Wankhondo Kyushu J7W1 Shinden
Mtundu wokhawo wa Kyūshū J7W1 Shinden interceptor womangidwa. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osagwirizana ndi aerodynamic, mosakayikira inali ndege yachilendo kwambiri yomwe inamangidwa ku Japan pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.
Imayenera kukhala cholumikizira chachangu, chokhala ndi zida zopangira zida zankhondo zaku America za Boeing B-29 Superfortress. Inali ndi dongosolo losavomerezeka la canard aerodynamic lomwe, ngakhale kuti chitsanzo chimodzi chokha chikumangidwa ndikuyesedwa, mpaka lero ndi imodzi mwa ndege zodziwika bwino za ku Japan zomwe zinapangidwa panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Kudzipereka kunasokoneza kukula kwa ndege zachilendozi.
Kapitawo anali mlengi wa lingaliro lankhondo la Shinden. Mar. (tai) Masaoki Tsuruno, yemwe kale anali woyendetsa ndege zapamadzi akutumikira ku Dipatimenti ya Aviation (Hikoki-bu) ya Naval Aviation Arsenal (Kaigun Koku Gijutsusho; Kugisho mwachidule) ku Yokosuka. Chakumapeto kwa 1942/43, mwakufuna kwake, adayamba kupanga womenya nkhondo yosagwirizana ndi "bakha" kasinthidwe ka ndege, i.e. okhala ndi nthenga zopingasa kutsogolo (patsogolo pakatikati pa mphamvu yokoka) ndi mapiko kumbuyo (kuseri kwapakati pa mphamvu yokoka). Dongosolo la "bakha" silinali lachilendo, m'malo mwake - ndege zambiri za nthawi ya upainiya pakukula kwa ndege zidamangidwa mu kasinthidwe uku. Pambuyo pa zomwe zimatchedwa Mu classical masanjidwe, ndege zokhala ndi nthenga zakutsogolo zinali zosowa ndipo sizinapitirire kuchuluka kwa kuyesa.
Prototype J7W1 atagwidwa ndi aku America. Ndegeyo tsopano ikukonzedwa pambuyo pa kuwonongeka komwe anthu aku Japan adachita, koma sipakapaka utoto. Kupatuka kwakukulu kuchokera pakuyima kwa zida zofikira kumawonekera bwino.
Mapangidwe a "bakha" ali ndi zabwino zambiri kuposa zachikale. Empennage imapanga kukweza kwina (mu mawonekedwe akale, mchira umapanga mphamvu yonyamulira yosiyana kuti igwirizane ndi nthawi yokweza), kotero kuti kulemera kwinakwake ndizotheka kupanga chowulukira chokhala ndi mapiko okhala ndi malo ang'onoang'ono okweza. Kuyika mchira wopingasa mu mpweya wosasokonezeka kutsogolo kwa mapiko kumapangitsa kuti munthu aziyenda mozungulira mozungulira phula. Mchira ndi mapiko sizikuzunguliridwa ndi mtsinje wa mpweya, ndipo fuselage yopita kutsogolo imakhala ndi gawo laling'ono, lomwe limachepetsa kukoka kwa aerodynamic kwa airframe.
Palibe chodabwitsa, chifukwa pamene ngodya ya kuukira ikuwonjezeka kufika pamtengo wovuta, kuyendayenda kumayamba kusweka ndipo mphamvu yokweza pamchira wakutsogolo imatayika, zomwe zimapangitsa mphuno ya ndegeyo kuti ikhale yotsika, ndipo potero kugunda kumachepa, zomwe zimalepheretsa kulekana kwa ndegeyo. jets ndi kutayika kwa chonyamulira mphamvu pa mapiko. Malo ang'onoang'ono kutsogolo kwa fuselage ndi cockpit kutsogolo kwa mapiko amathandizira kuwoneka kutsogolo ndi pansi mpaka m'mbali. Kumbali inayi, mu dongosolo loterolo ndizovuta kwambiri kuonetsetsa kuti kukhazikika kokwanira (ofananira nawo) kukhazikika komanso kuwongolera mozungulira ma axis yaw, komanso kukhazikika kwautali pambuyo pa kupotoza kwa flap (i.e. pambuyo pakuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mapiko). ).
M'ndege yooneka ngati bakha, njira yodziŵika bwino kwambiri ndiyo kuyika injini kumbuyo kwa fuselage ndikuyendetsa chopalasira ndi ma pusher blade. Ngakhale izi zingayambitse mavuto ena pakuwonetsetsa kuziziritsa koyenera kwa injini ndi mwayi woti awunikenso kapena kukonzanso, zimamasula malo pamphuno kuti akhazikitse zida zomwe zimakhazikika pafupi ndi mbali yotalikirapo ya fuselage. Komanso, injini ili kuseri kwa woyendetsa.
amapereka chitetezo chowonjezera moto. Komabe, pakagwa mwadzidzidzi atadzutsidwa pabedi, imatha kuphwanya malo oyendera. Dongosolo loyenda pang'onopang'ono limeneli linkafuna kugwiritsa ntchito chassis yakutsogolo, yomwe inali yachilendo kwambiri ku Japan panthawiyo.
Mapangidwe a ndege omwe adapangidwa motere adatumizidwa ku Dipatimenti Yaumisiri ya Main Aviation Directorate of the Navy (Kaigun Koku Honbu Gijutsubu) ngati phungu wa interceptor wamtundu wa otsu (chidule cha kyokuchi) (onani bokosi). Malinga ndi kuwerengetsera koyambirira, ndegeyo imayenera kukhala ndikuyenda bwino kwambiri kuposa injini yamapasa ya Nakajima J5N1 Tenrai, yomwe idapangidwa motsatira ndondomeko ya 18-shi kyokusen ya Januware 1943. Chifukwa cha machitidwe osagwirizana ndi aerodynamic, mapangidwe a Tsuruno adakumana ndi kukayikira. kapena, makamaka, kusakhulupirira kumbali ya akuluakulu a Kaigun Koku Honbu. Komabe, adalandira chithandizo champhamvu kuchokera kwa Comdr. Lieutenant (chusa) Minoru Gendy of the Naval General Staff (Gunreibu).
Kuyesa makhalidwe ndege wa womenya tsogolo, anaganiza choyamba kumanga ndi kuyesa mu ndege experimental MXY6 airframe (onani bokosi), amene ali chimodzimodzi masanjidwe aerodynamic ndi miyeso monga womenyayo. Mu August 1943, chitsanzo cha 1: 6 chinayesedwa mu ngalande ya mphepo ku Kugisho. Zotsatira zawo zidatsimikizira, kutsimikizira kulondola kwa lingaliro la Tsuruno ndikupereka chiyembekezo cha kupambana kwa ndege yomwe adapanga. Choncho, mu February 1944, Kaigun Koku Honbu adavomereza lingaliro la kupanga womenya nkhondo yosagwirizana, kuphatikizapo pulogalamu ya chitukuko cha ndege zatsopano monga cholumikizira chamtundu wa otsu. Ngakhale sichinakhazikitsidwe mwadongosolo mkati mwa 18-shi kyokusen specifications, imatchedwa m'malo mwa J5N1 yomwe inalephera.
