Makhalidwe a Maz 525
Taganizirani kulowetsedwa kwa mndandanda BelAZ - MAZ-525.
The kuloŵedwa m'malo wa mndandanda BelAZ - MAZ-525
Siriyo migodi dambo galimoto MAZ-525 (1951-1959 - MAZ-525; 1959-1965 - BelAZ-525). Chomwe chapangitsa kuti galimoto ya migodi yolemera matani 25 iwonekere ndikufunika kwa galimoto yotha kutulutsa midadada ya miyala ya granite kuti imange madamu. MAZ-205 yomwe inalipo nthawi imeneyo sinali yoyenera chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zochepa. Kuchepetsa mphamvu kunayikidwa pagalimoto kuchokera ku 450 mpaka 300 hp. 12-silinda dizilo thanki D-12A. Mbali yakumbuyo, mosiyana ndi ekseli yakutsogolo, inali yolumikizidwa mwamphamvu pa chimango, popanda akasupe, kotero palibe kuyimitsidwa komwe kungathe kupirira zolemetsa zomwe zimachitika pamene galimoto yotayirayo imadzaza ndi miyala yapang'onopang'ono sikisi (panjira).
Kuti atenge kugwedezeka kwa katundu wonyamulidwa, pansi pake anapangidwa pawiri, kuchokera ku mapepala achitsulo omwe ali ndi mgwirizano wa thundu pakati pawo. Katunduyo adasamutsidwa mwachindunji ku chimango kupyolera muzitsulo zisanu ndi chimodzi za rabara. Mawilo akuluakulu okhala ndi matayala awiri a 172 centimita anali ngati cholumikizira chachikulu. Maonekedwe a galimoto asintha kangapo pakupanga zinthu zambiri. Ngati mu chitsanzo choyamba chopangira injini m'munsi chinali chofanana ndi m'lifupi mwa cab, ndiye chinakhala chochepa kwambiri - kupulumutsa zitsulo. Fyuluta yolumikizana ndi mafuta-mpweya, yomwe sinakwane pansi pa hood, idayikidwa koyamba kumanzere, kenako kumanja. Zomwe zachitika m'makwala afumbi zidapereka yankho: ikani zosefera ziwiri.
Kuti atetezeke amakanika amene ankatumikira dizilo wa galimoto yaitali imeneyi, chitetezo choyamba anakwera m'mbali mwa hood (chithunzi kumanzere), patapita chaka anasiyidwa. Chiwerengero cha owumitsa thupi owuma chasinthidwa kuchoka pa zisanu ndi ziwiri kufika zisanu ndi chimodzi. Chifaniziro cha Chrome cha njati, chomwe chinayikidwa pa hood za MAZ-525s yoyamba, kenako chinagawidwa kukhala "nsapato" ziwiri - zotsalira izi zimamangiriridwa kumbali ya hood, ndipo ngakhale osati nthawi zonse. Mpaka pano, galimoto yokhayo yomwe yatsala ku Russia yaikidwa ngati chipilala pafupi ndi siteshoni yamagetsi yamagetsi ya Krasnoyarsk. Pakupanga magalimoto ku Belarusian Automobile Plant, njatiyo idasowa panyumba, ndipo m'malo mwake panali zolemba "BelAZ".
Mu 1959, mu Zhodino anayesera kupanga chishalo MAZ-525A ntchito ngati mbali ya sitima msewu ndi BelAZ-5271 tipper theka-kalavani ya mapangidwe ake, anaikira matani 45 thanthwe kapena nthaka. Komabe, zinachitikira sizinali bwino, ndipo theka-kalavani anapita mndandanda yekha mu 1962 ndi thalakitala wamphamvu BelAZ-540A. Patatha chaka chimodzi chiyambireni kupanga galimoto yotayira migodi MAZ-525, thirakitala MAZ-E-525D pa maziko ake anagubuduza pa zipata Minsk galimoto Bzalani. Linapangidwa kuti lizigwira ntchito limodzi ndi 15-cubic-mita D-189 scraper, yomwe ingakhoze kupirira pokhapokha ponyamula katundu ndi kuyendetsa galimoto yopanda kanthu, ndipo podzaza thupi, pusher anamangirizidwa ku msewu - MAZ yemweyo . -. E-525D yokhala ndi ballast kumbuyo.
Izi zinali zofunika, popeza kudzaza scraper kumafuna 600 hp kuchokera pa thirakitara, pamene mphamvu ya MAZ inali 300 hp. Ndipo komabe, kufunikira kwa pusher panthawiyi sikungaganizidwe kuti ndi chinthu choipa, chifukwa pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, kugwiritsa ntchito scraper ndi makina awiri kunali kothandiza kwambiri kuposa mphamvu imodzi - kuwirikiza kawiri mphamvu. Kupatula apo, wopondereza sanagwire ntchito ndi m'modzi, koma ndi zida zingapo nthawi imodzi, ndipo mtunda wokwera kwambiri wa zonyamula katundu, m'pamenenso scrapers imodzi imatha kutenga, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri.
Liwiro lalikulu la thirakitala yokhala ndi scraper yodzaza ndi 28 km / h. Inali ndi miyeso ya 6730x3210x3400 mm ndi wheelbase ya 4000 mm, yomwe ndi 780 mm yocheperapo ya galimoto yotayira pa galimoto yomwe inamangidwa. Mwachindunji kumbuyo kabati MAZ-E-525D anaika winch motsogozedwa ndi injini ndi kukoka mphamvu ya makilogalamu 3500 kulamulira scraper. Mu 1952, chifukwa cha khama la Mining Institute of Academy of Sciences la Ukraine SSR, Kharkov trolleybus depot ndi Soyuznerud trust, mtundu watsopano wa zoyendera unabadwa. Pa galimotoyo magalimoto otayira MAZ-205 ndi YaAZ-210E, ndipo patatha zaka ziwiri pa matani makumi awiri ndi asanu MAZ-525 analengedwa magalimoto oyendetsa magetsi.
Trolleybus pa anagona galimotoyo MAZ-525 okonzeka ndi magalimoto awiri trolleybus magetsi a mtundu DK-202 ndi mphamvu okwana 172 kW, kulamulidwa ndi Mtsogoleri ndi mapanelo anayi kukhudzana TP-18 kapena TP-19 mtundu. Ma motors amagetsi amayendetsanso chiwongolero champhamvu komanso kukweza thupi. Kutumiza kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kuchokera kumagetsi kupita kumagetsi amagetsi amagalimoto kunkachitikanso chimodzimodzi ndi ma trolleybus wamba: zingwe zidayikidwa panjira ya ntchito yawo, zomwe zidakhudza magalimoto otayira magetsi okhala ndi zipilala ziwiri zapadenga zomwe zidayikidwapo. . Ntchito ya madalaivala pamakina oterowo inali yosavuta kusiyana ndi magalimoto amtundu wamba omwe amataya zinyalala.
MAZ-525 dambo galimoto: specifications
Kukula kwa mafakitale a Soviet pambuyo pa nkhondo kunapangitsa kuti kuchulukirachuluke pakuchotsedwa kwa mchere, kuchotsedwa kwake kuchokera ku crankcase sikunathenso kuyendetsedwa ndi magalimoto otayira wamba. Ndipotu, mphamvu ya matupi opangidwa ndi anthu ambiri kumayambiriro kwa zaka khumi pambuyo pa nkhondo ya MAZ-205 ndi YaAZ-210E inali 3,6 ndi 8 cubic metres, motero, ndi mphamvu zonyamula sizinapitirire matani 6 ndi 10, ndipo Makampani amigodi anafunikira galimoto yotaya katundu pafupifupi kuŵirikiza kaŵiri mwa ziŵerengero zimenezi! Kukula ndi kupanga makina oterowo anapatsidwa kwa Minsk Automobile Plant.
Ntchito yovuta yotereyi inagwera pa mapewa a Boris Lvovich Shaposhnik, mutu wamtsogolo wa SKB MAZ wotchuka, kumene zida za mizinga yambiri zinalengedwa; pa nthawi imeneyo anali atagwira kale ntchito monga mlengi wamkulu, poyamba pa ZIS, ndiyeno Novosibirsk galimoto Bzalani, ntchito yomanga imene inayamba mu 1945, koma ngakhale asanatumize anasamutsidwa ku dipatimenti ina. Shaposhnik anafika ku Minsk Automobile Plant pamodzi ndi okonza ena angapo ochokera ku Novosibirsk mu November 1949, atakhala mtsogoleri wa bungwe la Design's Design (KEO). Chinthu chotchulidwa chinali tsogolo la MAZ-525. Kwa makampani opanga magalimoto apanyumba, iyi inali mtundu watsopano wamagalimoto otaya - palibe ngati izi zidapangidwapo m'dziko lathu! Ndipo pa
(yonyamula matani 25, kulemera kokwanira matani 49,5, voliyumu ya thupi 14,3 kiyubiki mita), inali ndi mayankho angapo aukadaulo omwe anali opita patsogolo panthawiyo. Mwachitsanzo, kwa nthawi yoyamba m'dziko lathu MAZ-525 ntchito chiwongolero mphamvu ndi mapulaneti gearbox anamanga mu hubs gudumu. Injini yoperekedwa kuchokera ku Barnaul yokhala ndi ma silinda 12 ooneka ngati V idapangidwa ndi 300 hp, clutch inali yapawiri-disk ndikuphatikizidwa ndi hydraulic clutch yomwe imateteza kufalikira, ndipo m'mimba mwake mawilo pafupifupi kuposa kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu!
Zoonadi, malinga ndi mfundo zamasiku ano, mphamvu ya galimoto yoyamba ya Soviet MAZ-525 si yochititsa chidwi: magalimoto amtundu wamba omwe amapangidwa, opangidwa kuti aziyendetsa misewu ya anthu, amanyamula katundu wofanana. Pakatikati mwa zaka zapakati pazaka zapitazi, kusamutsidwa kwa "makyubu" oposa 14 mu ndege imodzi kunkaonedwa ngati kupambana kwakukulu! Kuyerekeza: pa nthawi imeneyo "YaAZ-210E" - yaikulu m'banja msewu dambo galimoto, anali ndi voliyumu thupi, amene anali sikisi "makyubu" zochepa.
Kutangoyamba kumene kupanga misa mu 1951, kusintha kwakukulu kunapangidwa pa maonekedwe a miyalayi: mzere wa radiator wa semicircular unasinthidwa ndi amakona anayi, m'lifupi mwa nyumbayo unachepetsedwa poyang'ana mawonekedwe ake ndi kabati. njanji zazing'ono zotetezera pazitsulo zakutsogolo zidachotsedwa. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, mu 1954, kusinthidwa kwa galimoto yotayirako kunawoneka ndi injini ziwiri za trolleybus zomwe zinayikidwa pansi pa hood ndi mphamvu zonse za 234 hp ndi pantograph yokwera padenga la cab. Ngakhale kuti chitukuko sichinakhale chokhazikika, chinkawoneka chofunikira kwambiri: dizilo 39-lita ya chitsanzo chodziwika bwino chinali chosowa, chowononga malita 135 a dizilo pa makilomita 100 ngakhale m'malo abwino.
Pazonse, zoposa 1959 MAZ-800s zinapangidwa ku Minsk Automobile Plant mpaka 525, pambuyo pake kupanga kwawo kunasamutsidwa ku mzinda wa Zhodino ku malo otchedwa Belarusian Automobile Plant.
Anakhala BelAZ
Chomeracho, chomwe masiku ano chimapanga magalimoto akuluakulu otayira, sichinayambike: chinapangidwa pamaziko a Zhodino Mechanical Plant, yomwe imapanga magalimoto apamsewu ndi othawa. Lingaliro la Komiti Yaikulu ya CPSU ndi Council of Ministers of the USSR pakusintha dzina lake kukhala Belarusian Automobile Plant idapangidwa pa Epulo 17, 1958. Mu August, Nikolai Ivanovich Derevyanko, yemwe kale ankagwira ntchito monga wachiwiri kwa mkulu wa MAZ, anakhala wolengeza za kampani yatsopano.
Gulu lotsogozedwa ndi iye anapatsidwa ntchito osati kulinganiza kupanga mofulumira MAZ-525 zofunika kwa dziko, komanso kupanga mzere msonkhano kwa ichi - migodi dambo magalimoto ntchito makina amenewa sanabadwe opangidwa ndi aliyense. dziko kale.
Woyamba Zhodino MAZ-525 kuchokera ku zigawo zoperekedwa ndi Minsk anasonkhana pa November 1, 1958, ndipo ngakhale kuti zida zambiri sizinayambe kugwira ntchito. Koma mu October 1960, debugged mzere conveyor, anapezerapo kupanga makina osindikizira ndi kuwotcherera, komanso katswiri kupanga zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi misonkhano, Chibelarusi Automobile Bzalani anapereka chikwi MAZ-525 makasitomala.
Galimoto yoyamba yotayira migodi yapakhomo idakhala maziko opangira mathirakitala agalimoto pamaziko ake. Choyamba, mu 1952, MAZ-E-525D anaonekera, anakonza kukoka scraper 15-cc D-189, ndipo kale Belarusian Automobile Plant anayesa MAZ-525, wokhoza kukoka single-axle dambo theka-kalavani. kalavani - ngolo yopangidwa kunyamula matani 40 a katundu wambiri. Koma palibe chimodzi kapena chimzake chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa chosowa mphamvu ya injini (mwachitsanzo, pamene kuthira thupi, ngakhale scraper iyenera kukankhidwa ndi galimoto yothamanga, MAZ-525 yomweyi ndi ballast wokwera mu chimango. ). Galimoto yotayira pansi inali ndi zovuta zingapo. Choyamba, ndizopangidwa mopitilira muyeso, zitsulo zambiri, kufalitsa kosakwanira, liwiro lotsika komanso palibe chitsulo choyimitsira kumbuyo. Choncho, mu 1960, okonza galimoto ku Belarus anayamba kupanga galimoto yatsopano yotayira migodi ya BelAZ-540, yomwe inakhala kholo la banja lalikulu la magalimoto akuluakulu a Zhodino pansi pa mtundu wa BelAZ. Iye m'malo MAZ-525 pa chonyamulira, kupanga umene unachepetsedwa mu 1965.
