Tinalakwa pati?

Physics yadzipeza yokha mukufa kosasangalatsa. Ngakhale ili ndi Standard Model yake, yowonjezeredwa posachedwapa ndi tinthu ta Higgs, kupita patsogolo konseku sikuchita pang'ono kufotokoza zinsinsi zazikulu zamakono, mphamvu zakuda, zinthu zamdima, mphamvu yokoka, zinthu-antimatter asymmetries, komanso ngakhale neutrino oscillations.

Roberto Unger ndi Lee Smolin

Lee Smolin, katswiri wodziwika bwino wa sayansi ya zakuthambo yemwe wakhala akutchulidwa kwa zaka zambiri kuti ndi mmodzi mwa anthu omwe akufuna kuti alandire Mphotho ya Nobel, lofalitsidwa posachedwapa ndi wafilosofi. Roberto Ungerem, buku lakuti “The Singular Universe and the Reality of Time”. Mmenemo, olemba amasanthula, aliyense kuchokera pamalingaliro a chilango chawo, mkhalidwe wosokonezeka wa sayansi yamakono. "Sayansi imalephera ikasiya malo otsimikizira zoyeserera komanso kuthekera kokana," iwo akulemba. Amalimbikitsa akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo kuti abwerere mmbuyo ndikuyang'ana chiyambi chatsopano.

Zopereka zawo ndizokhazikika. Smolin ndi Unger, mwachitsanzo, akufuna kuti tibwerere ku lingaliro Chilengedwe chimodzi. Chifukwa chake ndi chosavuta - timakumana ndi chilengedwe chimodzi chokha, ndipo chimodzi mwa izo chikhoza kufufuzidwa mwasayansi, pamene zonena za kukhalapo kwa kuchulukira kwawo ndizosatsimikizirika.. Lingaliro lina lomwe Smolin ndi Unger akufuna kuvomereza ndi motere. zenizeni za nthawiosati kupereka mwayi kwa akatswiri amalingaliro kuti achoke ku chenicheni cha zenizeni ndi kusintha kwake. Ndipo, potsiriza, olemba amalimbikitsa kuti aletse chilakolako cha masamu, chomwe, mu "zokongola" ndi zitsanzo zake zokongola, zimachoka kudziko lodziwika bwino komanso lotheka. fufuzani moyesera.

Ndani amadziwa "mathematics wokongola" chiphunzitso cha chingwe, wotsirizirayo amazindikira mosavuta kutsutsidwa kwake m'mawu apamwambawa. Komabe, vuto ndi lofala kwambiri. Mawu ndi zofalitsa zambiri masiku ano zimakhulupirira kuti physics yafika pachimake. Tiyenera kuti tinalakwitsa kwinakwake, ofufuza ambiri amavomereza.

Chifukwa chake Smolin ndi Unger sali okha. Miyezi ingapo yapitayo mu "Nature" George Ellis i Joseph Silk adasindikiza nkhani yokhudza kuteteza kukhulupirika kwa physicspodzudzula anthu omwe amakonda kuchedwetsa ku kuyesa kosatha kwa "mawa" kuyesa malingaliro osiyanasiyana "zamakono" a chilengedwe. Ayenera kukhala ndi "kukongola kokwanira" ndi mtengo wofotokozera. "Izi zikuphwanya miyambo yakale ya sayansi yakuti chidziwitso cha sayansi ndi chidziwitso. motsimikizikaasayansi kukumbukira. Zowonadi zikuwonetsa momveka bwino "kuvuta koyeserera" kwa sayansi yamakono.. Malingaliro aposachedwa onena za chilengedwe ndi mawonekedwe a dziko lapansi ndi Chilengedwe, monga lamulo, sangathe kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesa komwe kulipo kwa anthu.

Supersymmetric Particle Analogs - Kuwona

Pozindikira chifuwa cha Higgs, asayansi "akwaniritsa" Mtundu wamba. Komabe, dziko la physics silikukhutitsidwa. Timadziwa za quarks ndi leptons zonse, koma sitidziwa momwe tingagwirizanitse izi ndi chiphunzitso cha Einstein cha mphamvu yokoka. Sitikudziwa momwe tingaphatikizire makina a quantum ndi mphamvu yokoka kuti apange chiphunzitso chogwirizana cha quantum gravity. Sitikudziwanso chomwe Big Bang ndi (kapena ngati chinalipodi).

Pakadali pano, tiyeni tizitcha akatswiri azamafizikiki, amawona gawo lotsatira pambuyo pa Standard Model mu supersymmetry (SUSY), yomwe imaneneratu kuti gawo lililonse loyambira lomwe timadziwa lili ndi "mnzako" wofanana. Izi zimawirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa midadada yomangira zinthu, koma chiphunzitsocho chimagwirizana bwino ndi masamu a masamu ndipo, chofunikira kwambiri, chimapereka mwayi womasulira chinsinsi cha zinthu zamdima zakuthambo. Zinangotsala kuyembekezera zotsatira za kuyesa pa Large Hadron Collider, zomwe zidzatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa particles supersymmetric.

Komabe, palibe zopezedwa zotere zomwe zidamveka ku Geneva. Ngati palibe chatsopano chomwe chimachokera ku kuyesa kwa LHC, akatswiri ambiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo amakhulupirira kuti ziphunzitso za supersymmetric ziyenera kuchotsedwa mwakachetechete, komanso superstructurezomwe zimachokera ku supersymmetry. Pali asayansi omwe ali okonzeka kuteteza, ngakhale sapeza chitsimikiziro choyesera, chifukwa chiphunzitso cha SUSA ndi "chokongola kwambiri kuti chisakhale chabodza." Ngati ndi kotheka, akufuna kuwunikanso ma equation awo kuti atsimikizire kuti ma particle a supersymmetric ali kunja kwa LHC.

Anomaly achikunja anomaly

Zowoneka - ndizosavuta kunena! Komabe, pamene, mwachitsanzo, akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo apambana kuyika muon mu orbit mozungulira pulotoni, ndipo pulotoni "imafufuma", ndiye kuti zinthu zachilendo zimayamba kuchitika ku fizikiki yomwe timadziwika nayo. Kulemera kwa atomu ya hydrogen kumapangidwa ndipo kumakhala kuti phata, i.e. pulotoni mu atomu yotereyi ndi yokulirapo (i.e. ili ndi utali wokulirapo) kuposa pulotoni "wamba".

Physics monga tikudziwira singakhoze kufotokoza chodabwitsa ichi. Muon, lepitoni yomwe imalowa m'malo mwa elekitironi mu atomu, iyenera kukhala ngati elekitironi - ndipo imatero, koma chifukwa chiyani kusinthaku kumakhudza kukula kwa pulotoni? Asayansi sakumvetsa izi. Mwinamwake iwo akanakhoza kuthetsa izo, koma^dikirani miniti. Kukula kwa proton kumagwirizana ndi malingaliro apano a physics, makamaka Standard Model. Okhulupirira nthano ayamba kufotokoza kuyanjana kosadziwika bwino kumeneku mtundu watsopano wa kulumikizana kofunikira. Komabe, izi ndi zongopeka chabe mpaka pano. Ali m'njira, kuyesa kunachitika ndi maatomu a deuterium, kukhulupirira kuti neutroni mu nucleus imatha kukhudza zotsatira zake. Mapulotoni anali okulirapo ndi ma muons mozungulira kuposa ma electron.

Chodabwitsa china chatsopano ndi kukhalapo komwe kudachitika chifukwa cha kafukufuku wa asayansi ochokera ku Trinity College Dublin. mawonekedwe atsopano a kuwala. Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimayezedwa ndi kuwala ndi mphamvu yake yozungulira. Mpaka pano, ankakhulupirira kuti mu mitundu yambiri ya kuwala, mphamvu ya angular ndi yochuluka Planck nthawi zonse. Panthawiyi, Dr. Kyle Ballantine ndi pulofesa Paul Eastham i John Donegan adapeza mtundu wina wa kuwala komwe mphamvu ya angular ya photon iliyonse imakhala theka la Planck yosasinthasintha.

Kutulukira kochititsa chidwi kumeneku kumasonyeza kuti ngakhale zinthu zofunika kwambiri za kuwala, zimene tinkaganiza kuti sizisintha, zikhoza kusinthidwa. Izi zidzakhala ndi zotsatira zenizeni pa phunziro la chikhalidwe cha kuwala ndipo zidzapeza ntchito zothandiza, mwachitsanzo, mu mauthenga otetezeka a optical. Kuyambira m’ma 80, akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo akhala akudabwa kuti tinthu tating’onoting’ono timayenda bwanji m’miyeso iwiri yokha ya mlengalenga wa mbali zitatu. Adapeza kuti ndiye kuti tikhala tikukumana ndi zochitika zambiri zachilendo, kuphatikiza tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala timagulu tating'onoting'ono. Tsopano izo zatsimikiziridwa kukhala kuwala. Izi ndizosangalatsa kwambiri, koma zikutanthauza kuti malingaliro ambiri akufunikabe kusinthidwa. Ndipo ichi ndi chiyambi chabe cha kulumikizana ndi zatsopano zomwe zimabweretsa kupesa ku fizikisi.

Chaka chapitacho, zidziwitso zidawonekera m'ma TV zomwe akatswiri asayansi aku Cornell University adatsimikizira pakuyesa kwawo. Zotsatira za Quantum Zeno - kuthekera koyimitsa dongosolo la quantum pongoyang'ana mosalekeza. Amatchedwa dzina la wanthanthi Wachigiriki wakale amene ananena kuti kuyenda ndi chinyengo chimene sichingachitike kwenikweni. Kulumikizana kwa malingaliro akale ndi sayansi yamakono ndi ntchito Baidyanatha Egypt i George Sudarshan ochokera ku yunivesite ya Texas, yemwe anafotokoza zododometsa izi mu 1977. David Wineland, katswiri wa sayansi ya sayansi ya ku America ndi Nobel Prize mu physics, yemwe MT adalankhula naye mu November 2012, adawonetsa koyamba kuyesa kwa Zeno effect, koma asayansi sanagwirizane ngati kuyesa kwake kunatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa chochitikacho.

Kuwonetseratu kwa kuyesa kwa Wheeler

Chaka chatha adapeza zatsopano Mukund Vengalattoreyemwe, pamodzi ndi gulu lake lofufuza, adayesa ku labotale ya ultracold ku yunivesite ya Cornell. Asayansiwa adapanga ndikuziziritsa mpweya wa maatomu a rubidium pafupifupi biliyoni imodzi mchipinda chopanda mpweya ndikuyimitsa misa pakati pa matabwa a laser. Ma atomu adadzipanga okha ndikupanga dongosolo la lattice - adachita ngati ali mu thupi la crystalline. M’nyengo yozizira kwambiri, ankatha kuyenda pa liwiro lotsika kwambiri. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo ankawaona pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu ndipo ankawaunikira pogwiritsa ntchito makina ojambulira zithunzi a laser kuti athe kuwaona. Laser itazimitsidwa kapena pang'onopang'ono, ma atomuwo amawongoleredwa momasuka, koma mtengo wa laser utayamba kuwala ndipo miyeso imatengedwa pafupipafupi, mlingo wolowera watsika kwambiri.

Vengalattore anafotokozera mwachidule kuyesera kwake motere: "Tsopano tili ndi mwayi wapadera wolamulira quantum dynamics pokhapokha poyang'ana." Kodi oganiza "oganiza bwino", kuchokera ku Zeno kupita ku Berkeley, adanyozedwa mu "m'badwo wa kulingalira", kodi anali olondola kuti zinthu zimakhalapo chifukwa timaziwona?

Posachedwapa, zosokoneza zosiyanasiyana ndi zosagwirizana ndi (mwachiwonekere) malingaliro omwe akhazikika pazaka zambiri zawonekera. Chitsanzo china chimachokera ku zochitika zakuthambo - miyezi ingapo yapitayo zinapezeka kuti chilengedwe chikukula mofulumira kuposa momwe anthu odziwika bwino amasonyezera. Malinga ndi nkhani ya Epulo 2016 Nature, miyeso ya asayansi aku University of Johns Hopkins inali 8% kuposa momwe amayembekezeredwa ndi sayansi yamakono. Asayansi anagwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano kusanthula otchedwa muyezo makandulo,ndi. magetsi amaonedwa kuti ndi okhazikika. Apanso, ndemanga zochokera ku gulu la asayansi zimanena kuti zotsatirazi zikusonyeza vuto lalikulu la ziphunzitso zamakono.

Mmodzi mwa akatswiri asayansi amakono, John Archibald Wheeler, adapereka lingaliro la kuyesa kwapang'onopang'ono komwe kumadziwika panthawiyo. M’kapangidwe kake ka maganizo, kuunika kochokera ku quasar, kutali ndi mtunda wa zaka biliyoni za kuwala, kumadutsa mbali ziŵiri zotsutsana za mlalang’ambawo. Ngati owonerera ayang'ana njira iliyonse payokha, amawona ma photon. Ngati onse awiri nthawi imodzi, adzawona funde. Chifukwa chake Sam kuyang'anitsitsa kumasintha chikhalidwe cha kuwalazomwe zidasiya quasar zaka biliyoni zapitazo.

Malinga ndi Wheeler, zomwe zili pamwambazi zikutsimikizira kuti chilengedwe sichingakhalepo m’lingaliro lakuthupi, osati m’lingaliro limene tinazoloŵera kumvetsetsa “mkhalidwe wakuthupi.” Sizingachitikenso m'mbuyomu, mpaka ... tayesa. Chifukwa chake, gawo lathu lamakono limakhudza zakale. Kotero, ndi kupenya kwathu, kuzindikira ndi miyeso, timapanga zochitika zakale, kumbuyo kwa nthawi, mpaka ... chiyambi cha Chilengedwe!

Kusintha kwa Hologram kumatha

Fiziki ya black hole ikuwoneka kuti ikuwonetsa, monga momwe masamu ena amasonyezera, kuti chilengedwe chathu sichili chomwe mphamvu zathu zimatiuza kukhala, ndiko kuti, mbali zitatu (gawo lachinayi, nthawi, limadziwitsidwa ndi malingaliro). Chowonadi chomwe chatizungulira chingakhale hologram ndi chithunzithunzi cha mbali ziwiri, ndege yakutali. Ngati chithunzithunzi cha chilengedwechi chili cholondola, chinyengo cha mbali zitatu za nthawi ya m’mlengalenga chikhoza kuthetsedwa mwamsanga pamene zida zofufuzira zimene tili nazo zikakhala zatcheru mokwanira. Craig Hogan, pulofesa wa physics ku Fermilab amene wathera zaka zambiri akuphunzira mmene chilengedwe chimapangidwira, akusonyeza kuti mlingo umenewu wangofika kumene. Ngati chilengedwe ndi hologram, mwinamwake tafika malire a chigamulo chenicheni. Akatswiri ena a sayansi ya zakuthambo apereka malingaliro ochititsa chidwi kuti nthawi yomwe tikukhalamo sikuti ikupitirirabe, koma, monga chithunzi cha chithunzi cha digito, pamlingo wake wofunikira kwambiri chimakhala ndi mtundu wina wa "tirigu" kapena "pixel". Ngati ndi choncho, chenicheni chathu chiyenera kukhala ndi “chigamulo” chomaliza. Umu ndi momwe ofufuza ena adatanthauzira "phokoso" lomwe lidawonekera muzotsatira za Geo600 gravitational wave detector zaka zingapo zapitazo.

Pofuna kuyesa lingaliro lachilendoli, Craig Hogan ndi gulu lake anapanga interferometer yolondola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, yotchedwa interferometer. Hogan holometerzomwe ziyenera kutipatsa muyeso wolondola kwambiri wa zenizeni za nthawi ya mlengalenga. Kuyesera, kotchedwa Fermilab E-990, si chimodzi mwa zina zambiri. Cholinga chake ndi kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa danga lokha komanso kupezeka kwa zomwe asayansi amachitcha "phokoso la holographic". Holometer imakhala ndi ma interferometers awiri mbali ndi mbali omwe amatumiza matabwa a laser wa kilowati ku chipangizo chomwe chimawagawa kukhala matabwa awiri a perpendicular 40-mita. Amawonetseredwa ndikubwerera kumalo olekanitsa, kupanga kusinthasintha kwa kuwala kwa kuwala kwa kuwala. Ngati amayambitsa kusuntha kwina mu chipangizo chogawanitsa, izi zidzakhala umboni wa kugwedezeka kwa danga lokha.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro a physics ya quantum, zitha kuchitika popanda chifukwa. chiwerengero chilichonse cha chilengedwe. Twatela kwila mwenimu, ilaña wadiña nakukooleka kwakwikala nawumi wahaya nyaka. Kenako timakambirana dziko la anthropic. Kwa wokhulupirira, chilengedwe chimodzi cholengedwa ndi Mulungu ndi chokwanira. Malingaliro adziko okonda chuma samavomereza izi ndipo amalingalira kuti pali maiko ambiri kapena kuti chilengedwe chamakono ndi sitepe chabe mu chisinthiko chopanda malire cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Wolemba Baibulo lamakono Universe hypotheses ngati kayeseleledwe (lingaliro logwirizana la hologram) ndi theorist Niklas Bostrum. Limanena kuti zenizeni zomwe timaziwona ndizongoyerekeza zomwe sitikuzidziwa. Wasayansiyo ananena kuti ngati n'kotheka kupanga kayeseleledwe odalirika wa chitukuko chonse kapena chilengedwe chonse pogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta amphamvu mokwanira, ndipo anthu oyerekeza amatha kuzindikira, n'kutheka kuti padzakhala chiwerengero chachikulu cha zolengedwa zoterezi. . zoyerekeza zopangidwa ndi zitukuko zapamwamba - ndipo tikukhala mu imodzi mwazo, muzinthu zofananira ndi "Matrix".

Nthawi ilibe malire

Ndiye mwina ndi nthawi yoti muphwanye ma paradigms? Kutsutsa kwawo sikwachilendo kwenikweni m'mbiri ya sayansi ndi physics. Kupatula apo, zinali zotheka kusokoneza geocentrism, lingaliro la mlengalenga ngati gawo losagwira ntchito komanso nthawi yapadziko lonse lapansi, kuchokera ku chikhulupiliro chakuti Chilengedwecho chili chokhazikika, kuchokera ku chikhulupiriro cha nkhanza za kuyeza ...

paradigm wamba sadziwanso bwino, koma iyenso wafa. Erwin Schrödinger ndi ena opanga ma quantum mechanics adawona kuti asanayesedwe, chithunzi chathu, monga mphaka wotchuka woyikidwa m'bokosi, sichinakhalepo m'malo ena, kukhala polarized molunjika komanso mozungulira nthawi yomweyo. Kodi chingachitike n'chiyani ngati titayika zithunzi ziwiri zokhotakhota motalikirana kwambiri ndi kuona mmene zilili padera? Tsopano tikudziwa kuti ngati photon A ndi yopingasa, ndiye kuti photon B iyenera kukhala yozungulira, ngakhale titaiyika zaka biliyoni zapitazo. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono tisanayambe kuyeza, koma pambuyo potsegula limodzi la mabokosiwo, linalo "amadziwa" nthawi yomweyo kuti liyenera kutenga chiyani. Zimabwera pakulankhulana kodabwitsa komwe kumachitika kunja kwa nthawi ndi malo. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso chatsopano cha kukopeka, malowo sichotsimikizika, ndipo tinthu tating'ono timene timakhala opanda chiyembekezo, osanyalanyaza zambiri monga mtunda.

Popeza sayansi imachita ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana, bwanji siyenera kuphwanya malingaliro okhazikika omwe amapitilirabe m'maganizo a akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo ndipo amabwerezedwa m'magulu ofufuza? Mwinamwake idzakhala supersymmetry yomwe tatchulayi, mwinamwake chikhulupiriro cha kukhalapo kwa mphamvu zamdima ndi zinthu, kapena mwinamwake lingaliro la Big Bang ndi kukula kwa Chilengedwe?

Kufikira pano, lingaliro lofala lakhala lakuti thambo likufutukuka pamlingo wokulirakulirabe ndipo mwinamwake lidzapitirizabe kutero kosatha. Komabe, pali akatswiri ena a sayansi ya zakuthambo amene aona kuti chiphunzitso cha kufutukuka kosatha kwa chilengedwe, ndipo makamaka mfundo yake yakuti nthaŵi ilibe malire, ikupereka vuto poŵerengera kuthekera kwa chochitika. Asayansi ena amatsutsa kuti zaka 5 biliyoni zikubwerazi, nthawi idzatha chifukwa cha tsoka linalake.

physics Rafael Busso ochokera ku yunivesite ya California ndi anzake adasindikiza nkhani pa arXiv.org kufotokoza kuti m'chilengedwe chamuyaya, ngakhale zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri zidzachitika posachedwa - ndipo kuwonjezera apo, zidzachitika. nthawi zosawerengeka. Popeza kuti kuthekera kumatanthauzidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zochitika, n’zosamveka kunena kuti n’zotheka kukhalapo mpaka kalekale, popeza kuti chochitika chilichonse chidzachitika mofanana. “Kukwera kwamitengo kosatha kuli ndi zotulukapo zazikulu,” akulemba motero Busso. "Chochitika chilichonse chomwe sichingakhale ndi zero chidzachitika nthawi zambiri, nthawi zambiri kumadera akutali omwe sanakumanepo." Zimenezi zimapeputsa maziko a kulosera kothekera m’zoyesera zakumaloko: ngati chiŵerengero chosatha cha openyerera m’chilengedwe chonse chipambana lotale, ndiye pamaziko otani munganene kuti kupambana lotale n’kosatheka? Zoonadi, palinso ambiri osapambana, koma kodi alipo ambiri mwa iwo?

Njira imodzi yothetsera vutoli, akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo akufotokoza kuti, ndi kuganiza kuti nthawi idzatha. Ndiye padzakhala chiwerengero chochepa cha zochitika, ndipo zosayembekezereka zidzachitika mocheperapo kusiyana ndi zomwe zingatheke.

Mphindi "yodula" iyi imatanthawuza gulu la zochitika zina zololedwa. Choncho akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo anayesa kuŵerengera kuthekera kwakuti nthaŵi idzatha. Njira zisanu zomaliza nthawi zosiyanasiyana zimaperekedwa. Muzochitika ziwirizi, pali mwayi wa 50 peresenti kuti izi zichitike m'zaka 3,7 biliyoni. Ena awiriwa ali ndi mwayi wa 50% mkati mwa zaka 3,3 biliyoni. Yatsala ndi nthawi yochepa kwambiri pazochitika zachisanu (nthawi ya Planck). Ndi kuthekera kwakukulu, akhoza kukhala mu ... sekondi yotsatira.

Sizinagwire ntchito?

Mwamwayi, ziwerengerozi zimaneneratu kuti owonera ambiri ndi otchedwa Boltzmann Children, omwe amachokera ku chisokonezo cha kusinthasintha kwachulukidwe m'chilengedwe choyambirira. Chifukwa ambiri aife sititero, akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo atsutsa zimenezi.

"Malirewo akhoza kuwonedwa ngati chinthu chokhala ndi mawonekedwe a thupi, kuphatikizapo kutentha," olembawo analemba m'mapepala awo. "Tikakumana ndi kutha kwa nthawi, zinthu zifika pachimake cha thermodynamic pofika pachimake. Zimenezi n’zofanana ndi mmene nkhani ikugwera m’dzenje lakuda, lopangidwa ndi munthu wakunja.”

Cosmic inflation ndi multiverse

Lingaliro loyamba ndiloti Chilengedwe chikufutukuka kosalekezachomwe chiri chotsatira cha chiphunzitso chonse cha relativity ndipo chimatsimikiziridwa bwino ndi deta yoyesera. Lingaliro lachiwiri ndiloti mwayiwo umachokera pafupipafupi zochitika. Pomaliza, lingaliro lachitatu ndilakuti ngati nthawi ya mlengalenga ilibe malire, ndiye njira yokhayo yodziwira kuthekera kwa chochitika ndikuchepetsa chidwi chanu. kagawo kakang'ono kopanda malire kosiyanasiyana.

Kodi zidzamveka?

Zotsutsana za Smolin ndi Unger, zomwe zimapanga maziko a nkhaniyi, zikusonyeza kuti tikhoza kufufuza chilengedwe chathu moyesera, kukana lingaliro la mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pakali pano, kusanthula deta yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa ndi European Planck space telescope yavumbula kukhalapo kwa zolakwika zomwe zingasonyeze kugwirizana kwa nthawi yaitali pakati pa chilengedwe chathu ndi china. Motero, kungoona ndi kuyesa kumaloza ku chilengedwe china.

Zosokoneza zomwe zapezedwa ndi Planck Observatory

Akatswiri ena a sayansi ya sayansi tsopano akuganiza kuti ngati pali cholengedwa chotchedwa Multiverse, ndi chilengedwe chake chonse, chinakhalapo mu Big Bang imodzi, ndiye kuti zikanatheka pakati pawo. mikangano. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa gulu la Planck Observatory, kugunda kumeneku kudzakhala kofanana ndi kugunda kwa thovu ziwiri za sopo, ndikusiya mawonekedwe akunja kwa chilengedwe, zomwe zitha kulembedwa ngati zolakwika pakugawa ma radiation yaku microwave. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, zizindikiro zolembedwa ndi makina oonera zakuthambo a Planck zikuwoneka kuti zikusonyeza kuti mtundu wina wa Chilengedwe chomwe chili pafupi ndi ife ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi wathu, chifukwa kusiyana pakati pa chiwerengero cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono (baryons) ndi ma photons mmenemo chikhoza kukhala chachikulu kuwirikiza kakhumi kuposa " Pano". . Izi zingatanthauze kuti mfundo zazikulu zakuthupi zingakhale zosiyana ndi zimene timadziŵa.

Zizindikiro zomwe zapezeka zikutheka kuti zimachokera ku nthawi yoyambirira ya chilengedwe - chotchedwa recombinationpamene mapulotoni ndi ma elekitironi choyamba anayamba kuphatikiza pamodzi kupanga maatomu haidrojeni (kuthekera kwa chizindikiro kuchokera pafupi magwero ndi ca. 30%). Kukhalapo kwa zizindikirozi kungasonyeze kuwonjezereka kwa njira yophatikizananso pambuyo pa kugunda kwa Chilengedwe chathu ndi china, chokhala ndi kachulukidwe kake ka zinthu za baryoni.

M'mikhalidwe yomwe malingaliro otsutsana komanso ongopeka nthawi zambiri amawunjikana, asayansi ena amalephera kuleza mtima. Izi zikusonyezedwa ndi mawu amphamvu a Neil Turok wa ku bungwe la Perimeter Institute ku Waterloo, Canada, yemwe mu 2015 atafunsidwa ndi NewScientist, anakwiya kuti “sitikumvetsa zimene tikupezazo.” Ananenanso kuti: “Nthanthizo zikuchulukirachulukira komanso zovuta kwambiri. Timaponyera magawo otsatizana, miyeso ndi ma symmetries pavutoli, ngakhale ndi wrench, koma sitingathe kufotokozera mfundo zosavuta. Akatswiri ambiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo mwachionekere amanyansidwa ndi mfundo yakuti maulendo amaganizo a akatswiri amakono, monga kulingalira pamwambapo kapena chiphunzitso cha superstring, alibe chochita ndi zoyesera zomwe zikuchitika panopa m'ma laboratories, ndipo palibe umboni wakuti akhoza kuyesedwa. moyesera. .

Kodi ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo ndikofunikira kuti mutulukemo, monga adanenera Smolin ndi mnzake wanzeru? Kapena mwina tikulankhula za chisokonezo ndi chisokonezo pamaso pa mtundu wina wa zinthu zakale zomwe zitiyembekezera posachedwa?

Tikukupemphani kuti mudziwe bwino Mutu wa nkhaniyi mu.