GPS. Ndi chiyani icho? Kuyika mu mafoni a m'manja, oyenda panyanja, etc.

GPS ndi setilaiti yomwe imakulolani kudziwa malo enieni a munthu kapena chinthu. Dzina lake limaimira Global Positioning System, kapena, m'Chirasha, dongosolo loyika zinthu padziko lonse lapansi. Masiku ano, mwina aliyense adamvapo za izi, ndipo ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi nthawi zonse.

Momwe ntchito

Dongosolo la ma satelayiti, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe ma coordinates amatsimikiziridwa, amatchedwa NAVSTAR. Lili ndi ma satellites a 24 mamita asanu a 787-kilogram omwe amazungulira m'njira zisanu ndi imodzi. Nthawi yakusintha kumodzi kwa satellite ndi maola 12. Iliyonse yaiwo ili ndi wotchi yolondola kwambiri ya atomiki, chipangizo cholembera ndi cholumikizira champhamvu. Kuphatikiza pa ma satellites, malo owongolera pansi amagwira ntchito mudongosolo.

Mfundo ntchito dongosolo ndi losavuta. Kuti mumvetse bwino, muyenera kulingalira ndege yomwe ili ndi mfundo zitatu zomwe zakonzedwa, malo omwe amadziwika bwino. Podziwa mtunda kuchokera pazigawo zonsezi kupita ku chinthu (GPS wolandila), mutha kuwerengera zolumikizira zake. Zowona, izi zimatheka pokhapokha ngati mfundo sizili pamzere wowongoka womwewo.

Njira yothetsera vutoli ikuwoneka motere: kuzungulira mfundo iliyonse ndikofunikira kujambula bwalo ndi radius yofanana ndi mtunda kuchokera ku chinthucho. Malo olandila adzakhala pomwe mabwalo onse atatu amadutsa. Mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kudziwa zolumikizira zokha mu ndege yopingasa. Ngati mukufunanso kudziwa kutalika pamwamba pa nyanja, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito satellite yachinayi. Ndiye kuzungulira mfundo iliyonse muyenera kujambula osati bwalo, koma bwalo.

Mu dongosolo la GPS, lingaliro ili likugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma satelayiti aliwonse, kutengera magawo angapo, amasankha zolumikizira zake ndikuzitumiza ngati chizindikiro. Pokonza ma siginoloji nthawi imodzi kuchokera ku ma satelayiti anayi, cholandira GPS chimazindikira mtunda wa aliyense wa iwo pochedwetsa nthawi, ndipo potengera deta iyi, amawerengera ma coordinates ake.

Kupezeka

Ogwiritsa sayenera kulipira ntchito imeneyi. Ndikokwanira kugula chipangizo chotha kuzindikira zizindikiro za satellite. Koma musaiwale kuti GPS idapangidwa poyambirira kuti ikwaniritse zosowa za Asitikali aku United States. Popita nthawi, idapezeka poyera, koma Pentagon idasunga ufulu woletsa kugwiritsa ntchito dongosololi nthawi iliyonse.

Mitundu yolandila

Malinga ndi mtundu wa magwiridwe antchito, zolandila GPS zitha kukhala zodziyimira zokha kapena kupangidwa kuti zilumikizidwe ndi zida zina. Zipangizo zamtundu woyamba zimatchedwa navigator. Pa tsamba lathu la vodi.su, tawunikanso mitundu yotchuka ya 2015. Cholinga chawo chokha ndikuyenda panyanja. Kuphatikiza pa cholandiracho chokha, oyendetsa ndege alinso ndi chinsalu ndi chipangizo chosungira chomwe mapu amaikidwa.

Zipangizo zamtundu wachiwiri ndi mabokosi apamwamba opangidwa kuti agwirizane ndi laputopu kapena makompyuta apakompyuta. Kugula kwawo kuli koyenera ngati wogwiritsa ntchito ali kale ndi PDA. Mitundu yamakono imapereka njira zosiyanasiyana zolumikizira (mwachitsanzo, kudzera pa Bluetooth kapena chingwe).

Malinga ndi kukula kwake, komanso mtengo, magulu 4 a olandila amatha kusiyanitsa:

• zolandila zaumwini (zofuna kugwiritsidwa ntchito payekha). Iwo ndi ang'onoang'ono kukula kwake, akhoza kukhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zowonjezera, kuwonjezera pa zenizeni zenizeni (kuwerengera njira, imelo, etc.), ali ndi thupi lopangidwa ndi rubberized, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu yotsutsa;
• olandila magalimoto (oyikidwa m'magalimoto, kutumiza zidziwitso kwa dispatcher);
• olandila apanyanja (okhala ndi ntchito zina: ultrasonic echo sounder, mamapu am'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndi zina zambiri);
• zolandirira ndege (zogwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa ndege).

Dongosolo la GPS ndi laulere kugwiritsa ntchito, limagwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi (kupatula kumtunda kwa Arctic), ndipo lili ndi zolondola kwambiri (luso laukadaulo limalola kuchepetsa cholakwikacho mpaka ma centimita angapo). Chifukwa cha makhalidwe amenewa, kutchuka kwake kuli kwakukulu kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, pali njira zina zoyikira (mwachitsanzo, Russian GLONASS).

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