Wowombera bomba wa Panavia Tornado
Wowombera bomba wa Panavia Tornado
Pamene Tornados anayamba kutumikiridwa mu 1979, palibe amene ankayembekezera kuti pambuyo pa zaka 37 adzapitirizabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Poyambirira adapangidwa kuti amenyane ndi nkhondo yayikulu pakati pa NATO ndi Warsaw Pact, adapezekanso ali mumikhalidwe yatsopano. Chifukwa cha kusinthika mwadongosolo, oponya mabomba a Tornado akadali gawo lofunikira lankhondo za Great Britain, Italy ndi Germany.
M'zaka za m'ma 104, ntchito inayambika pakupanga ndege zatsopano zankhondo m'mayiko a European NATO. Zakhala zikuchitika ku UK (makamaka kufunafuna wolowa m'malo mwa Canberra tactical mabomba), France (akufuna mapangidwe ofanana), Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, Italy ndi Canada (kuti alowe m'malo mwa F-91G Starfighter ndi G-XNUMXG).
Dziko la UK, litatha kuletsa pulogalamu ya oponya mabomba a TSR-2 a British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) ndikukana kugula makina a American F-111K, adaganiza zokhazikitsa mgwirizano ndi France. Chifukwa chake idabadwa pulogalamu yomanga ndege ya AFVG (Chingerezi-French variable geometry) - kapangidwe kake ka Britain-French (BAC-Dassault), yomwe imayenera kukhala ndi mapiko osinthika a geometry, kukhala ndi kulemera kwa 18 kg ndikunyamula 000. Ma kilogalamu a ndege zankhondo, amakulitsa liwiro la 4000 km / h (Ma = 1480) pamalo otsika ndi 1,2 km / h (Ma = 2650) pamalo okwera ndipo amakhala ndi ma tactical osiyanasiyana a 2,5 km. Kutumiza kwa BBM kumayenera kukhala ndi ma injini awiri a turbine jet opangidwa ndi SNECMA-Bristol Siddeley consortium. Ogwiritsa ntchito ake anali oti akhale oyendetsa ndege apanyanja komanso magulu ankhondo aku Great Britain ndi France.
Ntchito yofufuza yomwe idayamba pa Ogasiti 1, 1965 mwachangu idapangitsa kuti ziganizo zosapambana - ziwerengero ziwonetse kuti mapangidwe oterowo adzakhala aakulu kwambiri kwa onyamulira ndege zatsopano za French Foch. Kumayambiriro kwa 1966, gulu lankhondo laku Britain linasiyanso gulu la ogwiritsa ntchito amtsogolo, chifukwa choganiza zochotsa zonyamulira ndege zapamwamba ndikuyang'ana mayunitsi ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi omenyera ndege ndi ma helikopita a VTOL. . Izi zikutanthawuza kuti pambuyo pogula omenyera a F-4 Phantom II, UK potsiriza inayang'ana pa kugunda kwa mapangidwe atsopano. Mu May 1966, nduna za chitetezo m'mayiko onsewa anapereka ndondomeko ya pulogalamu - malinga ndi iwo, kuyesa kuthawa kwa BBVG prototype kunachitika mu 1968, ndi kutumiza magalimoto opanga mu 1974.
Komabe, kale mu November 1966, zinaonekeratu kuti magetsi anaikidwa kwa AFVG adzakhala ofooka kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito yonseyo "itha "kudyedwa" ndi kukwera mtengo kwachitukuko chonse - izi zinali zofunika kwambiri ku France. Kuyesera kuchepetsa mtengo wopangira mapangidwewo sikunapambane ndipo pa June 29, 1967, Afalansa anakana kugwirizana nawo pa ndege. Chifukwa cha sitepeyi chinalinso kukakamizidwa ndi mabungwe a zida zankhondo ku France komanso oyang'anira Dassault, omwe panthawiyo anali kugwira ntchito pa ndege ya Mirage G yosinthika.
Pazifukwa izi, UK idaganiza zopitiliza pulogalamuyo yokha, ndikuipatsa dzina UKVG (United Kingdom Variable Geometry), zomwe zidapangitsa kuti tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane za FCA (ndege yamtsogolo yankhondo) ndi ACA (Ndege Yopambana Kwambiri).
Mayiko ena onse adazungulira Germany mothandizidwa ndi makampani oyendetsa ndege aku America. Chotsatira cha ntchito imeneyi chinali NKF (Neuen Kampfflugzeug) ntchito - mpando umodzi-injini ndege ndi Pratt & Whitney TF30 injini.
Panthawi ina, gulu lomwe likufuna wolowa m'malo mwa F-104G Starfighter linapempha UK kuti agwirizane. Kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane malingaliro anzeru ndi luso komanso zotsatira za ntchito yomwe idachitika idapangitsa kuti pakhale chisankho chopititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha ndege ya NKF, yomwe imayenera kukulitsidwa, ndikutha kulimbana ndi zolinga zapansi pa nyengo iliyonse, tsiku. ndi usiku. usiku. Imayenera kukhala galimoto yokhoza kulowa mu Warsaw Pact air defense system ndikugwira ntchito mozama m'dera la adani, osati chabe ndege yothandizira pansi pankhondo.
Potsatira njira iyi, mayiko awiri - Belgium ndi Canada - adachoka pa ntchitoyi. Phunzirolo linamalizidwa mu July 1968, pamene adakonzedwa kuti apange njira ziwiri. Anthu a ku Britain ankafunika ndege ziwiri, yokhala ndi mipando iwiri yomwe imatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya komanso zida zankhondo. Ajeremani ankafuna galimoto yosinthika kwambiri yokhala ndi mpando umodzi, komanso yokhala ndi zida za AIM-7 Sparrow zapakati pa air-to-air guided. Kugwirizana kwina kunali kofunika kuti mtengo ukhale wotsika. Motero, pulogalamu yomanga ya MRCA (Multi-Role Combat Aircraft) inayambika.
