Makhalidwe a kuyatsa palafini KO-25
Ntchito
Kutanthauzira kwa kutchulidwa kwa mafuta omwe akufunsidwa ndikosavuta: kuyatsa palafini, ndi kutalika kwa lawi la 25 mm. Mwa njira, kutalika kwa lawi ndi chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri cha kuyenera kwa kuyatsa mafuta pazifukwa zina. Chifukwa chake, magiredi omwe amachokera ku tizigawo ta mafuta opepuka amapangidwa molingana ndi zofunikira zaukadaulo za GOST 11128-65, ndi zolemetsa - GOST 92-50. Pamapeto pake, palafini amatchedwa pyronaphth; ili ndi malo okwera kwambiri (kuchokera ku 3500C) ndi amaundana pa kutentha mokwanira otsika. Pyronaft imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero lapadera lowunikira pogwira ntchito mobisa - migodi, tunneling tunnels, ndi zina zambiri.
M'kati mwa kuyaka kotseguka, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimatulutsidwa zomwe zimakhala zoopsa ku thanzi la munthu. Choncho, ndi kuchepa kwa kutalika kwa nyali, kuopsa kwa chilengedwe kwa palafini kumachepa. Ngakhale kusowa deta sayansi, izo zatsimikiziridwa kuti zinyalala waukulu mankhwala pa kuyaka kwa kuyatsa palafini ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono particles, carbon monoxide (CO), zosiyanasiyana nayitrogeni oxides (NOx), komanso sulfure dioxide (SO).2). Kafukufuku wa palafini amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika kapena kuyatsa akusonyeza kuti mpweya ukhoza kusokoneza ntchito ya m’mapapo ndi kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana (kuphatikizapo chifuwa chachikulu), mphumu, ndi khansa. Chifukwa chake, kusalowerera ndale kwachilengedwe kwa kuyatsa kwamafuta a palafini komwe kumapangidwa pano kumatsimikiziridwa ndi izi: KO-30 → KO-25 → KO-20.
Nthawi zina, kuyatsa palafini KO-25 amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta, m'malo mwa mtundu wa TS-1 kapena KT-2, makamaka popeza imakhala ndi ma hydrocarboni apamwamba kwambiri pamapangidwe ake ndipo imatulutsa zinthu zochepa za sooty pakuyaka. Komabe, mtengo wa calorie wa palafini KO-25 ndi wotsika, womwe umasokoneza kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta otere.
Katundu Wathupi
Malafini oyatsa opangidwa kuchokera ku tizigawo tamafuta okhala ndi sulfure amadziwika ndi izi:
| chizindikiro | kuchuluka kwamtengo | |||
| KO-20 | KO-22 | KO-25 | KO-30 | |
| Kachulukidwe, t/m3 | 0,830 | 0,805 | 0,795 | 0,790 |
| Kutentha koyambirira kwa evaporation, 0С | 270 | 280 | 290 | 290 |
| kuwira, 0С | 180 | 200 | 220 | 240 |
| pophulikira, 0С | 60 | 45 | 40 | 40 |
Mitundu yonse yowunikira palafini imakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa sulfure (kuchokera 0,55 mpaka 0,66%).
Makhalidwe akuyatsa palafini KO-25 amaonedwa kuti ndi abwino kwambiri kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mu masitovu a palafini kapena ma heaters amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mu mavuvuni a nyale potengera kutengera kwamafuta kwa capillary komanso mavuni othamanga kwambiri komanso otentha kwambiri okhala ndi nozzles za nthunzi zomwe zimawotcha mafutawo popopera kapena kutentha.
Palafini KO-20
Zomwe zimagwirira ntchito palafini giredi KO-20 ndikuti, kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa sulfure, chinthu chomaliza chimapangidwanso ndi hydrotreatment. Choncho, chizindikirochi chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito potsuka ndi kuyeretsa zitsulo zazitsulo, komanso kupukuta pamwamba pa priming, kujambula, ndi zina zotero.
Palafini KO-30
Popeza kuyatsa palafini KO-30 imadziwika ndi kutalika kwa lawi lalitali kwambiri komanso kung'anima kwakukulu pakuyaka, mafutawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati madzi ogwiritsira ntchito ocheka palafini. Kachulukidwe wa KO-30 ndiye wapamwamba kwambiri pamitundu yonse yowunikira palafini, chifukwa chake amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pofuna kuteteza kwakanthawi zinthu zachitsulo.
