Wankhondo Bell P-63 Kingcobra
Bell P-63A-9 (42-69644) mu imodzi mwa ndege zoyesa. Mfumu cobra idakopa chidwi chochepa kuchokera ku US Air Force, koma idapangidwa mochuluka poyambirira.
kwa Soviet Union.
The Bell P-63 Kingcobra anali wachiwiri American laminar mapiko womenya pambuyo Mustang, ndi yekha American mpando-mpando womenya ndege kuwuluka mu mawonekedwe prototype pambuyo kuukira Japanese pa Pearl Harbor, ndipo anapita kupanga misa pa nkhondo. Ngakhale kuti R-63 sanadzutse chidwi kwambiri mu US Air Force, izo zinapangidwa kochuluka kwa zosowa za ogwirizana, makamaka USSR. Nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse itatha, asilikali a ku France ankagwiritsanso ntchito ma Kingcobra pankhondo.
Chakumapeto kwa 1940, ogwira ntchito za Air Corps ku Wright Field, Ohio, anayamba kukhulupirira kuti P-39 Airacobra sichingapange cholumikizira chapamwamba chapamwamba. Kuwongolera kokulirapo kungangobweretsa kugwiritsa ntchito injini yamphamvu kwambiri komanso kuchepetsa kukoka kwa aerodynamic. Kusankha kunagwera pa Continental V-12-1430 1-silinda mu mzere wamadzi-utakhazikika V-injini yokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya 1600-1700 hp. M'zaka zapitazi, United States Air Force (USAAC) idapereka ndalama zambiri pakukula kwake, ndikuiona ngati njira ina ya injini ya Allison V-1710. Chaka chomwecho, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) idapanga zomwe zimadziwika kuti laminar airfoil kutengera kafukufuku yemwe adachitika ku Langley Memorial Aviation Laboratory (LMAL) ndi Eastman Nixon Jacobs yemwe adamaliza maphunziro ku UCLA. Mbiri yatsopanoyi idadziwika kuti makulidwe ake opitilira muyeso adachokera pa 40 mpaka 60 peresenti. chord (mbiri wamba amakhala ndi makulidwe apamwamba osapitilira 25% ya chord). Izi zinapangitsa kuti laminar (yosasokonezedwa) aziyenda pamtunda waukulu kwambiri wa mapiko, zomwe zimachititsa kuti mpweya ukhale wochepa kwambiri. Okonza ndi asilikali ankayembekezera kuti kuphatikiza injini yamphamvu ndi airframe bwino aerodynamically kungachititse kuti pakhale interceptor bwino.
M'katikati mwa February 1941, okonza Bell Aircraft Corporation anakumana ndi oimira dipatimenti yazinthu kuti akambirane za kuthekera komanga womenya nkhondo yatsopano. Bell adapereka malingaliro awiri, Model 23, P-39 yosinthidwa yokhala ndi injini ya V-1430-1, ndi Model 24, ndege yatsopano yamapiko a laminar. Yoyamba inali yofulumira kukhazikitsa malinga ngati injini yatsopano ikupezeka pa nthawi yake. Chachiwiri chinkafuna nthawi yochulukirapo pa gawo la kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, koma zotsatira zake ziyenera kukhala zabwino kwambiri. Malingaliro onsewa adakopa chidwi cha USAAC ndipo adayambitsa chitukuko cha XP-39E (yotchulidwa m'nkhani ya P-39 Airacobra) ndi P-63 Kingcobra. Pa Epulo 1, Bell adapereka mwatsatanetsatane za Model 24 ku dipatimenti ya Zida Zopangira, komanso kuyerekezera mtengo. Patatha pafupifupi miyezi iwiri yakukambirana, pa June 27, Bell adalandira mgwirizano #W535-ac-18966 kuti apange ma prototypes awiri owuluka a Model 24, osankhidwa XP-63 (nambala za 41-19511 ndi 41-19512; XR-631-1) ndi kuyesa kwa static ndi kutopa kwa airframe yapansi.
Ntchitoyi
Ntchito pakupanga koyambirira kwa Model 24 idayamba kumapeto kwa 1940. Mapangidwe aukadaulo a XP-63 adapangidwa ndi Eng. Daniel J. Fabrisi, Jr. Ndegeyo inali ndi silhouette yofanana ndi P-39, yomwe inali chifukwa cha kusunga ndondomeko yofanana - mapiko otsika a cantilever okhala ndi giya yofikira katatu yokhala ndi gudumu lakutsogolo, 37-mm. mizinga ikuwombera kudzera muzitsulo za propeller, injini yomwe ili pafupi ndi pakati pa mphamvu yokoka ndi malo oyendetsa ndege pakati pa mfuti ndi injini. Mapangidwe a airframe anali atsopano kotheratu. Panthawi yokonza, pafupifupi zigawo zonse ndi zomangamanga zinamalizidwa, kotero kuti pamapeto pake, R-39 ndi R-63 analibe magawo ofanana. Poyerekeza ndi R-39D, kutalika kwa ndege chawonjezeka kuchokera 9,19 mpaka 9,97 m, kutalika kwa mchira yopingasa kuchokera 3962 mpaka 4039 mm, njanji ya zida ankatera waukulu kuchokera 3454 kuti 4343 mamilimita, m'munsi ankatera zida. 3042 mm. mpaka 3282 mm. Only m'lifupi pazipita fuselage, anatsimikiza ndi m'lifupi injini, anakhalabe osasintha ndipo anakwana 883 mm. Chophimba cha okwera ndege chinasinthidwa kuti chiphatikizepo magalasi a 38 mm wandiweyani osasunthika mu galasi lakutsogolo. Mchira woyima unalinso ndi mawonekedwe atsopano. Zikepe ndi zowongolera zinali zophimbidwa ndi chinsalu, ndipo ma ailerons ndi zotchingira zinali zokutidwa ndi zitsulo. Makanema ochotsamo ndi ma hatchi olowera akulitsidwa kuti amakaniko azitha kupeza zida ndi zida mosavuta.
Komabe, luso lofunika kwambiri linali NACA 66 (215) -116/216 mapiko a laminar airfoil. Mosiyana ndi mapiko a R-39, iwo anali ndi mapangidwe opangidwa ndi matabwa awiri - chachikulu ndi chothandizira kumbuyo, chomwe chimagwirizanitsa ma ailerons ndi zipsera. Kuwonjezeka kwa mizu yoyambira kuchokera ku 2506 mpaka 2540 mm ndi kutalika kuchokera ku 10,36 mpaka 11,68 m kunayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa 19,81 mpaka 23,04 m2. Mapikowo anamangirira ku fuselage pa ngodya ya 1 ° 18' ndipo anali ndi kukwera kwa 3 ° 40'. M'malo mwa zomangira za ng'ona, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. 1:2,5 ndi 1:12 masikelo a mapiko, mchira ndi ndege zonse zayesedwa kwambiri mu ngalande zamphepo za NACA LMAL ku Langley Field, Virginia, ndi ku Wright Field. Mayeserowa adatsimikizira kulondola kwa lingaliro la Jacobs ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo analola opanga Bell kuti akonzenso mapangidwe a ailerons ndi flaps, komanso mawonekedwe a glycol ndi mpweya wozizira wa mafuta.
Choyipa chachikulu cha mapiko a laminar airfoil chinali chakuti, kuti asunge mawonekedwe awo a aerodynamic, amayenera kukhala ndi malo osalala kwambiri, opanda ma protrusions ndi mabampu omwe amatha kusokoneza mpweya. Akatswiri ndi okonza a NACA anali ndi nkhawa ngati njira yopangira misa ingathe kutulutsanso mawonekedwe a mbiriyo. Kuti ayese izi, ogwira ntchito ku Bell adayesa mapiko atsopano, osadziwa chomwe chinali. Pambuyo poyesa mumsewu wamphepo wa LMAL, zidapezeka kuti mapikowo amakwaniritsa zomwe zakhazikitsidwa.
