Mbiri ya Njinga Yamagetsi - Velobecane - Electric Bicycle

Mbiri ya njinga yamagetsi

Futuristic, zamakono komanso zosintha chovala chamagetsi yapita patsogolo modabwitsa m’zaka zaposachedwapa. Ndiwoyenera kwa okwera njinga azaka zonse, kuyambira wamng'ono mpaka okalamba, omwe akufuna kukhala oyenerera.

Le chovala chamagetsi imapereka maubwino osaneneka kuposa njinga yakale. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma brand ambiri tsopano akutenga mapangidwe ake. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, iyi ndi imodzi mwamagalimoto odziwika kwambiri pakadali pano, kotero tili ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa mbiri yake yeniyeni.

Ngati ndinu fani chovala chamagetsi, Kufufuza mbiri ya njinga yamoto ya avant-gardeyi kudzakuthandizanidi. Ngati ndi choncho, tiyeni tipeze mosazengereza m'nkhani ino yokhudza Velobecane nkhani yonse. chovala chamagetsi.

Chiyambi cha njinga yamagetsi

История chovala chamagetsi inayamba mu 1895 ku United States. Woyambitsa wake, Odgen Bolton, adabwera ndi lingaliro lopanga chitsanzo cha "njinga yokwanira" yokhala ndi mawilo awiri apamzere opanda ma pedals.

Ichi ndi choyamba chovala chamagetsi ndiye panali chitsanzo chovomerezeka. Inali ndi batire ya 10V yoyikidwa pansi pa chubu chapamwamba cha chimango ndi 100 amp mota yolumikizidwa ku gudumu lakumbuyo.

Kuwonekera koyamba kwa njinga yamagetsi ya injini ziwiri

Zaka ziwiri pambuyo poyambirira chovala chamagetsi patented, mu 1897 waku America wina dzina lake Hosea W. Libby adapereka chiphaso chachiwiri payekha. VAE... Panthawiyi, anthu amapeza chithunzithunzi chapamwamba kwambiri, chokhala ndi injini imodzi, koma injini ziwiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ndodo yolumikizira. Woyambitsa wake adatcha "Lampociclo".

Kusiyana ndi chitsanzo choyamba, izi chovala chamagetsi W axle yapindula ndi kutumiza kwa batani.

История chovala chamagetsi anapitiriza ndipo adadziwa kusintha kodabwitsa mu 1899. Panthaŵiyo, dziko la kupalasa njinga linayang’anizana ndi loyamba chovala chamagetsi injini yokhala ndi ukadaulo wa friction. Chipangizochi chimatha kugwira ntchito modziyimira pawokha pamayendedwe apamtunda ndipo chimafunikira thandizo la woyendetsa njinga akamakwera mizere yonyenga ndi otsetsereka.

Chipambanocho chinalipo ngakhale panali mavuto ena a injini. Yotsirizirayi inkadya mafuta ambiri ndipo inapanga zambiri. Chitsanzo ichi chatsutsidwa chovala chamagetsi kukhala wakuda kwambiri. Azimayiwo sanali oyamba kumulandira, chifukwa chinadetsa zovala zawo.

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Kusokonezeka kwa kupanga VAE

Poganizira mtengo wamafuta komanso momwe chilengedwe chimakhudzira chilengedwe, chovala chamagetsi inasiya kutchuka m’zaka za m’ma 1900. Kenako anthu anayamba kuchita chidwi ndi njinga zamoto zomwe zinayamba kusefukira pamsika. Udindo womwewo chovala chamagetsi, njinga yamotoyo ilinso ndi injini yolumikizidwa ku gudumu lakutsogolo. Inali yolemekezedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha zochitika zake ndi mphamvu zake zazikulu poyerekeza ndi chovala chamagetsi.

Ndi anthu okhawo omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa, omwe sakanatha kugula galimoto ndi njinga zamoto, anakhalabe okhulupirika. chovala chamagetsi... Kumbali ina, chidwi cha magalimoto amakono amakono omwe amathamanga kwambiri chinalinso chifukwa chachikulu cha kuchepa. VAE.

Motero, panapita zaka zingapo asanaonekerenso. Kugwedezeka kwamafuta m'zaka za m'ma 70 ndi kutuluka kwa kayendedwe ka chilengedwe kunapatsa mphamvu zatsopano pakupanga, malinga ndi kafukufuku. chovala chamagetsi.

VAE Yoyamba "Yopangidwa ku Germany"

История chovala chamagetsi sichinangoyang'ana ku United States kokha. Mayiko ena monga Germany ndi Netherlands analinso opanga okha.

Makamaka, ku Germany, dzikolo linatulutsa chitsanzo chake choyamba kudzera mu kampani ya Heinzmann kumapeto kwa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse. Panthaŵiyo, kupanga kunali kozikidwa pa njinga zopangidwa mochuluka zedi pofuna kuti mapositi azitumiza.

Netherlands, osadziwika kwenikweni monga apainiya njinga zamagetsimakamaka anali ndi chidwi ndi kuthekera kwa chilengedwe kwa makinawa. Kwa iwo, ndi njira yodalirika yoyendera yomwe ingachepetse kuipitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto.

Mtundu wa Yamaha m'mbiri ya njinga yamagetsi

Pambuyo pa USA, Germany ndi Netherlands chovala chamagetsi amadziwika ku Asia chifukwa cha mtundu waku Japan Yamaha. Tili mu 1993 pomwe kampaniyi idakhazikitsa koyamba chovala chamagetsi... Iyi ndi nthawi yatsopano yomwe imayamba chifukwa Yamaha ankafuna kuyika teknoloji pa ntchito ya ogwiritsa ntchito.

Zoperekazo zidakulitsidwa, ndipo chithunzi chilichonse chidawoneka bwino ndiukadaulo komanso zokongoletsa. Pofuna kukulitsa kutchuka kwake, Yamaha adalowa mgwirizano ndi mitundu ina monga Honda, Suzuki, Panasonic, Sanyo, ndi zina zotero. Panali mgwirizano wamphamvu womwe unapatsa mankhwala omalizidwa kukhala umunthu weniweni.

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Matekinoloje osiyanasiyana a batri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda

Monga mukudziwa, kusiyana njinga tingachipeze powerenga ndi chovala chamagetsi kukhalapo kwa zipangizo zamakono monga injini, amplifier yamagetsi ndi batri.

Kuyambira chiyambi cha mbiriyakale, woyamba chovala chamagetsi idaperekedwa kale ndi batire ya 10V, yomwe idayikidwa pa chimango. Ngakhale kuti malo sanali muyeso waukulu, luso logwiritsidwa ntchito lakopa kale chidwi cha opanga ambiri. Ndipo ine ndiyenera kunena kuti izo zinasintha kuchokera ku chitsanzo chimodzi kupita ku china.

M'malo mwake, opanga adayesa matekinoloje osiyanasiyana kuyesa kudziwa kuti ndi iti yomwe ingagwire bwino ntchito panjinga iliyonse ndi yomwe ingakwaniritse zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito.

-        Nimcho kapena Nickel-Metal Hybrid Battery

Batire iyi idatulutsidwa koyamba mu 1990 kuti ilowe m'malo mwa batire lakale la Ni-CD lomwe linkawoneka ngati lovulaza kwambiri chilengedwe. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa teknoloji yatsopanoyi kwatamandidwa chifukwa alibe mphamvu ya kukumbukira, kumapereka mphamvu yabwino ya mphamvu ndikusunga mosavuta kusintha kwa magetsi.

Ngakhale pali phindu lalikulu kwa izi, opanga njinga zamagetsi nthawi zambiri amaziphatikiza m'ma prototypes atsopano. Kukhalapo kwa potaziyamu hydroxide kumapangitsa batire iyi kukhala yowopsa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kuyenera kukhala kotetezeka kwambiri ndipo kumapeto kwa moyo wake wofunikira kumayenera kukonzedwanso.

-        Batire yowonjezedwanso LiFePO4 kapena lithiamu phosphate

Yoyamba njinga zamagetsi mwawona kugwiritsa ntchito batire ya LiFePO4. Inali yamtengo wapatali kwambiri chifukwa cha kukhalitsa kwake komanso kuthekera kwake kupewa ngozi yamoto. Pakati pa zofooka zake, ochita kafukufuku anapeza mphamvu zochepa kwambiri za mphamvu ndi ntchito zochepa.

Pazaka zochepa chabe zogwiritsidwa ntchito, batire ya lithiamu iron phosphate yasinthidwa ndi mabatire olemera komanso okulirapo.

-        PB kapena batire lotsogolera

Mabatire a acid acid adayamba kusefukira pamsika chazaka za m'ma 2000. njinga zamagetsi opangidwa nthawi imeneyi amakhala ndi izo. Pakadali pano, batire yamtunduwu imagwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri popereka magwiridwe antchito njinga zamagetsi zamakono. Zimayamikiridwa makamaka chifukwa chodalirika, zigawo zotsika mtengo, mtengo wotsika mtengo, mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu, moyo wautali, komanso kutha kwa moyo wobwezeretsanso.

Ngakhale zili ndi zabwino zambiri, mabatire a asidi amtovu akusiya kutchuka pang'onopang'ono. Tinayamba kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono chifukwa cha kukumbukira kwake, kukhudzidwa kwake ndi kutentha kochepa, kutaya kwake kwakukulu kodzilamulira komanso makamaka kulemera kwake kwa 10 kg. Kulemera kumeneku sikumapangitsa kuti oyendetsa njinga akhale osavuta, chifukwa amayenera kulimba mtima kuti ayende panjinga yolemera kwambiri yokhala ndi batire lolemera kwambiri.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti njinga zamagetsi Zida za batire ya lead acid siziyenera kulandira thandizo loperekedwa ndi maboma ndi boma. Ngati ogula atsopano njinga zamagetsi mungafune kukhala wolandila bonasi VAE, ndiye pogula ndikofunikira kwambiri kuganizira za kusankha kwa batri.

-        Batire ya Li-ion kapena Li-ion

Kuyambira 2003 njinga zamagetsi Pezani batri ya lithiamu-ion kapena lithiamu-ion. Mtundu woyamba wanjinga wokhala ndi batire iyi udawonekera koyamba ku Europe chaka chino.

Poyerekeza ndi mabatire ena onse, batri ya lithiamu ion ndi yabwino kwambiri kuposa onse. Zilibe zotsatira zokumbukira ndipo zimapereka moyo wautali wautumiki. Ndizopepuka komanso sizimadzitulutsa zokha. Kachulukidwe kake kamphamvu kwambiri komanso mphamvu zapadera ndi zina mwazabwino zake zambiri.

Momwe mabonasi apanjinga amapitira, njinga zamagetsi okonzeka ndi batire lithiamu-ion akhoza kupindula ndi izi, zomwe sitinganene VAE ndi batri ya asidi ya lead.

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Kugulitsa e-njinga: kupambana mosakayikira  

История chovala chamagetsi tsopano ndikuchita zomwe sizinachitikepo. Zogulitsa zikupitilira kukula chaka ndi chaka. Mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi ku Asia anayambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito makina achilengedwe awa.

Malinga ndi zisankho, ku China kokha chovala chamagetsi ndi imodzi mwamagudumu awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'matauni akuluakulu. Kuyambira 2006 kupanga njinga zamagetsi ikupitilira kukula ndikulembetsa mpaka mayunitsi mamiliyoni atatu.

Mu 2010, China idakhala wopanga wamkulu wa chovala chamagetsi mdziko lapansi. Matauni ndi boma la dziko adapanganso ndondomeko yamtengo wapatali yokhudzana ndi kupanga ndi kugulitsa makinawa. Mu 2013, dziko la China silinangokhala dziko lopangira zinthu komanso dziko lotumizira kunja kwa njinga zamagetsi.

Ku kontinenti ya Europe makamaka ku France, kugulitsa chovala chamagetsi kuchuluka nthawi 25 m'zaka 10. Magawo a 10.000 2007 adapangidwa mu 255.000 poyerekeza ndi mayunitsi a 2017 XNUMX m'chaka cha XNUMX. Kupatula Netherlands, yomwe idakhalapo m'mbiri kuyambira pachiyambi, mayiko ena monga Switzerland ndi United Kingdom ayambanso kuyitanitsa. njinga zamagetsi ku Asia.

Mu 2020, EU idatumiza njinga zamagetsi zokwana 273.900. Ma prototypes awa amachokera ku Taiwan, Vietnam ndi China. Mayiko ambiri makamaka amakonda njinga zamagetsi Chopangidwa ku China. Zogulitsa izi zimapereka magwiridwe antchito osayerekezeka, koma koposa zonse, mtengo wotsika. Mu demo chovala chamagetsi Zapangidwa ku China, zimatha kuyenda mpaka 100 km pa batire imodzi. Mitundu ina imafikira 20 km/h pomwe ena mpaka 45 km/h.

Le chovala chamagetsi chotero, ili ndi tsogolo labwino. Kuonjezera apo, ndi njira zatsopano zomwe zakhazikitsidwa m'mayiko ambiri pofuna kuthana ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira yatsopano yopangira magalimoto, kupanga mtundu uwu wa galimoto kumalonjeza kufalikira kwambiri.

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Masiku ena ofunikira m'mbiri ya njinga yamagetsi

Ngati ndinu otsatira chovala chamagetsiNthawi zonse ndikofunikira kudziwa masiku angapo ofunikira kuti muwonjezere chidziwitso chanu. Nawa ochepa:

-        - 3000 BC: Wheel yoyamba yanjinga idapangidwa ku Mesopotamiya.

-        1818: Mfalansa Louis-Joseph Diener akulemba chilolezo cha "njinga" yotchedwa Baron Dreis.

-        1855: France idapeza njinga yoyamba yoyenda, yoyambitsidwa ndi Pierre Michaud.

-        1895: Kupanga koyamba chovala chamagetsi Ogden Bolton Jr.

-        1897: Hosea W. Libby akulemba patent yachiwiri chovala chamagetsi ndi injini ziwiri

-        1899: Kumanga koyamba njinga zamagetsi ndi injini yogunda pa tayala.

-        1929 - 1950: Nthawi yamavuto pambuyo pake yomwe inali yabwino kwambiri pamagalimoto awiri amagetsi.

-        1932: Mtundu waukulu wa Philips umagulitsa njinga ya Simplex

-        1946: Kupangidwa koyamba kwa switch ndi Tullio Compagnolo.

-        1993: Kampani yaku Japan Yamaha idayambitsa injini yanjinga yamagetsi ya dial-drive.

-        1994: Kuwonetsa koyamba VAE ndi betri ya NiCD monga muyezo pa Hercules Electra

-        2003: Kugwiritsa ntchito koyamba kwa batri ya lithiamu mkati njinga zamagetsi... Chaka chino chikuwonetsanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa njinga yamagetsi yoyamba yokhala ndi chimango cha kaboni, ndi injini ya Panasonic ndi batire ya NimH.

-        2009: Bosch alowa pamsika njinga zamagetsi perekani makina awo oyamba amagetsi amagetsi

-        2015: Pragma Industries imapanga njinga yoyamba ya haidrojeni.