Zinyalala RR-07

Tabwereranso kumitundu yamkati yamkati. Titapanga bwato lachisanu ndi chiwiri la ngalawa mu "Mu Workshop", nthawi ino titenga ulendo wopita ku Celestial Empire kuti tikaphunzire zakuchita kosangalatsa kwa akatswiri akale a Ukulu Wake!

1. Zheng He (werengani: Cheng He), kapena Admiral of the Western Seas (1377-1433) - mkulu wa maulendo asanu ndi awiri akuluakulu a zombo zazikulu za China.

Masiku ano, anthu a m'dziko lathu ambiri, pofuna kusonyeza kunyoza chida kapena chipangizo china, amati "Chinese" ...

Poyamba: sikuyenera kuweruza mu chambula.

Kachiwiri: Ogula akumadzulo nthawi zambiri amakakamiza kusunga ndalama kwambiri.

Chachitatu: Masiku ano, China imapanga zinthu zambiri zodziwika bwino zamakampani akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi (kuphatikiza omwe amadziwika ndiukadaulo waposachedwa).

Chachinayi: Momwemonso, anthu aku America adalankhula zaka makumi angapo zapitazo za katundu waku Japan, koma izi zasintha kalekale. Ndipo China ikusinthanso.

Chachisanu: Opanga zakale achi China nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe timaganizira kuti anali patsogolo pa makolo athu muukadaulo kwazaka zambiri, komanso zina zambiri!

Zopangidwa ndi Prachin

Mfundo yakuti zolengedwa za mafumu achifumu ndi phulusa, silika, zadothi kapena, mwina, ambiri a ife takhudza kale makutu athu kwinakwake, koma izi ndi nsonga chabe ya zinthu zomwe tazipeza ndi zopanga zomwe tili nazo kwa oyambitsa akale. Middle Kingdom. Tiyeni titenge ochepa kuchokera kugombe:

3000 BC - ambulera,

2737 - tiyi

2500 - dzuwa,

2200 - kutembenuka,

2200 - chitsanzo cha parachute,

2000 - mphanda,

2000 - ayisikilimu,

2000 - macaroni,

1600 - fan,

1000 - mafuta opanda mafuta, gwero lowala mu nyali,

200 - wheelbarrow (pano zaka mazana asanu ndi awiri kenako),

Zaka za m'ma XNUMX BC - chomera chamitundu yambiri,

300 AD - makhadi a bizinesi,

600 - ndalama zamapepala,

724 - wotchi yamakina,

868 - mabuku osindikizidwa (chojambula),

940 - magalasi,

1041 - zilembo zosunthika,

1240 - mfundo,

Zaka za zana la XNUMX - mapepala akuchimbudzi,

Zaka za zana la XNUMX - burashi.

2. Chitsanzo cha baochuan (chosungiramo chuma chachikulu cha pamadzi) chimapereka lingaliro la kukula kwake motere (onani minda yam'mwamba).

Imperial Navy ya Admiral Zheng He

Komanso pa ntchito yomanga zombo ndi kuyenda, aku China ali patsogolo pa Old Continent. Kale mu 486 BC. ankagwiritsa ntchito njira zotumizira. M’zaka za m’ma 100 C.E., iwo ankatha kusambira molimbana ndi mphepo. Mu 750 anagwiritsa ntchito kampasi yoyamba. Mu 984, zowongolera zakumbuyo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pazombo. Mu XNUMX, adagonjetsa kusintha kokwera chifukwa cha maloko achipinda cha ngalande.

3. Ngati a Columbus anaikidwa kutsogolo m’malo mwa bwato la ku China, milingoyo ikanakhala yofanana – ikanakhala yofupikira kasanu kuposa mbiri ya Admiral Zheng.

Komabe, izi siziri kanthu poyerekeza ndi maulendo a zombo zazikulu za ku China, zomwe zinayamba mu 1405, zomwe zimakhala ndi zombo zoposa 250 ndi zombo pafupifupi 28. anthu (amene 1 zikwi pa sitima yaikulu kwambiri chuma).

4. M'chigawo chino cha dziko lapansi, maulendo asanu ndi awiri a zombo zazikulu za ku China zalembedwa, ngakhale kuti zotheka ndi zongopeka zosatsimikizirika zimalankhulanso za njira yake yopita ku America - Columbus asanakhale ...

Mfumuyo inamutumiza kumadzi a m’nyanja ya Indian Ocean, ku Arabian Strait ndi kum’mawa kwa Africa. Yunle (wolamulira wachitatu wa Ming Dynasty) - kusonyeza mphamvu ndi kukongola kwa Ufumu wa Kumwamba (4).

5. Zaka mazana asanu ndi limodzi pambuyo pa ulendo woyamba waukulu, a ku China adalemekeza admiral awo (ngakhale a ku Mongolia) ndi sitima yapamadzi yotchedwa dzina lake - mwinamwake akungopereka katundu wa Khirisimasi wolamulidwa kumbali ina ya dziko ...?

Zazikulu za zombo za mfumu (2) - mast asanu ndi anayi baochuan (zombo zosungiramo chuma) - zinali zazikulu kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa zoyamba zam'madzi zomwe zidamangidwa panthawiyo ku Europe, ndikusamutsidwa kwa matani 100 ndikutalika kasanu kuposa mbiri ya Christopher Columbus, Santa Maria (3). Wamkulu wa iwo anali anthu oposa 3 zikwi. matani akusamuka (mogwirizana ndi frigate yamakono) ndi ma bulkheads / zipinda zopanda madzi, zomwe zidawoneka ku Europe kokha m'zaka za zana la XNUMX.

6. Ngakhale kuti zombo zazikulu zinakwiriridwa, njira zoyambira zopangira zidakhalapo mpaka lero. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa bwino magawo a matanga - adapangidwapo kuchokera ku mphasa zolukidwa zansungwi!

Mfumu inapereka lamulo la zombo zazikulu kwa mtumiki wake wodzipereka (1) - wanzeru, wamkulu (kupitirira mamita awiri) ndi wachikoka. Zheng He (Werengani: Cheng He). Ntchito yayikulu ya armada iyi, komabe, sinali kumenya nkhondo (ngakhale idakonzekera bwino), koma kutsimikiza komveka kwa olamulira amayiko ena kuti panalibe chifukwa cholowera mkangano ndi China komanso kuti kunali koyenera kugonjera. kwa iwo - mwachitsanzo, kukulitsa malonda.

7. Kusavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndi katundu wapadera kupanga 2 zikwi. patadutsa zaka zambiri kuchokera pamene zidapangidwa ku China, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamabwato amakono.

Tsoka ilo, maulendo asanu ndi awiri akuluakulu a Admiral sanakhazikitse mphamvu za China kunyanja zakum'mawa. Kusemphana maganizo ndi asilikali a ku Mongolia omwe ankakhala kumpoto kwa malire a kumpoto komanso kutumizidwa kwa ndalama zonse zomangira Mpanda Wachikuluyo, zinachititsa kuti Zheng He atamwalira mu 1433, zombo zazikuluzikuluzi zinasokonekera. Ndipotu olamulira otsatizanatsatizana analetsanso kumanga zombo zokhala ndi mlongoti woposa umodzi, ndipo dziko la China linadzipatula ku mayiko ena kwa zaka mazana ambiri.

8. Njira zothetsera zombo za ku China zimalimbikitsanso opanga zombo zamakono (Malta Falcon chithunzi).

Zowonongeka - zombo zamapiko

Mwamwayi, chidziwitso chachikulu chapanyanja, mwatsoka chomwe chinasiyidwa m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Yellow, sichinatayike. Izi zidachitika chifukwa cha omanga zombo zaku China, omwe, atatsekedwa malo awo osungiramo zombo, adasamukira kumayiko oyandikana nawo kuti akapitirize ntchito yawo kumeneko. Mpaka pano, zombo zokhala ndi matanga odziwika bwino zimayenda kudera lonse la Far East (6, 7). Zakale zachikale - chifukwa tikukamba za izo tsopano - zili ndi mawonekedwe apadera omwe amawasiyanitsa bwino ndi mabwato ena padziko lapansi:

• zokhala ndi milomo yosanja, nthawi zambiri zokhotakhota zopanda keel, koma zokhala ndi chiwongolero chopanda mapiko (10) ndi "maso" kumapeto kwa mbali zake;
• matanga ozungulira a bamboo (wofiirira mugulu lalikulu), otambasulidwa pakati pa nthiti zansungwi (nthiti), zokwezedwa kuchokera pansi (kuchokera pamafelemu apadera ooneka ngati “pi” pa sitimayo) kuti zisinthike mosavuta pamwamba pake (zolowera).

9. Kwa iwo omwe akufuna kukonzekeretsa chitsanzo cha PP-07 ndi zipangizo zachitsanzo, timalimbikitsa fanizo ili - likuwonetsa bwino ma winchi omwe amakoka matanga, ndi mafelemu omwe matanga opindika adayikidwa.

10. Okonza aku China adagwiritsa ntchito

perforated feed rudders. Mutha

Ndikuganiza chifukwa axis

kutembenuka kunali kutsogolo,

mabowo adachepetsa mphamvu yofunikira

sungani chiwongolerocho

amathanso kusokoneza kuyenda

laminar, kulimbikitsa magwiridwe antchito

zipsepse zazing'ono

liwiro (mofanana

turbulators pa mapiko achitsanzo

zoyenda).

Mayankho amtunduwu amagwiritsidwabe ntchito osati ku Far East kokha (ngakhale amapambana kumeneko). Ndiwonso gwero lachilimbikitso pamapangidwe apamwamba monga Malta Falkon (8). 

Chitsanzo RR-07: Zopanda pake

Monga mukuonera pa nkhani yokha, dongosolo lomwe titi tipange ndi lachisanu ndi chiwiri m'gulu laulemerero ili la anyamata am'nyanja. Pakadali pano, mitundu yotsatirayi ya kalasiyi imasindikizidwa mu dipatimenti yathu:

• classic ngalawa ( "MT" 5/2011);
• galleon (MT 6/2012);
• (MT 5/2013);
• tratwę (Kon-Tiki-“MT” 8/2008);
• (MT 5/2014);
• Polynesian proa (“MT” 4/2019).

Mapulani amitundu iyi atha kupezeka m'mabuku athu a mwezi uliwonse (gawo lake patsamba la akatswiri achichepere) komanso pa MODELmaniak. PL ndi mbiri ya Facebook "Regaty Rynnowe".

Mtundu wa PP-07, pazolinga zake, ndi mtundu wosavuta kwambiri wa choyambirira - ulinso ndi chowonjezera chowonjezera cha ballast, chomwe simudzachipeza muzakudya zenizeni.

Zida zazikulu zomangira mini-yacht zidzakhala (12):

• XPS thovu kapena zofanana (chitsanzochi chikhoza kupangidwanso kuchokera ku khungwa kapena balsa);
• ndodo za nsungwi ndi mainchesi 3 mm;
• filimu ya pulasitiki yoyendetsa sitima (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku zikwatu);
• chitsulo pepala 1,5-2 mm kwa ballast keel;
• mbale ya 0,3mm (monga ya chitini cha soda) kapena pulasitiki 0,5mm (monga kuchokera pa kirediti kadi yakale) ya chiwongolero. Tifunikanso:
• polima guluu (kwa thovu);
• utoto wa acrylic wopanda madzi;
• kusankha zipangizo zina masanjidwe (mwachitsanzo, kuyimirira);
• wallpaper mpeni, sandpaper chipika, pensulo, wolamulira, etc.

11. Chochititsa chidwi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosafanana, nkhwangwa zosiyanasiyana za milongoti pa junk.

Muyeneranso kuwerenga:

http://bit.ly/34BTvcJ — wynalazki z Chin

http://bit.ly/2OZ1om0 — statki chińskie (4 strony)

http://bit.ly/2sAMZoH — Zheng He

Kumanga pang'onopang'ono

Njira yabwino kwambiri yosindikizira (kukopera) zojambula zazinthu zachitsanzo pamlingo womwe mukufuna - zomwe zaperekedwa apa zidzakhala zothandiza. chitsanzo kapena sindikizani fayilo ya PDF. Pamaziko ake, gawo lalikulu la hull (2) limadulidwa kuchokera ku 13 cm wandiweyani wa styrodur slab, ndiyeno uta ndi zotsekera zakumbuyo zimadulidwa pa slab 1 cm.

12. Zida zoyambira ndi zida zopangira chitsanzo chathu.

13. Zonse zomwe mukufunikira kuti mudule ziwalo za thupi ndi mpeni wa mapepala ndi mwala wonyezimira wapakati. Chenjerani! Chithovucho chimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mano - ngakhale ndi chala!

Zinthu zina ziyenera kupangidwa ndi mchenga - bar yotsekemera (kapena siponji) yokhala ndi gradation pafupifupi 200 ndiyoyenera kwambiri pa izi. Mukathira zinthu za thovu (14), dulani chiwongolero ndi nthenga za ballast pa pepala. Kuti muwaike mu fuselage, dulani mizere yofananira pansi pake (motsatira mbali yautali) ndi mpeni.

14. Chombo chomatira ndi mchenga chatsala pang'ono kupenta - kwenikweni, tsopano zingakhale zosavuta kumata zipsepsezo.

15. Pojambula, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chidutswa cha siponji (burashi kokha m'makona) ndi utoto wa acrylic (ngakhale madzi) wopanda madzi.

Ziwalozi zikalumikizidwa pamodzi, thupi limapaka utoto (15). Chojambula cha 1: 1 chingathandizenso kudula matanga. Mutha kuwadula ndi mpeni kapena lumo - ndikofunikira kuti musasunthe template (16). Mukadula zojambulazo, muyenera kupinda mizere yoyimira nsungwi (17). Chifukwa cha iwo, matanga nawonso amatuluka - muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti akuyenda bwino.

16. Dulani matanga mosavuta ndi ma templates.

17. Kukwinya zojambulazo (kumene kunali ndodo zoyamba za nsungwi) kudzabweretsa matanga pafupi ndi kamangidwe kake.

Mabowo a masts amatha kudulidwa ndi nkhonya ya 3 mm dzenje kapena mpeni wokhala ndi masitampu a "x" (monga momwe zidachitikira posachedwapa m'mabwato ofanana ku America).

Mitsuko ya bamboo iyenera kudulidwa mpaka utali womwe ukufunidwa, kumamatira ndi matanga (osazungulira - amasokoneza mpikisano) ndikumata m'malo oyenera pamakwerero (18).

18. Zipatso za nsungwi zaku China ziyenera kudulidwa mozungulira kuzungulira ndikusweka. Akamaliza kupukuta, amamata pamwamba pake ndi matanga omata.

19. Anamaliza chitsanzo. Masamba amaikidwa mu otchedwa butterfly - kasinthidwe kameneka kanagwiritsidwa ntchito (kuphatikiza ndi junks) panjira yonse (mphepo yamkuntho).

Pakalipano, chitsanzocho chatsala pang'ono kukonzeka (19). Choncho mungafune kuganizira za zipangizo zothandiza (9): choyimilira, pennant pa mainmast (chomwe chimakhalanso chotetezera pakati pa diso ndi pamwamba pa mtengo), ndi zokongoletsera (mwachitsanzo, "maso" kutsogolo kwa mlongoti). zikopa, mafelemu "pi", spiers, nangula, etc.).

20. Chomaliza cha GOCC chomwe chikubweracho mwina chinauziridwa ndi mutu wa mabwato athu ang'onoang'ono - mwinamwake tiyenera kuugwiritsa ntchito kuti apindule aliyense ...?

Ma mainchesi awiri amadzi (pafupifupi 5 cm) m'mizere iwiri yofananira ya chute (yofotokozedwa mu "MT" 6/2011) ndi yokwanira kuthamanga, ngakhale mtundu uwu wamtunduwu ndiwowonjezera pakusambira kosangalatsa ndipo umagwera m'gulu la jekete.