Gasoil. Mafuta awa ndi chiyani?
Zamkatimu
Mafuta a gasi, omwe nthawi zina amatchedwa "dizilo yofiira", ndi mtundu wamafuta amagalimoto. Ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ngati chigawo cha mafuta a dizilo wamba (mpaka 20%), ndipo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito mumakampani a petrochemical ngati chinthu chapakatikati cha hydrocarbon catalytic cracking process. Zikuoneka kuti mafuta gasi makamaka chowonjezera kapena theka-amamaliza mankhwala?
Thupi ndi mankhwala katundu wa gasi mafuta
Mu kuyenga mafuta m'nyumba chifukwa mafuta gasi ayenera kutsatira luso luso GOST R 52755-2007, ndipo si paokha, koma gulu mafuta, amene analandira mwa kusakaniza condensates mpweya kapena mafuta. Mafuta oterowo amalimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera.
GOST imatchula magawo otsatirawa amafuta a gasi:
- Kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwakunja 15°C, t/m3 750, 1000… XNUMX, XNUMX.
- Kinematic viscosity pa 50°C, mm2/s, osati apamwamba - 200.
- Kutentha kwamphamvu, °C - 270 ... 500.
- Zomwe zili mu sulfure mankhwala omalizidwa,% - mpaka 20.
- Nambala ya asidi, malinga ndi KOH - mpaka 4.
- Kukhalapo kwa zonyansa zamakina,% - mpaka 10;
- Kukhalapo kwa madzi,% - mpaka 5.
Palibenso mikhalidwe ina pamiyezo iyi yokhudzana ndi mafuta a gasi, ndipo nthawi yayitali ya data imatilola kunena kuti, kwenikweni, mafuta a gasi samayimira gulu lofunikira la ma hydrocarbon, koma amagawidwa m'magulu angapo. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu yamafuta agasi - mafuta am'mlengalenga (kapena kuwala) ndi vacuum gasi (kapena olemera).
Thupi katundu wa mumlengalenga gasi mafuta
Mtundu uwu wa hydrocarbon umapezeka mumlengalenga (kapena kumtunda pang'ono, mpaka 15 kPa) kuthamanga, pamene tizigawo ta kutentha kwa 270 mpaka 360.°C.
Mafuta agasi owala amakhala ndi madzi ochulukirapo, otsika kwambiri, ndipo m'malo ochulukirapo amatha kukhala ngati chowonjezera. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri phindu la mtundu uwu wa mafuta a gasi monga mafuta a galimoto, kotero ena ogulitsa mafuta amagulitsa osati mafuta a gasi opepuka, koma condensate yake, yomwe kwenikweni imakhala yonyansa yopangidwa ndi petrochemical mosalekeza.
Mafuta a gasi am'mlengalenga amatha kusiyanitsa ndi mtundu wake - mwina ndi wachikasu kapena wachikasu wobiriwira. Kukayika kwa mawonekedwe amafuta a gasi, komwe kwaperekedwa m'ndime yapitayi, kukuwonetsanso kusakhazikika kwamafuta amtunduwu, komwe kumakulitsidwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni makamaka sulfure, yomwe imawononga injini.
Thupi katundu vacuum gasi mafuta
Mafuta ochuluka a gasi amawira pa kutentha kwakukulu, mumtundu wa 350…560°C, ndipo pansi pa vacuum mkati mwa chotengera chothandizira. Kukhuthala kwake ndikokwera, chifukwa chake, kung'anima kumawonjezeka molingana (mpaka 120 ... 150).°C) ndi kukhuthala kwa kutentha, m'malo mwake, kumachepa, ndipo sikudutsa -22 ... -30°C. Mtundu wa mafuta a gasi otere ndi wachikasu pang'ono, ndipo nthawi zina pafupifupi wowonekera.
Ngakhale kuti mawonekedwe akunja ogula mafuta olemera a gasi ali pafupi kwambiri ndi mafuta a dizilo ofanana, sali okhazikika, ndipo amadalira kwambiri zinthu zakunja. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi njira zopangira mafuta omwe amapangidwa kuti apeze mafuta a gasi. Chifukwa chake, pokhala gawo lapakati la njira zamakina zoyenga mafuta, sizingakhale ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta gasi
Monga mtundu wodziyimira pawokha wamafuta amagalimoto, mafuta amafuta saloledwa. Komabe, imagwira ntchito m'magawo otsatirawa azachuma:
- Zida zopangira ng'anjo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsera nyumba zogona komanso mafakitale.
- Sitima zapamadzi ndi zam'madzi zokhala ndi injini za dizilo zamphamvu zochepa.
- Majenereta a dizilo.
- Makina opangira zaulimi kapena misewu, kuchokera ku makina otchetcha udzu ndi zowumitsira tirigu kupita ku zokumba ndi kupukuta.
Nthawi zambiri, mafuta a gasi amalimbikitsidwa ngati mafuta osungira zipatala, malo opangira data ndi mabungwe ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta amafuta amadzimadzi. Izi sizikufotokozedwa mochuluka ndi mtengo wa mafuta a gasi monga mafuta, koma ndi kutsika mtengo kwake.
Mafuta a gasi ndi dizilo: kusiyana
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mfundo yakuti palibe mafuta a gasi omwe angayankhidwe ngati mafuta a dizilo a galimoto: amawononga kwambiri magawo osuntha a injini, chifukwa chake kukhazikika kwa ma torque kumatsika, ndikugwiritsa ntchito " mafuta" amawonjezeka kwambiri. Koma kwa ma drive amphamvu ocheperako (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokweza ndi kunyamula zida, kuphatikiza, mathirakitala, ndi zina), kusakhazikika kwamafuta amafuta amafuta sikuli kofunikira kwenikweni, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito injini za zida zotere ndi zazifupi. nthawi.
Lingaliro la "dizilo wofiira", wofala kwambiri kunja, amatanthauza kokha kuwonjezera utoto wapadera ku mafuta a gasi. Izi zimathandiza kutsata omwe amagawa mafuta osakhulupirika, chifukwa kusintha kwamtundu kotereku, komwe kumapezeka pamalo opangira mafuta, kumaphatikizapo chindapusa chachikulu.
Mafuta a gasi ndi mafuta a dizilo amakhala ofanana, choncho ndi bwino kunena kuti kuchokera pamenepa, mafuta a gasi ndi mafuta a dizilo ofiira. Zomwe zingawononge kwambiri galimoto yanu.
