Kodi magalimoto a hydrogen amapangidwa kuti
Yendani mu chomera chopangira hydrogen. Toyota Mirai
Ali pano. Kwenikweni. Amamwetulira mwaubwenzi komanso mwanjira yapachiyambi. Koma sakunena kalikonse. Akio Toyoda, tcheyamani wa board of director a Toyota, omwe pakadali pano ndiopanga magalimoto apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, samalankhula kawirikawiri. Zinthu zomwe kampaniyo imapanga ndizofunikira kwambiri kuposa mawu ndipo zimapereka zambiri pazithunzizo.
Momwe mungaphatikizire mawonekedwe ophiphiritsa ndi madzi omwe tikufuna, opindulitsa ndi ... hydrogen. Amati amakhala ndi zakumwa za khofi ndipo pano ndiwotchuka ku Japan. Komabe, tili okondwa kale ndikuti tili pa chomera cha Motomachi ku Toyota City, chomangidwa mu 1959 ndipo chili 40 km kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Nagoya. Pakadali pano, pano pakatikati pa Japan, nyengo imayamba pang'onopang'ono kuyandikira momwe kusambira kwa nthunzi, komanso mkati mwa kampani, komwe ndife alendo okoma mtima, anthu omwe ali ngati gulu lapadera lantchito yoganizira. Zinali pano kuti kuyambira kumapeto kwa 2010 mpaka 2014, makope 500 a Lexus LFA supercar, opangidwa ndi ma polima olimbikitsidwa ndi kaboni, adapangidwa, galimoto yamaloto ya mtsogoleri wa kampaniyo. Adatengapo gawo ndi mtundu wophunzitsidwa mwapadera pa liwiro la maola 24 ku Nurburgring.
Magalimoto kuyambira pano zen
Komabe, tsopano ndi china chosiyana ndipo chimatchedwa Mirai. Kupanga kwake kumachitika mwakachetechete, mumtundu wa Zen pakati pa fakitale yayikulu. Ogwira ntchito 50 amasonkhanitsa magalimoto 13 patsiku, kapena 250 pamwezi. Izi zimachitika ndi manja pamaofesi asanu ogwirira ntchito ndikuyamba ndi chikopa chojambulidwa. Otsatirawa amapangidwanso ku Motomachi, mchipinda china. Ngakhale guluu wamagalasi omwe ali ndi fungo linalake amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dzanja, chifukwa zingakhale zopanda phindu ku loboti. Ndipo kuti ogwira ntchito azitha kutulutsa minofu yawo, monga nthabwala ya oyang'anira a Mirai Yoshikatsu Tanaka. Amayang'ana mtsogolo mopanda nthabwala, ponena kuti m'zaka zisanu kampaniyo ipanga mayunitsi ochulukirapo kakhumi kuposa mtundu wa haidrojeni. Akuwonjezera kuti: "Pachifukwa ichi tigwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zopangira ndikupanga galimoto yatsopano." ali ndi ntchito yambiri.
Pafakitaleyo, pamakhala phokoso laulemu, losamveka bwino lomwe ndimayendedwe amagetsi a Bontempi, oyankhula osokonekera pang'ono. Maholide antchito? Ayi, osati tsopano, chifukwa pakadali pano galimoto imafika pa chomwe chimatchedwa "ukwati", nthawi yomwe njira yonse yamagetsi imagwirizanitsidwa ndi thupi. Amuna awiri amamubweretsa pansi pake mothandizidwa ndi ngolo yanja, kenako kuyika "mankhwala" onsewa, pamodzi ndi ma hydrocarter a hydrogen, kumakwezedwa mothandizidwa ndi thumba lamarata lofufuma.
Zipangizo zokwera mtengo
Zomwe zimalepheretsa msika wa Mirai sizongopanga ma hydrogen ndi zomangamanga zamagetsi ake, komanso kuti zida zamtengo wapatali komanso zosowa monga platinamu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga galimotoyo. Tikadziwa za izi, pali chisangalalo pang'ono, chifukwa tatsekereza njira yachilendo yonyamulira magawo ang'onoang'ono - ngolo yojambulidwa ndi udzu wobiriwira ndi woyera, yoyendetsedwa ndi Japan yemwe mwachiwonekere wodziwa zambiri, yemwe mnzakeyo adatola mosamala. pamwamba. . Ndipotu, lero tikudutsa njira kangapo ndikukumana naye. Pakadali pano, injini yamagetsi yokhazikika ya 154 hp ikufika kuti iyikidwe pansi pamalo ogwirira ntchito omwewo. Ndipo kuti ogwira ntchito asatuluke thukuta, zonyezimira za T-shirts zabuluu zotumbululuka zomwe zimatha kuwonedwa m'galimoto, mpweya wabwino woziziritsa umatumizidwa ku siteshoni iliyonse kudzera pa mapaipi apadera asiliva opindika.
Oposa theka la anthu omwe amagwira nawo ntchito pano adachita nawo ntchito ya LFA pomwe adapanga galimoto imodzi yotsika mtengo kwambiri yokhala ndi injini ya V10 yothamanga kwambiri mwachilengedwe. Mmodzi wa iwo ali pakhomo lolowera kunyumbayo, ndipo kumulemekeza komanso kunyadira kuti apanga makina odabwitsawa amawoneka pamaso pa ena. Ngakhale mfumukazi ndi mkazi wake, omwe amapita ku Motomachi, amalemekeza nyumba zapamwamba komanso zapamwamba, pomwe Akio Toyoda iyemwini amatsogolera.
Kukhazikika chonde
Masiku ano ku fakitale kulibe miyambo yotereyi, ndi tsiku logwira ntchito bwino. Choncho, tikhoza kuona zonse zomwe zimachitika mmenemo - mwachitsanzo, galimoto yonyamula magetsi yomwe imanyamula ziwalo kupita kuntchito. Galimoto yamagetsi ndiye tanthauzo lolondola, koma losakwanira chifukwa ndi galimoto yamafuta ngati Mirai. Pofika 2020, magalimoto onse 170 amayenera kukhala otero. Amatifotokozera kuti amakhala chete makamaka, chifukwa dalaivala ayenera kukhala wokhazikika kwambiri pantchito yake. Mulungu akuletseni kusuntha pulagi mwangozi ndikuwononga chinachake m'galimoto kapena m'madera ozungulira - chifukwa chilichonse chozungulira ndi chokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Mwina ndi nthawi yokumbukira kuti selo yamafuta ndi chipangizo chovuta kwambiri chomwe chimapanga mphamvu yamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe mpweya wochokera kumlengalenga umagwirizanitsa ndi haidrojeni popanda kukhalapo kwa kutentha kwakukulu. Mu Mirai, otchedwa mafuta cell phukusi lili pansi pa mipando yakutsogolo. Imayendetsedwa ndi akasinja awiri akuluakulu a haidrojeni - awiri omwe adzayikidwe pagalimoto yotsatira akuyesedwa kuti adutse kuti awone ngati adawonongeka panjira kuchokera kwa ogulitsa kupita kufakitale. Kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha cylindrical gulu ziwiya, amene ayenera kusunga haidrojeni pa kuthamanga 700 bala, iwo jekeseni helium pa kuthamanga 900 bala. Choncho, pakagwa kuphwanya, poipa kwambiri, wogwira ntchitoyo angayambe kulankhula ndi mawu osinthika, koma palibe ngozi ya zipangizo zowulukira mlengalenga. Monga lamulo, ndondomeko yomalizidwa pa malo aliwonse ogwirira ntchito imafuna chivomerezo pa piritsi lapadera, ndipo ngati pali vuto, thandizo likhoza kufunsidwa - lomwe ndilofanana ndi ndondomeko ya kupanga Toyota.
Chidwi, kulimbitsa thupi
Sitima yonyamula katunduyo ikubweranso, ndipo woyendetsa ndi mlonda akadali pantchito. Chinthu chimodzi chikuwonekeratu: kupanga kwa Mirai kukutha. M'badwo wotsatira udzakhazikitsidwa ndi dongosolo la Toyota TNGA modular, koma lipangidwa kumsonkhano wina ndipo, mwina, m'malo ena. Ndipo sizokayikitsa kukhala zophatikizika, chifukwa kuyendetsa kumafuna malo ambiri. Komabe, mamangidwe ake azikhala ogwira ntchito bwino ngati kapangidwe ka malo ndipo azilola kugwiritsa ntchito mipando isanu m'malo mwa anayi apano.
Woyendetsa samamvetsetsa chilichonse chokhudza matsenga onsewa. Galimoto yayitali mita 4,89 idadutsa mufakitoleyo ndikuima kwakanthawi kochepa. Titha kutumizanso ku tawuni yotchedwa Ecofuel Town ku Toyota City ntchito yachitukuko yomwe ikuwonetsa nyumba yamtsogolo.
Ndizo zonse tsopano. Atavala masuti, Akio akupitilira kuyimirira pakona osanena chilichonse. Ikuwoneka ngati buku lazithunzithunzi. Mwina chifukwa ndiwosangalatsa m'buku. Wopangidwa ndi makatoni, mita imodzi kutalika. Pangani! Madzi a haidrojeni.
Zolemba: Jens Drale
Chithunzi: Wolfgang Gröger-Mayer
Mirai ngati gulu ladzidzidzi
Magalimoto onse a Mirai ogulitsidwa ku Japan ali ndi malo ogulitsira magetsi m thunthu. Kutulutsa kwakukulu kwama kilowatts asanu ndi anayi kwachepetsedwa kukhala 4,5 kW kuchokera pa chosinthira cha 500 yen (000 euros). Chifukwa chake, galimoto yothiridwa ndi hydrogen imatha kupereka magetsi kwa banja wamba kwa sabata limodzi ndikumwa pafupifupi 3800 kW. Chifukwa chiyani zonsezi zikufunika? Ku Japan, kumene zivomezi zimachitika kawirikawiri, kuzimazima kwa maola ambiri sikulakwa. M'mavuto otere, Mirai amakhala wopanga wothandizira, yemwe, amafunikira kukonza pang'ono. Sizikudziwika ngati gululi lidzagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsidya kwa nyanja.
