Zonyamula gasi, ndichifukwa chake methane ndi yotchuka kwambiri

Kupereka gasi i galimoto zikuchulukirachulukirachulukira: deta yogulitsa ya methane yolemera, yonse yamafuta ndi yamadzimadzi, kuyambira 2018 mpaka 2019 pakukula kwakukulu, mosiyana ndi zomwe zimajambulidwa ndi media zomwe zimaperekedwa dizilo... Koma chifukwa chiyani?

Kupereka kwa methane, zonse za gasi ndi zamadzimadzi, zikuyenda bwino kwambiri chifukwa zimayankha bwino kwambiri zosowa ziwiri, kumbali imodzi, kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito ndi kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe ndi zonyamula katundu.

Kutsika mtengo pa kilomita imodzi ndi mzimu wobiriwira

Poyamba, pamtunda womwewo kg imodzi Methane yamadzi kapena mpweya imawononga mpaka 50 cent ochepera lita mafuta a dizilo, osavuta pakadali pano akadali ochepa ndi kukwera mtengo kwa magalimoto amafuta. M'malo mwake, ali ndi mndandanda wamtengo wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa mitundu ya dizilo yokhala ndi mphamvu zomwezo, komanso kuwirikiza kawiri pamitundu yokhala ndi LPG kapena Chithunzi cha SPG, chifukwa chapadera matanki a cryogenicchofunika kusunga madzi methane pa otsika kutentha ndi mavuto.

Komabe, ndalamazo zinabwezeredwa kudzilamulira kwakukulu zomwe, nazonso, zimatha kuwirikiza kawiri poyerekeza ndi methane yosungidwa mu mawonekedwe a mpweya, kufika pa 1.600 km. Malinga ndi chilengedwe, umboni wonse ukugwirizana ndi injini za gasi; Kutulutsa kwa CO2 kumachepetsedwa ndi 15% (ndi psoson odominuire kachiwiri ngati bio methane kuchokera ku magwero ongowonjezwdwa) ma nitrogen oxides amagwera ku 60% ndipo pamene ma sulfure oxides ndi fumbi labwino amachotsedwa del tuto (99%).

Quadrature… kuzungulira

Ngakhale ponena za ntchito, kufananitsa kumakhalabe koona: mosiyana ndi gawo zamagalimotokomwe kutembenuka kukhala methane nthawi zonse kumakhala ndi cholinga chachuma chogwirizana ndi kusinthana kwa magwiridwe antchito, ndithudi modzichepetsa, pa magalimoto ngakhale makhalidwe gasi ndi apamwamba kwambiri mpikisano.

Chifukwa chagona mtundu wa injini zogwiritsidwa ntchito: pamagalimoto okwera, kutembenuka kwa mayunitsi a petulo kukhala compression chiŵerengero ndikwabwino pansipa yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ntchito zazing'ono ndi anti-kugogoda luso (ndi nambala ya octane yoposa 30% poyerekeza ndi petulo) methane. Makhalidwe omwe amapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu ya injini a Dizilo kuzungulirazomwe zilibe ntchito pamagalimoto (omwe anali ndi ndalama zokwanira dizilo), koma zomwe lero zimapeza malo abwino kwambiri cholemera. 

Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kumalolanso kudalirika, tsopano ikufanana ndi dizilo, pakapita nthawi ntchito ma analogi omwe phokoso laling'ono lawonjezeredwa, phindu kwa dalaivala ndi chilengedwe, zomwe zimalola kugwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo za methane mu mayendedwe akutawuni ngakhale usiku.

Mtsogoleri wa Iveco, aku Sweden akuyenda

Za lero basi omanga ena adavomereza chifukwa chakutulukira kwa methane yamadzimadzi m'magalimoto: Malori a Iveco, Scania ndi Volvo, makamaka, ali ndi mitundu yambiri yamadzimadzi olemera kapena methane yamagetsi pamndandanda wawo. Iveco makamaka masika 2019 (ndipo ndi zolimbikitsa za eco zomwe adapereka kale 20.000 Euro pogula LNG yolemera) yoyimira85% malonda. Zimphona zina monga Mercedes, zomwe zimayika mphamvu zake pamagetsi, m'malo mwake zimakhutitsidwa ndi zosankha zina monga Econic NGT yopangidwa kuti itole zinyalala.