Hydro compensators - ndichiyani
Injini imawotcha panthawi yogwira ntchito, yomwe imatsogolera kukukula kwachilengedwe kwa zigawo zachitsulo. Okonza amaganizira izi ndipo amasiya mipata yapadera yotentha. Komabe, mbali ina ya injini ndi kuvala kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mbali, motero, mipata ikukulirakulira ndipo timawona zinthu zoipa monga kuchepa kwa mphamvu, kuchepa kwa psinjika, kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta ndi mafuta, ndi kuwonongeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mbali za injini.
Chofunikira pa injini iliyonse yoyaka mafuta mkati ndi njira yogawa gasi.
Zofunika zake zazikulu:
- camshaft yokhala ndi makamera opangidwapo;
- mavavu olowera ndi kutulutsa;
- zonyamula ma valve;
- camshaft pulley (amayendetsa shaft chifukwa cha lamba wanthawi).
Tatchula zinthu zazikulu zokha, koma zoona zake n’zakuti pali zinanso. Chofunikira kwambiri pa nthawiyo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti camshaft imayenda molumikizana ndi crankshaft, makamerawo amakankhira pamakankha (kapena ma rocker arms), ndipo nawonso amayika ma valve kuti aziyenda.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, mipata imapanga pakati pa malo ogwira ntchito a camshaft, pushers (kapena rocker arms mu injini zooneka ngati V). Pofuna kuwalipirira, ankakonda kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosavuta yosinthira pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zapadera ndi ma wrenches. Ndinayenera kusintha mipata kwenikweni iliyonse 10-15 zikwi makilomita.
Mpaka pano, vutoli lazimiririka chifukwa chopanga komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ma hydraulic compensators.
Chipangizo ndi mfundo ya ntchito ya hydraulic compensator
Pali mitundu ingapo yonyamulira ma hydraulic opangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yanthawi (yokhala ndi zopukutira, mikono ya rocker kapena kukhazikitsa camshaft yotsika). Koma chipangizocho chokha ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito ndizofanana.
Zinthu zazikulu za hydraulic compensator:
- plunger awiri (mpira, kasupe, manja a plunger);
- njira kuti mafuta alowe mu compensator;
- mlandu.
Compensator imayikidwa pamutu wa silinda pamalo osankhidwa mwapadera. Ndikothekanso kuziyika pamitundu yakale ya injini zomwe kuyika kwawo sikunaperekedwe.
Mfundo ya ntchito ndi yosavuta. Kamera ya camshaft ili ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika. Akapanda kukanikizira kankhanga, kusiyana pakati pawo kumawonjezeka. Panthawiyi, makina osindikizira a plunger pa valavu ya plunger ndi mafuta kuchokera ku makina opangira mafuta amalowa mu compensator, gawo logwira ntchito la compensator likukwera pang'ono, limayika pusher ndikuyenda ndipo kusiyana pakati pa cam ndi pusher kutha.
Pamene camshaft imapanga kusintha ndipo cam imayamba kunyamula pusher, gawo logwira ntchito la hydraulic compensator limayamba kutsika mpaka njira yoperekera mafuta itatsekedwa. Chifukwa chake, kupanikizika mkati mwa compensator kumawonjezeka ndipo kumaperekedwa ku tsinde la valve ya injini.
Choncho, chifukwa cha compensators, kusowa kwa mipata kumatsimikiziridwa. Ngati mukuganizabe kuti zonsezi zimachitika mofulumira kwambiri - mpaka 6 zikwi zosintha pa mphindi - ndiye mwachisawawa pali kusirira kuti kupangidwa kosavuta koteroko kumatha kuthetsa vuto la chilolezo mu makina a valve.
Zinali chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma compensators a hydraulic kuti kunali kotheka kukwaniritsa zabwino zamainjini atsopano kuposa akale:
- palibe chifukwa chosinthira ma valve nthawi zonse;
- ntchito ya injini yakhala yofewa komanso yabata;
- chiwerengero cha kugwedezeka kwa ma valve ndi camshaft kwachepa.
Choyipa chaching'ono pakugwiritsa ntchito ma hydraulic lifters ndikugogoda komwe kumamveka masekondi oyamba poyambitsa injini yozizira. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuthamanga kwamafuta m'dongosolo sikokwanira, ndipo zowunikira zomwe zimafunidwa zimatheka pamene mafuta amatenthedwa ndi kutentha kwina ndikumakula, ndikudzaza mapanga amkati a compensators.
Mavuto akulu a hydraulic lifters
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti plunger awiri a compensator ndi chipangizo cholondola kwambiri. Kusiyana pakati pa manja ndi plunger ndi ma microns ochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yotulutsira mafuta imakhalanso yaying'ono kwambiri m'mimba mwake. Choncho, njirazi zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ubwino wa mafuta. Amayamba kugogoda ndikulephera ngati mafuta otsika amatsanuliridwa mu injini, kapena ngati muli ndi slag yambiri, dothi, mchenga, ndi zina zotero.
Ngati pali zofooka mu dongosolo kondomu injini, ndiye mafuta sangathe kulowa compensators, ndipo izo zidzatenthedwa ndi kulephera mofulumira.
Akatswiri a portal yamagalimoto vodi.su amatengera chidwi chanu kuti ngati makina onyamula ma hydraulic ayikidwa mu injini, ndiye kuti sikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudzaze ndi mafuta owoneka bwino, monga mineral 15W40.
Mukayika kapena kusintha ma compensators, onetsetsani kuti ali ndi mafuta. Nthawi zambiri amatumizidwa kale atadzazidwa. Ngati pali mpweya mkati, ndiye kuti mpweya ukhoza kuchitika ndipo makinawo sangathe kugwira ntchito zake.
Ngati galimotoyo yakhala ikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, mafuta amatha kutuluka kuchokera ku compensators. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuwapopa: lolani injini kuthamanga mosalekeza, ndiyeno pa liwiro variable, ndiyeno opanda ntchito - mafuta amapita compensators.
Mu kanemayu, katswiri adzalankhula za chipangizo ndi mfundo zoyendetsera ma hydraulic lifters.
Tikutsegula...
