mawonekedwe, gulu, nambala ya cetane, gulu langozi
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mawonekedwe, gulu, nambala ya cetane, gulu langozi

27.06.2022 /

Potsatira mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, boma la Russia posachedwapa laletsa mafuta a dizilo a gulu lachiwiri kukhala loletsedwa. Kodi izi zikugwirizana ndi chiyani komanso mafuta a dizilo omwe ali nawo, tidzakambirana m'nkhani ya lero.

Kutentha kwamagulu amafuta a dizilo

Chifukwa chakuti mafuta a dizilo ali ndi parafini, yomwe imakhazikika pa kutentha kwapansi pa zero, (mafuta) amagawidwa malinga ndi nyengo. Iliyonse mwa magulu otsatirawa ili ndi kutentha kwake kosefa.

  • Kalasi A +5° C.
  • Gawo B0° C.
  • Kalasi C -5° C.
  • Gawo D-10° C.
  • Kalasi B -15° C.
  • Kalasi B -20° C.

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti m'madera omwe kutentha kozungulira kumatha kugwera pansi pazigawo zomwe zili pamwambazi, makalasi ena amaperekedwa - kuyambira 1 mpaka 4. Zotsatirazi ndi: kalasi, mtambo wamtambo ndi filterability.

  • 0:-10° C, -makumi awiri° C;
  • 1:-16° C, -makumi awiri° C;
  • 2:-22° C, -makumi awiri° C;
  • 3:-28° C, -makumi awiri° C;
  • 4:-34° C, -makumi awiri° C.

Zikuoneka kuti pogwiritsira ntchito mafuta a dizilo m'madera osiyanasiyana a nyengo, simuyenera kudandaula kuti adzaundana ndipo, chifukwa chake, ntchito yofunika idzalephera.

mawonekedwe, gulu, nambala ya cetane, gulu langozi

Makalasi owopsa

GOST yamakono imapereka magulu atatu owopsa a zinthu zovulaza.

Nazi izi:

  • I class - yoopsa kwambiri;
  • Gulu la II - loopsa kwambiri;
  • III - chiopsezo chochepa.

Ndipo chifukwa chakuti kutentha kwa dizilo mafuta pa kung'anima kuposa 61° C, amaikidwa ngati chinthu choopsa kwambiri (ndiko kuti, kalasi VI). Ndizodabwitsa kuti zinthu monga mafuta a gasi kapena mafuta otenthetsera nawonso ndi a gulu lomwelo. Mwachidule, mafuta a dizilo samaphulika.

mawonekedwe, gulu, nambala ya cetane, gulu langozi

Makhalidwe a mayendedwe ndi ntchito

Mafuta a dizilo amatha kunyamulidwa pagalimoto yomwe ili ndi cholinga ichi, chomwe chilolezo choyenera chaperekedwa. Kuonjezera apo, pakakhala moto, makina oterowo ayenera kukhala ndi zipangizo zoyenera zozimitsira moto. Pomaliza, maphukusi onse ayenera kulembedwa bwino - UN No. 3 kapena OOH No.

Nthawi zonse, mafuta a dizilo amayaka kwambiri pa kutentha kochepa, makamaka poyerekeza ndi zosakaniza zina zoyaka - mwachitsanzo, ndi mafuta. Koma m'chilimwe, pamene kutentha kozungulira kumatha kufika malire a pachaka, ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito mafuta a dizilo mosamala kwambiri. Makamaka ngati mukutanthauza mafuta ambiri.

nambala ya cetane

Nambala iyi imawonedwa ngati chizindikiro chachikulu cha kuyaka kwamafuta ndikuzindikira mphamvu yake yoyaka, nthawi yochedwa (nthawi yapakati pa jekeseni ndi kuyatsa). Zonsezi zimakhudza liwiro la injini, komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Kuchuluka kwa chiwerengerocho, mafuta a dizilo amawotcha bwino komanso mogwira mtima.

Palinso chinthu monga cetane index. Zimatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera zowonjezera kuti muwonjezere mlingo wa cetane. Ndikofunikira kuti kusiyana pakati pa nambala ndi index ndi kochepa, popeza zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana zimakhudza kapangidwe ka mafuta a dizilo m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

mawonekedwe, gulu, nambala ya cetane, gulu langozi

Magulu amafuta

Osati kale kwambiri, boma la Russian Federation linasaina pangano la mgwirizano ndi European Union pokhudzana ndi mafakitale oyenga mafuta. Ndicho chifukwa chake gulu la ku Ulaya la zinthu zoyaka moto likubwera mwadongosolo ku Russia.

Dziwani kuti lero pali kale 2 miyezo:

  • zoweta GOST;
  • European kapena, monga imatchedwanso, Euro.

Ndizodziwika kuti malo ambiri odzaza mafuta amapereka zambiri pamafuta a dizilo nthawi imodzi pazosankha zoyamba ndi zachiwiri. Koma kunena zoona, mfundo zonse ziwiri zimafanana pafupifupi chirichonse, kotero kwa mwini galimoto wodziwa GOST, zidzakhala zosavuta kuzolowera Euro.

Mafuta a dizilo amafunikira magawo




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