamwamba pa zipangizo zowonera dalaivala. Turret ya mtsogoleri imayikidwa padenga la kanyumba, mofanana ndi mfuti ya mkulu wa asilikali a StuG III. Pakhoma lakutsogolo la kanyumbako, ngalande zamadzi zimatenthedwa kuti zikhetse madzi amvula. Mapepala akutsogolo ndi akutsogolo okhala ndi makulidwe a 100 mm adalimbikitsidwanso ndi zowonera za 100 mm, zomwe zidalumikizidwa ndi pepala lalikulu ndi 12 (kutsogolo) ndi 11 (kutsogolo) mabawuti okhala ndi mainchesi 38 mm okhala ndi mitu yopanda zipolopolo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwotcherera kunkachitika kuchokera pamwamba ndi m'mbali. Pofuna kuteteza mtedza kuti usatuluke panthawi yoboola, ankawotchedwanso mkati mwa mbale zapansi. Mabowo a chipangizo chowonera ndi kukwera kwamfuti pamakina akutsogolo, omwe adatengera "Tiger" yopangidwa ndi F. Porsche, adalumikizidwa kuchokera mkati ndi zida zapadera zankhondo. Mapepala a denga la chipinda chowongolera ndi chopangira magetsi anayikidwa muzitsulo za 20 mm m'mphepete kumtunda kwa mbali ndi mapepala akutsogolo, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kuwotcherera mbali ziwiri. woyendetsa ndi wailesi. Chidutswa cha dalaivala chinali ndi mabowo atatu owonera zida, zotetezedwa kuchokera pamwamba ndi visor yankhondo. Kumanja kwa hatch ya woyendetsa wailesiyo, silinda yokhala ndi zida inali yowotcherera kuti iteteze kulowetsa kwa mlongoti, ndipo choyimitsa chinamangidwira pakati pa zingwe kuti mbiya yamfuti ikhale yotsekera. Kutsogolo kwa mbale zam'mbali zopindidwa za chikopacho kunali mipata yowonera dalaivala ndi woyendetsa wailesi. Mawonekedwe apamwamba a 3/4 kuchokera kumbuyo kwa hull ndi deckhouse "Ferdinand" "Njovu" Dinani pachithunzichi kuti mukulitse (chidzatsegulidwa pawindo latsopano) Kusiyana pakati pa "Ferdinand" ndi "Njovu". Elefant ili ndi bokosi la zida kumbuyo. Zotetezera kumbuyo zimalimbikitsidwa ndi mbiri zachitsulo. Nyundoyo yasunthidwa ku pepala lodula la aft. M'malo mwa zomangira zamanja kumanzere kwa pepala lakumbuyo lakumbuyo, zokwera za njanji zotsalira zidapangidwa. Kubwerera - Patsogolo >>