Dzinalo ndiloyenera mawu 800: McLaren Senna

Ngakhale mukusilira mawonekedwe osakanikirana a McLarn's Ultimate (mitundu yomwe idapangidwa makamaka kapena kungosangalala pamseu), choyamba ganizirani kuti idzasandulika mwadzidzidzi kukhala mtundu wina wa loboti yosintha modetsa nkhawa yokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zowuluka mthupi mwake. ... Chifukwa chake iyi ilibe mizere yoyera yomwe imapezeka pamagalimoto ngati McLarna 720S ndi P1. Nthawi yomweyo, akukhulupirira kuti opanga adapanga chilankhulo chosagwirizana posaka mitundu ya organic, yomwe adayesera kupatsa mawonekedwe amgalimoto mawonekedwe. Palibe mzere umodzi mthupi womwe sungasokonezedwe ndikulowetsa mpweya. Chifukwa chake, zikuwonekeratu kuti popanga galimoto, okonzawo amafunafuna magwiridwe antchito abwino, osati kukongola.

Mtundu waku Britain ndiye woyamba kupanga galimoto yokhayokha ya Formula 1 kuchokera mu kaboni fiber (MP4 / 1 kuyambira 1981), komanso galimoto yoyamba (F1 kuyambira 1990) kwathunthu kuchokera kuzinthu zopepuka izi. Kuyambira pamenepo, McLaren wagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe amtunduwu pamagalimoto onse amseu. Senna ndiye wosavuta kwambiri mpaka pano. Imalemera makilogalamu 1.198 okha, omwe ndi makilogalamu 200 poyerekeza ndi galimoto ya P1 hypersport (dongosolo la haibridi ndi lolemera) ndi makilogalamu 85 ochepera a 720S, omwe amathanso kudziwika kuti amasungidwa pazinthu zingapo komanso mkatikati mopanda kanthu.

McLaren Senna samapusitsa aliyense ponena kuti galimotoyo idapangidwa kuti izigwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndi galimoto yothamanga kwambiri, yomwe McLarne adatha kulembetsa kuti agwiritse ntchito misewu pokhapokha atayesetsa kwambiri ndikukambirana. Kuti mumveke bwino, ingoyang'anani chimphona chiwiri chotetezera kumbuyo, ngakhale sichitha kupitirira kumbuyo kwa galimotoyo.

Mukayandikira kwa Senna, chilichonse chimagwira ntchito mowopsa (kuyambira ndi kunyezimira koyipa komwe tatchulako) - ndipo ngakhale asanasunthe. Zachidziwikire, ngakhale tili ndi mwayi woyambitsa pambuyo pa Estoril yodziwika bwino, sitidzaphonya. Pamapeto pake, makope onse 500 omwe adakonzedwa adagulitsidwa (pafupifupi mayuro miliyoni imodzi pagalimoto) ngakhale zofalitsa zoyamba zisanasindikizidwe. Izi zikhoza kutanthauza kuti ogula olemera anali kuyembekezera kuyika manja awo pa "mwana" wawo watsopano. Ndipo pambuyo poyambitsa koyamba, titha kukutsimikizirani kuti anali ndi chifukwa chabwino kwambiri cha izi.

Tikakwera pakhomo lotsegukira chakumtunda, ovala moyenera masuti othamanga, magolovesi, ndi chisoti, zimathamanga kwathu. Ntchitoyi ndiyosavuta kuposa ena ampikisano, popeza khomo, lomwe limalemera makilogalamu asanu ndi anayi okha, theka la kukula kwa chitseko cha McLaren P1, limakwezanso denga lalikulu nthawi yotsegulira. Bokosi la ndegeyo limayang'aniridwa ndi mpweya wowoneka bwino ndi Alcantara ndipo wamangidwa mozungulira monocoque yolimba kwambiri ya McLarn yomwe idamangidwapo, yotchedwa Monocage III. Galimotoyi imasiyananso chifukwa chakonzedwa pazonse zomwe sizikufunika kuti tikwaniritse zoyendetsa bwino komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Mawonekedwe oyang'ana kutsogolo ndiabwino, omwe ndi abwinobwino kwa McLarne, abwinoko kuposa mawonekedwe am'mbali, pomwe amachepetsedwa ndi pulasitiki womveka pakhomo, omwe amatha kusinthidwa ndi magalasi (koma olemera) agalasi mwakufuna kwawo. Mawonekedwe akumbuyo amakhala oyipa kwambiri ndikumangirira kumbuyo kwa kanyumba kamene kali ndi mapiko akulu kumbuyo kwa kaboni fiber omwe amalemera makilogalamu asanu okha koma amatha kupirira zovuta zamagetsi mowirikiza kakhumi kulemera kwake.

Dalaivala akangopeza batani loyambira injini lokwera pamwamba pa zenera lakutsogolo kuti aletse kuyendetsa kutsogolo kwa madalaivala momwe angathere kwa iwo omwe amafunikira kwambiri kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka galimoto, ndi nthawi yoti muyambe mphindi 15 zothamanga kwambiri, zomwe zingathe khalani pafupi kwambiri kukhala zomwe Pinki Floyds adatcha "kutaya mtima kwakanthawi." Kumbuyo kwa dalaivala kuli mafuta okwera malita anayi a V8 okhala ndi ma kilowatts 597 kapena pafupifupi 800 "horsepower" ndi makokedwe a 800 mita Newton, omwe zida zoyendetsera mpweya pafupi ndi galimoto, pamwambapa ndi pansipa, ziyenera kuthandizira kuthana ndi matayalawo phula. Kuthamanga kwa aerodynamic kumafikanso (800 kilogalamu) pa makilomita 250 pa ola pomwe galimoto ili mu Race mode. Pakadapanda kulumikizana pakati pa galimotoyi ndi othamanga othamanga kuchokera kwa ndani (pofunafuna mutu wa mseu wabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi) McLaren adatcha dzina lake, a Senna akadatchedwa McLaren. 800S.

Chotsatira cha aerodynamic ichi ndi 40 peresenti kuposa McLaren P1 (kachiwiri mu Race mode). Kupendekera kwa mapiko kumatha kusinthidwa ndi dalaivala (mothandizidwa ndi kompyuta, inde) ndi madigiri 0,3 kutengera liwiro la masekondi 0,7-25 komanso malo a DRS (Drag Reduction System - njira yochepetsera). Kukoka kwa aerodynamic, monga mu Fomula 1) pamalo otseguka kwambiri kumapita kumalo komwe kumapangitsa galimoto kuti ikhale yogwira mwamphamvu kwambiri. Zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri za aerodynamic ndi zotchingira zakutsogolo zogwira ntchito ndi mapasa am'mbuyo (zonse zokhala ndi mpweya wa kaboni) zomwe zimapanga vacuum pansi pagalimoto. Monga McLarn P1, mmodzi wa waukulu luso luso la Senna ndi kuyimitsidwa hayidiroliki (kumene dera hayidiroliki m'malo akasupe ochiritsira zitsulo koma amakhalabe akasupe ang'onoang'ono tingachipeze powerenga kuonetsetsa kuyimitsidwa kochepa) kuti ntchito ndi aerodynamics. Pamene dalaivala amasankha Race mode, galimoto amachepetsa 15 centimita kutsogolo ndi centimita atatu kumbuyo, amene amapereka thupi kupendekeka mokomera mulingo woyenera aerodynamics. Kuyimitsidwa kumakhala kolimba kwambiri, chiwongolero chimakhala chomvera kwambiri ndipo chowongolera chowongolera chimakhala cholondola kwambiri kuti dalaivala azitha kupeza mphamvu ndi torque yoyenera nthawi iliyonse. Ndikofunikira kuti tifotokoze mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zimachitika mu Race mode, chifukwa titha kugwiritsa ntchito mphindi XNUMX zokha zoyendetsa panjira ya Estoril.

Mamita mazana angapo oyambilira amatitsimikizira kuti m'sitimayo mulibe zida zokometsera mawu zomwe timadziwa kuchokera ku magalimoto ena amtundu wa McLarn ndi ena owuma ngati Ford GT yaposachedwa, ndikuti galimotoyo imatumiza zidziwitso kuchokera paphala molondola modabwitsa . Zingakhale zosangalatsa kuyesa momwe chassis imagwirira ntchito m'misewu yaboma, koma ngakhale sitiyendetsa bwino kwenikweni, sitikukayikira kuti Senna ikhala mbiri yakale ngati galimoto yovuta kwambiri ya McLaren yomwe idamangidwapo.

Matigari anali atatenthedwa pang’ono panthaŵiyi, ndipo tinalandira chilolezo kwa woyendetsa nawo limodzi wodziŵa bwino (yemwe kale anali katswiri wa mpikisano wothamanga) kuti tiwonjeze liwiro pamene galimotoyo inkawoneka kukhala yaukali kuposa momwe tinali kuyembekezera. Koma liwiro likamakula, mumamva kuti mawonekedwe a thupi (kapena… mawonekedwe) amapangitsa mpweya kuyenda pomwe mainjiniya amafunanso kuti usunthe. Koma kupindula kokoka nthawi zonse kumapita patsogolo, popanda kukwera kapena kutsika kwakukulu, mumtundu wa crescendo wodziwikiratu womwe umakhala ndi liwiro. Zowoneka pafupifupi kusowa kwathunthu kwa inertia (chifukwa cha misa yotsika) panthawi imodzimodziyo kumawonjezera chidziwitso chachangu pakuthamanga kulikonse, kutsika kapena kusintha kwa njira. Palibe kukayika kuti mphamvu yochulukirapo / kulemera kocheperako / fomula yogwira mwamphamvu kwambiri imapereka zotsatira zomwe mukufuna. Ndipo ndicho chiwongolero champhamvu kwambiri chomwe McLaren adakhalapo nacho, matayala opangidwa mwapadera a Pirelli Trophy okhala ndi mphira watsopano yemwe McLarn akuti amawonjezera mathamangitsidwe ozungulira ndi 0,2-0,3 Gs, ndi ma braking system. miyala ya ceramic. Malinga ndi Andrew Palmer (Mtsogoleri wa Development for the Ultimate Series), amatha kugwira ntchito pa kutentha komwe kumakhala kozizira ndi 20 peresenti kuposa nthawi zonse - madigiri a 150, kuwapanga kukhala ang'onoang'ono komanso nthawi yomweyo 60 peresenti yabwino kuposa momwe alili. .. ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito ku McLarn lero. Ndipo manambala amabwereranso: Senna amafika poyimitsa 100 kph mu 200 mamita okha, kotero amatha kuzichita mamita 16 kale kuposa McLaren P1 (inde, izi ndi zina chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa P1 hypersport). .

Manambala? Mwina sanganene nkhani yonse, koma atha kukhala othandiza kwambiri pakumvetsetsa. Makina omwewo omwe amapangidwa ndi McLaren kwa nthawi yayitali omwe ali ndi malita anayi a turbo V8 omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi McLaren m'makonzedwe osiyanasiyana (pankhaniyi, imapanga "mphamvu ya akavalo" 63 ndi 80 Nm kuposa McLaren P1), imapereka mphamvu zomwe zatchulidwazi za mphamvu za 800 x 2 ". mphamvu "ndi Newton mita). Mothandizidwa ndi kuthamanga kwambiri (koma mwina osati wankhanza kwambiri kwa okwera omwe amayenera kuyendetsa galimotoyi), kufalikira kwa ma liwiro asanu ndi awiri kumatumiza kuma mawilo onse anayi. Nthawi yomweyo, zikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito: masekondi 2,8 mpaka makilomita 100 pa ola kuchokera pomwe adayimilira, masekondi 6,8 mpaka 200 kilomita pa ola, masekondi 17,5 mpaka 300 kilomita pa ola limodzi ndi liwiro lapamwamba la makilomita 340 pa ola limodzi.

Koma poganizira kuti ndapeza mwayi woyesa magalimoto ngati Bugatti Chiron, Porsche 911 GT2 RS, kapena ngakhale galimoto ya Fomula 1, manambalawo siomwe adandisangalatsa kwambiri za McLaren Senna, komabe. ndizovuta kuthana ndi mphamvu zazitali komanso zotsogola. Poterepa, mudzadabwitsidwa ndi kumasuka komwe galimoto imayendetsa liwiro lothamanga, ndi kukhazikika kwapadera, kugwira ndi kulondola, mpaka pamlingo wovuta ngakhale kwaubongo wokhala ndi chidziwitso chakuyendetsa ma supercars oyesa pamayendedwe kugaya. Sangasinthidwenso popanda kuphonya braking asanalowe pakona kapena kupitilira kuthamanga kwambiri, popeza "chip chip m'malo" muubongo wamunthu sichingachitike mwachangu chonchi. Zolankhulidwazo ndizowona: koyambirira, galimotoyo idatsala pang'ono kuyimitsidwa kangapo isanalowe pakona, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mabuleki apamwamba kwambiri (mothandizidwa ndi aerodynamics). Zochititsa manyazi pang'ono, ngakhale nditakhala wanga, anandikhululukira izi, makamaka potengera nthawi yayitali ya gawoli mosaganizira nthawi.

Pamapeto pa chidziwitso chapaderachi chomwe chimaloledwa kuwonekera pamisewu yaboma nthawi ndi nthawi, ndikukutsimikizirani kuti McLaren watsopanoyo ndiwothamanga, wosachedwa kulimba mtima komanso wopanda mantha kuposa munthu amene akuyendetsa ali ndi nzeru zokwanira. Kuzindikira galimoto m'manja otheka kumakhala kochepa kokha ndi thambo. Kumwamba komwe Ayrton Senna mwina amanyadira msonkho uwu ku luso lake loyendetsa galimoto.

Mpikisano wa Star ku Cockpit

Mipando yamagalimoto imatha kusunthidwa mtsogolo ndi kumbuyo pogwiritsa ntchito mikono yotsetsereka pansi, ndipo gawo loyendetsa posunthira mayendedwe asanu ndi awiri othamanga angathenso kusunthidwa ndi mpando wa driver. Zoyenda ndizokhazikika, zokutira, ndipo gudumu lokutidwa ndi Alcantara silimasokoneza (lokhala ndi ma levers osunthira kumbuyo kwake) ndipo limasinthika kutalika kuti muthe kupeza malo okhala bwino. Madalaivala azunguliridwanso ndi zowonera ziwiri zowoneka bwino zomwe zimawonetsa zida ndi mawonekedwe a infotainment system okhala ndi zithunzi zosavuta kuti woyendetsa azingoyang'ana kwambiri kuyendetsa kwake. Dashboard imatha kuzungulira mozungulira kotero kuti isanduke mzere wocheperako womwe umawonetsa dalaivala zofunika zokhazokha ndikukhala ndi malo ochepa. Mipando yaying'ono yothamanga ya kaboni fiber ndi yopepuka kwambiri, iliyonse imalemera makilogalamu 3,5 ndipo imadzaza kwathunthu wokwera komanso matupi a okwera kutsogolo, omwe amatetezedwanso ndi zingwe zisanu ndi chimodzi zothamanga. Palibe chowongolera mpweya, koma mutha kuchipeza popanda mtengo wowonjezera, monga ma audio a Bowers & Wilkins. Popeza kuti Senna yoyamba inali ndi ma air conditioner awiri okha, zikuwonekeratu zomwe amakonda eni ake atsopanowo. Mpikisano wothamanga mu kanyumbayo pamapeto pake umatsimikiziridwa ndi chakumwa champhamvu, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti dalaivala azithira madzi pamaulendo ataliatali panjira yothamanga.

Kodi hayidiroliki kuyimitsidwa ntchito

Akasupe olimba opangira ma coil asinthidwa pa Senna ndi ma hydraulic circuit. Pali akasupe ang'onoang'ono, opepuka komanso ofewa, koma ongowongolera. Dongosolo, lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi manifold pa ma axles onse, limakhala ngati kasupe wachitatu pakati pa mawilo aliwonse. Pamene gudumu limodzi lokha likunyamulidwa, malo osungiramo madzi amangodzaza ndi madzi amadzimadzi kuchokera kumbali imodzi, zomwe zimalepheretsa kusokoneza galimotoyo. Mukamakona, chosungira sichimadzaza pamene madzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amayenda momasuka kudzera muzitsulo popanda kukhudza zotsamira. Komabe, mawilo onse akamakwezedwa pa chitsulo chimodzi panthawi imodzimodzi chifukwa chokokera pansi kapena kuthamanga kwautali kapena kutsika, madzimadzi amayenda kuchokera kumbali zonse ziwiri kupita kumalo osiyanasiyana komwe amakumana ndi kukana ndipo motero amachepetsa kukweza kapena kumira. thupi. Panthawi ya braking, njirayi imapangidwa kuti ikhazikike ndikuletsa chitsulo chakutsogolo kuti chisakhazikike, potero kuchepetsa kutsamira kutsogolo ndikupereka kuwongolera bwino kumawilo akumbuyo. Njira yosinthira imachitika kumbuyo ikamafulumizitsa - dongosolo silimulola kukhala kumbuyo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mawilo akutsogolo asayese kuchoka ku phula. Zotsatira zomwezo zimatha kutheka ndi njira zamakina, koma ma hydraulic system ali ndi zabwino zina ziwiri: mtunda wagalimoto wosinthika kuchokera pansi komanso kuuma kosinthika kosinthika.

Kukwera kwa Senna pa bwalo lamilandu la Estoril kukugwirizana ndi galimotoyo pomwe woyendetsa waku Brazil adapambana Fomula 1985 mchaka 1 pa bwalo lamilandu. Ziwerengerozi zimadziyankhulira zokha: Senna anali ochepa pang'onopang'ono pang'ono kuposa okwera GT3 mu mpikisano womaliza pamtunduwu. pa liwiro lothamanga, lilinso ndi mathamangitsidwe abwinoko, mabuleki, kutsitsa ndi liwiro kuposa McLarna P1 ndi 720S.

+6 km / h kumapeto kwa mzere wolingana ndi McLaren 720S

Kuyimitsa ndege ndi 13 mita pambuyo pa 720S ndi 29 mita mtsogolo kuposa McLaren P1.

Sinthani 5: +10 km / h (+ 0,12 G) ngati McLaren 720S

Sinthani 13: + 8 km / h (+ 0,19 G) ya 720S ndi + 5 km / h pa P1