chiphala cha mankhwala
Chimodzi mwazinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri zamakina ndi njira yakuwonongeka kwa ammonium dichromate (VI) (NH4) 2Cr2O7, yotchedwa "chemical volcano". Pakuchitapo kanthu, zinthu zambiri za porous zimatulutsidwa, zomwe zimatsanzira chiphalaphala chamapiri. M'masiku oyambilira a kanema, kuwonongeka kwa (NH4) 2Cr2O7 kudagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati "zapadera"! Oyesera omwe akufuna kuchita kuyesera akufunsidwa kuti asachitire kunyumba (chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa fumbi lowuluka lomwe lingawononge nyumbayo).
Kuti muyese, mufunika chotengera chadothi (kapena chotengera china chosatentha) chodzaza ndi ammonium (VI) dichromate (NH).4)2Cr2O7 (chithunzi 1). Ikani crucible pamwamba pa mulu wamchenga wofanana ndi chiphala chamoto (Pic 2) ndikuyatsa ufa walalanje ndi machesi (Pic 3). Patapita kanthawi, ndondomeko yofulumira ya kuwonongeka kwa pawiri imayamba, zomwe zimayambitsa kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zambiri za mpweya, zomwe zimabalalitsa porous chromium oxide (III) Cr.2O3 (zithunzi 4, 5 ndi 6). Pambuyo pomaliza, chilichonse chozungulira chimakutidwa ndi fumbi lakuda (chithunzi 7).
Kuwonongeka kosalekeza kwa ammonium dichromate (VI) kungalembedwe ndi equation:
Kusinthako ndi redox reaction (yotchedwa redox reaction), pomwe makutidwe ndi okosijeni a ma atomu osankhidwa amasintha. Pochita izi, oxidizing agent (chinthu chomwe chimalandira ma elekitironi ndikuchepetsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni) ndi chromium (VI):
The reduction agent (chinthu chomwe chimapereka ma elekitironi, motero, chimachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa okosijeni) ndi nayitrogeni yomwe ili mu ammonium ion (timaganizira maatomu awiri a nayitrogeni chifukwa cha N.2):
Popeza chiwerengero cha ma elekitironi operekedwa ndi kuchepetsa wothandizila ayenera kukhala wofanana ndi chiwerengero cha ma elekitironi kuvomerezedwa ndi wothandizila oxidizing, ife kuchulukitsa equation woyamba ndi 2 mbali zonse ndi moyenera chiwerengero cha otsala mpweya ndi maatomu haidrojeni.
