Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky

Anayamba ndi ntchito yomanga ndege zazikulu za nthawi imeneyo (1913) "Ilya Muromets" (1), ndege yoyamba yogwira ntchito kwambiri ya injini zinayi, yotchedwa heroine wa nthano za ku Russia. Poyamba anakonza chipinda chochezera, mipando yokongola, chipinda chogona, bafa ndi chimbudzi. Ankawoneka kuti ali ndi malingaliro akuti m'tsogolomu gulu la bizinesi lidzapangidwa mu ndege zonyamula anthu.

CV: Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky

Tsiku lobadwa: May 25, 1889 ku Kyiv (Russian Empire - tsopano Ukraine).

Tsiku la imfa: October 26, 1972, Easton, Connecticut (USA).

Nzika: Russian, American

Banja: anakwatira kawiri, ana asanu

Mwayi: Mtengo wa cholowa cha Igor Sikorsky pakali pano akuti pafupifupi 2 biliyoni US dollars.

Maphunziro: St. Petersburg; Kyiv Polytechnic Institute; École des Techniques Aéronautiques et de Construction Automobile (ETACA) ku Paris

Chidziwitso: Russian-Baltic chomangira chomangira RBVZ ku St. Petersburg; asilikali a Tsarist Russia; ogwirizana ndi Sikorski kapena makampani oyendetsa ndege omwe adapangidwa ndi iye ku USA - Sikorsky Manufacturing Company, Sikorsky Aviation Corporation, Vought-Sikorsky Aircraft Division, Sikorsky

Zina zopambana: Royal Order ya St. Wlodzimierz, Guggenheim Medal (1951), chikumbutso award. Wright Brothers (1966), US National Medal of Science (1967); Komanso, mmodzi wa milatho ku Connecticut, msewu Kyiv ndi supersonic Russian njira mabomba Tu-160 amatchedwa dzina lake.

Zokonda: zokopa alendo kumapiri, nzeru, chipembedzo, mabuku Russian

Komabe, patatha chaka chimodzi, nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse inaulika ndipo ndege za ku Russia zinkafuna wophulitsayo kuposa ndege yapamwamba yonyamula anthu. Igor Sikorsky Choncho, iye anali mmodzi wa okonza ndege yaikulu ya Tsarist Air Force, ndi mapangidwe ake mabomba malo German ndi Austrian. Kenako panadza Nkhondo ya Bolshevik, imene Sikorsky anathawa, ndipo kenako anafika ku United States.

Pali kukayikira kosiyanasiyana ndi malingaliro otsutsana ngati akuyenera kutengedwa ku Russia, America kapena ku Ukraine. Ndipo a Poles amatha kupeza ulemerero wake, chifukwa banja la Sikorski linali lachi Poland (ngakhale la Orthodox) lolemekezeka pafamu ku Volhynia panthawi ya Republic Yoyamba. Komabe, kwa iyemwini kulingalira kumeneku mwina sikukanakhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu. Igor Sikorsky pakuti iye anali wochirikiza Tsarism, wotsatira ukulu wa Russia ndi dziko, monga atate wake, komanso katswiri wa Orthodox ndi wolemba mabuku afilosofi ndi achipembedzo. Anayamikira malingaliro a wolemba waku Russia Leo Tolstoy ndipo ankasamalira maziko ake a New York.

Helikopita yokhala ndi chofufutira

Iye anabadwa pa May 25, 1889 ku Kyiv (2) ndipo anali wachisanu, mwana wamng'ono kwambiri wa katswiri wa zamaganizo waku Russia Ivan Sikorsky. Ali mwana, ankachita chidwi ndi luso komanso kuchita bwino zinthu. Ankakondanso kwambiri zolemba za Jules Verne. Ali wachinyamata, adapanga ndege zachitsanzo. Anayenera kumanga chitsanzo choyamba cha helikopita yoyendetsedwa ndi mphira ali ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri.

Kenako anaphunzira pa Maritime Academy ku St. ku St. Petersburg komanso ku Faculty of Electrical Engineering ya Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. Mu 1906 anayamba kufufuza zaumisiri ku France. Mu 1908, pakukhala ku Germany ndi ziwonetsero za ndege zomwe zinakonzedwa ndi abale a Wright, ndipo mokhudzidwa ndi ntchito ya Ferdinand von Zeppelin, adaganiza zodzipereka kuti azitha kuyendetsa ndege. Monga momwe anakumbukira pambuyo pake, "zinatenga maola makumi awiri ndi anayi kuti asinthe moyo wake."

Nthawi yomweyo idakhala chikhumbo chachikulu. Ndipo kuyambira pachiyambi, zomwe zinkamudetsa nkhawa kwambiri zinali zopanga ndege yoyenda molunjika, ndiye kuti, monga tikunenera lero, helikopita kapena helikopita. Zithunzi ziwiri zoyamba zomwe adapanga sizinachokepo. Komabe, sanataye mtima, monga umboni wa zochitika zotsatila, koma anangoyimitsa nkhaniyo mpaka mtsogolo.

Mu 1909, adayamba maphunziro ake ku yunivesite yotchuka yaku France École des Techniques Aéronautiques et de Construction Automobile ku Paris. Panthawiyo inali likulu la dziko la zandege. Chaka chotsatira anamanga ndege yoyamba ya mapangidwe ake, C-1. Woyesa woyamba wa makinawa anali iyeyo (3), yemwe pambuyo pake adakhala chizolowezi chake pafupifupi moyo wake wonse. Mu 1911-12, pogwiritsa ntchito ndege S-5 ndi S-6, iye anaika mbiri Russian angapo, komanso mbiri dziko. Anagwira ntchito monga wojambula mu dipatimenti ya ndege ya Russian-Baltic carriage plant RBVZ ku St. Petersburg.

Pa imodzi mwa ndege za S-5, injiniyo inayima mwadzidzidzi ndipo Sikorsky anayenera kukatera mwadzidzidzi. Pambuyo pake atafufuza chomwe chinayambitsa ngoziyo, adapeza kuti udzudzu unakwera m'thanki ndikudula madzi osakaniza kupita ku carburetor. Wopangayo ananena kuti popeza kuti zinthu zoterezi sizingadziwike kapena kupeŵedwa, ndege ziyenera kupangidwa kuti zizitha kuuluka kwakanthawi popanda mphamvu komanso kuti zitha kutera mwangozi.

2. Nyumba ya banja la Sikorsky ku Kyiv - mawonekedwe amakono

Mtundu woyamba wa projekiti yake yayikulu idatchedwa Le Grand ndipo inali yofananira ndi injini zamapasa. Pamaziko ake, Sikorsky anamanga Bolshoi Baltiysk, woyamba injini zinayi kamangidwe. Izi, zinakhala maziko opangira ndege za S-22 Ilya Muromets, zomwe zinapatsidwa Order of St. Włodzimierz. Pamodzi ndi Pole Jerzy Jankowski (woyendetsa ndege mu utumiki wa tsarist), adatenga odzipereka khumi ku Muromets ndipo adakwera mpaka mamita 2. Monga momwe Sikorsky anakumbukira, galimotoyo sinathe kuwongolera ndi kuwongolera ngakhale pamene anthu adayenda pa phiko. paulendo wa pandege.

Rachmaninoff amathandiza

Pambuyo pa October Revolution Sikorsky adagwira ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa m'magulu ankhondo aku France. Kuchita kwake ndi mbali yoyera, ntchito yake yoyamba ku Tsarist Russia ndi chikhalidwe chake cha chikhalidwe chinatanthauza kuti analibe kanthu koti ayang'ane mu zenizeni zatsopano za Soviet, zomwe zingakhale zoopsa kwa moyo wake.

Mu 1918, iye ndi banja lake anathaŵa kuthawa ku Bolshevik kupita ku France ndipo kenako ku Canada, kumene anasamukira ku United States. Anasintha dzina lake lomaliza kukhala Sikorsky. Poyamba ankagwira ntchito ngati mphunzitsi. Komabe, adafunafuna mwayi wopeza ntchito m'makampani oyendetsa ndege. Mu 1923, iye anayambitsa "Sikorsky Manufacturing Company", kupanga ndege chizindikiro, amene anapitiriza mndandanda anayamba mu Russia. Poyamba, iye anathandizidwa ndi anthu ochokera ku Russia, kuphatikizapo wolemba nyimbo wotchuka SERGEY Rachmaninov, amene adamulembera cheke cha ndalama zambiri za 5 zloty panthawiyo. madola.

3. Sikorsky ali wachinyamata monga woyendetsa ndege (kumanzere)

Ndege yake yoyamba ku United States, S-29, inali imodzi mwa mapangidwe oyambirira a injini ziwiri ku United States. Imatha kunyamula anthu 14 ndi liwiro la pafupifupi 180 km / h. Kukulitsa bizinesiyo, wolembayo adagwirizana ndi wolemera wamakampani Arnold Dickinson. Sikorsky anakhala wachiwiri wake kwa mapangidwe ndi kupanga. Choncho, Sikorsky Aviation Corporation alipo kuyambira 1928. Zina mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri za Sikorski panthawiyo zinali S-42 Clipper flying boat (4), yomwe Pan Am ankagwiritsa ntchito podutsa nyanja ya Atlantic.

Rotor kumbuyo

Mu 30s iye anali wokhazikika Sikorsky adaganiza zochotsa mapangidwe ake oyambirira a "motor lift". Anapereka fomu yake yoyamba ku US Patent Office pakupanga kwamtunduwu mu February 1929. Ukadaulo wa zida zofananira ndi malingaliro ake akale, ndipo injini, pomaliza, ndi mphamvu zokwanira, zidapangitsa kuti zitheke kuwongolera kozungulira. Ngwazi yathu sinafunenso kuthana ndi ndege. Kampani yake idakhala gawo la United Aircraft nkhawa, ndipo iyenso, monga director director a gulu limodzi lamakampani, adafuna kuchita zomwe adazisiya mu 1908.

5. Sikorsky ndi chitsanzo chake cha helikopita mu 1940.

Wopangayo adathetsa bwino vuto la torque yotuluka yomwe idachokera ku rotor yayikulu. Helikopita itangochoka pansi, fuselage yake inayamba kuyendayenda motsutsana ndi kuzungulira kwa rotor yaikulu malinga ndi lamulo lachitatu la Newton. Sikorski adaganiza zokhazikitsa chozungulira chowonjezera kumbuyo kwa fuselage kuti athetse vutoli. Ngakhale kuti chodabwitsachi chingathe kugonjetsedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndi yankho lomwe Sikorsky akupereka lomwe ndilofala kwambiri. Mu 1935, adalandira chilolezo cha helikopita yokhala ndi zozungulira zazikulu ndi zamchira. Zaka zinayi pambuyo pake, chomera cha Sikorsky chinaphatikizidwa ndi nkhawa ya Chance Vought pansi pa dzina lakuti Vought-Sikorsky Aircraft Division.

Asilikali amakonda ma helikoputala

Seputembara 14, 1939 idakhala tsiku lambiri m'mbiri yopanga ma helikopita. Patsiku lino, Sikorsky anapanga ndege yoyamba pa helikopita ya mapangidwe oyambirira opambana - VS-300 (S-46). Komabe, iyi inali ndege yolumikizidwabe. Ndege yaulere idachitika pa Meyi 24, 1940 (5).

VS-300 inali fanizo la helikopita, m'malo mwake mluza wa zomwe zikubwera, koma zidapangitsa kuti ziuluke kwa ola limodzi ndi theka, komanso kutera pamadzi. Makina a Sikorsky adachita chidwi kwambiri ndi asitikali aku America. Wopangayo adamvetsetsa bwino zosowa zankhondo ndipo mchaka chomwecho adapanga mapangidwe a XR-4 - helikopita yoyamba yofanana ndi makina amakono amtunduwu.

6. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo za helikopita ya R-4 mu 1944.

7. Igor Sikorsky ndi ma helikopita

Mu 1942, ndege yoyamba yolamulidwa ndi American Air Force inayesedwa. Idalowa kupanga ngati R-4 (6). Pafupifupi 150 a mtundu umenewu anaperekedwa ku magulu ankhondo osiyanasiyana, ochita nawo ntchito zopulumutsira, kulandira opulumuka ndi oyendetsa ndege otsika, ndipo pambuyo pake anatumikira monga makina ophunzitsira oyendetsa ndege omwe amayenera kuyang'anira ndege zazikulu ndi zovuta kwambiri. Mu 1943, zomera za Vought ndi Sikorsky zinagawanikanso, ndipo kampani yomalizayo tsopano ikuyang'ana kwambiri kupanga helikopita. M'zaka zotsatira, idagonjetsa msika waku America (7).

Chochititsa chidwi ndi nkhani ya mphoto Sikorsky m'zaka za m'ma 50, adalenga helikopita yoyamba yoyesera yomwe inafika pa liwiro la 300 km / h. Zinapezeka kuti mphotoyo inapita ku ... USSR, ndiko kuti, dziko la Sikorsky. Helikopita ya Mi-6 yomwe idamangidwa pamenepo idakhazikitsa zolemba zingapo, kuphatikiza liwiro lalikulu la 320 km / h.

Inde, magalimoto omangidwa ndi Sikorsky nawonso adaswa mbiri. Mu 1967, S-61 idakhala helikopita yoyamba m'mbiri kuwuluka mosayima kudutsa nyanja ya Atlantic. Mu 1970, mtundu wina wa S-65 (CH-53) unawulukira panyanja ya Pacific kwa nthawi yoyamba. Bambo Igor mwiniwakeyo anali atapuma kale ntchito, zomwe anasintha mu 1957. Komabe, adagwirabe ntchito ku kampani yake ngati mlangizi. Anamwalira mu 1972 ku Easton, Connecticut.

Galimoto yotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi masiku ano, yopangidwa ndi chomera cha Sikorsky, ndi UH-60 Black Hawk. Mtundu wa S-70i Black Hawk (8) umapangidwa pafakitale ya PZL ku Mielec, yomwe yakhala m'gulu la Sikorsky kwa zaka zingapo.

Mu teknoloji ndi ndege Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky anali mpainiya m’njira zonse. Nyumba zake zinawononga zotchinga zimene zinkaoneka ngati sizingawonongeke. Anali ndi laisensi yoyendetsa ndege ya Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) nambala 64 komanso laisensi yoyendetsa ndege 1.