Frida Kahlo ndi wojambula yemwe adasintha chikhalidwe cha pop.

Nkhope yomangika ndi ululu, tsitsi labuluu-lakuda lolukidwa ngati nkhata, nsidze zosakanikirana. Kuwonjezera apo, mizere yolimba, mitundu yowonetseratu, zovala zokongola ndi zomera, zinyama zakumbuyo. Mwina mumadziwa zithunzi za Frida ndi zojambula zake. Kuphatikiza pa ziwonetsero ndi mawonetsero, chithunzi cha wojambula wotchuka wa ku Mexico akhoza kupezeka pazithunzi, t-shirts ndi matumba. Ojambula ena amalankhula za Kahlo, kuimba ndi kulemba za iye. Chochitika chake ndi chiyani? Kuti timvetse izi, m'pofunika kudziwa nkhani zodabwitsa zimene moyo wake wokha anajambula.

Mexico ikupita naye bwino

Iye anabadwa mu 1907. Komabe, atalankhula za iye mwini, adatcha 1910 tsiku lake lobadwa. Sizinali za kutsitsimuka, koma za tsiku lachikumbutso. Chikumbutso cha Revolution ya Mexican, chomwe Frida adadziwika nacho. Ankafunanso kutsindika kuti iye ndi mbadwa ya ku Mexico komanso kuti dziko lino lili pafupi naye. Anavala zovala zachikale ndipo chinali chovala chake chatsiku ndi tsiku - chokongola, chachikhalidwe, chokhala ndi madiresi amtundu ndi masiketi. Iye anaima mosiyana ndi khamulo. Anali mbalame yowala, ngati zinkhwe zake zokondedwa. Nthawi zonse ankadzizungulira ndi zinyama ndipo iwo, monga zomera, nthawi zambiri ankawoneka muzojambula zake. Ndiye anayamba bwanji kujambula?

Moyo wodziwika ndi zowawa

Anali ndi matenda kuyambira ali mwana. Ali ndi zaka 6, anamupeza ndi matenda a poliyo. Iye ankalimbana ndi ululu m’miyendo yake, anatsimphina, koma anali wamphamvu nthaŵi zonse. Ankasewera mpira, nkhonya komanso masewera ambiri omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi amuna. Kwa iye, panalibe kulekana koteroko. Amaonedwa ngati wojambula wachikazi yemwe adawonetsa pa sitepe iliyonse kuti palibe chomwe sichingachitike kwa iye ngati mkazi.

Sanathe mphamvu zankhondo pambuyo pa ngozi yomwe adakumana nayo ali wachinyamata. Kenako, mwanzeru za nthawi imeneyo, mabasi amatabwa adawonekera m'dziko lake. Wojambula wathu wam'tsogolo anali kuyendetsa imodzi mwa iwo pamene ngoziyo inachitika. Galimotoyo inagundana ndi tram. Frida anavulala kwambiri, thupi lake linalasidwa ndi ndodo yachitsulo. Sanapatsidwe mwayi wokhala ndi moyo. Msana unathyoledwa m'malo angapo, collarbone ndi nthiti zinathyoledwa, phazi linaphwanyidwa ... Anachitidwa maopaleshoni 35, adagona mopanda mphamvu kwa nthawi yaitali - onse mu chipatala - m'chipatala. Makolo ake anaganiza zomuthandiza - kupha kunyong'onyeka ndi kusokoneza kuvutika. Ali ndi zolembera. Chilichonse chimagwirizana ndi malo ake onama. Pempho la amayi ake, magalasi adayikidwanso padenga kuti Frida ayang'ane ndikudzikoka atagona (iyenso adajambula pulasitala). Chifukwa chake chidwi chake pambuyo pake chodzijambula yekha, chomwe adachidziwa bwino. Apa m'pamene anazindikira kuti amakonda kujambula. Anaona chikondi chake pa luso kuyambira ali wamng'ono, pamene anapita ndi abambo ake, Count, ku labotale ya zithunzi, kumuthandiza kupanga zithunzi zomwe ankaziwona mosangalala kwambiri. Komabe, kupanga zithunzi kunakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.

Njovu ndi nkhunda

Atakhala m’chipatala kwa miyezi yambiri, ndipo atalandira chithandizo chotalikirapo, Frida anayambiranso. Maburashiwo anakhala chinthu chosatha m'manja mwake. Kupenta inali ntchito yake yatsopano. Anasiya maphunziro ake azachipatala, omwe adatenga kale, zomwe zinali zenizeni kwa mkazi, chifukwa makamaka amuna amaphunzira ndikugwira ntchito m'makampani awa. Komabe, mzimu waluso unadzipangitsa kumva ndipo panalibe kubwerera. Patapita nthawi, Kahlo anaganiza zofufuza ngati zojambula zake zinali zabwino kwenikweni. Adatembenukira kwa wojambula wakuderalo Diego Riviera, yemwe adamuwonetsa ntchito yake. Wojambula wamkulu kwambiri, wodziwa zambiri, adakondwera ndi zojambulazo komanso wolemba wawo wamng'ono, wolimba mtima. Anagwirizananso ndi maganizo a ndale, kukonda moyo wa anthu komanso kumasuka. Otsatirawo amatanthauza kuti okondawo adatsogolera moyo wamphamvu kwambiri, wokonda kwambiri, komanso wamphepo, wodzaza ndi chikondi, mikangano ndi nsanje. Riviera anali wotchuka chifukwa chakuti pamene ankajambula akazi (makamaka amaliseche), adayenera kuzindikira bwino chitsanzo chake ... Iwo amanena kuti Frida adamunyengerera ndi amuna ndi akazi. Diego sanayang'anire zamtsogolo, koma chibwenzi cha Frida ndi Leon Trotsky chinali chopweteka kwambiri kwa iye. Ngakhale kukwera ndi kutsika komanso momwe ena amawaonera (iwo adanena kuti anali ngati nkhunda - yofewa, yaying'ono, ndipo anali ngati njovu - yaikulu ndi yakale), adakwatirana ndikugwira ntchito limodzi. Amamukonda kwambiri ndipo anali nyumba yake yosungiramo zinthu zakale.

Luso la Zomverera

Chikondi chinabweretseranso wojambulayo masautso ambiri. Iye sanathe kubereka mwana wa maloto ake, chifukwa thupi lake, lowonongedwa ndi ngoziyo, silinamulole kutero. Pambuyo mmodzi wa padera, iye anatsanulira ululu wake pa chinsalu - kupanga wotchuka kujambula "Henry Ford Hospital". Muzolemba zina zambiri, adauziridwa ndi nkhani zochititsa chidwi zonse za moyo wake (chithunzi "Basi"), komanso mbiri ya Mexico ndi anthu ake ("Mikwingwirima Yaing'ono").

Sizinali zophweka kukhala ndi mwamuna, wojambula - mzimu waulere. Kumbali imodzi, idatsegula chitseko cha dziko lalikulu lazojambula. Anayenda pamodzi, kupanga mabwenzi ndi ojambula otchuka (Picasso adayamikira luso la Frida), adakonza ziwonetsero zawo m'mabwalo akuluakulu osungiramo zinthu zakale (Louvre adagula ntchito yake "Frama" ndipo inali chithunzi choyamba cha Mexican ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Paris), koma Komano Dzanja la Diego linamupweteka kwambiri Anamunyengerera ndi mlongo wake wamng'ono. Frida adamira chisoni chake mu mowa, mu chikondi chosakhalitsa ndipo adalenga zithunzi zaumwini (kuphatikizapo chithunzi chodziwika bwino cha "Fridas Awiri" - kunena za misozi yake yauzimu). Anaganizanso zothetsa banja.

Chikondi kumanda

Patapita zaka, osatha kukhala popanda wina ndi mzake, Diego ndi Kahlo anakwatira kachiwiri. Ubale udali wovuta, koma mu 1954, wojambulayo atadwala ndikumva imfa yake, adagwirizana kwambiri. Sizikudziwika ngati anafa ndi chibayo (ichi ndi Baibulo lovomerezeka) kapena ngati mwamuna wake anathandiza (pa pempho la mkazi wake) kuchepetsa kuvutika kwake mwa kubaya mlingo waukulu wa mankhwala. Kapena kunali kudzipha? Pambuyo pake, palibe autopsy yomwe idachitidwa, palibe amene adafufuza chifukwa chake.

Chiwonetsero chophatikizana cha Frida ndi Diego chidakonzedwa pambuyo pakufa kwa nthawi yoyamba. Rivera ndiye anazindikira kuti Kahlo anali chikondi chake cha moyo wonse. Nyumba ya wojambula wotchedwa La Casa Azul (nyumba ya buluu) mumzinda wa Coyacan, kumene iye anabadwira, inakhazikitsidwa ngati nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Magalasi ochulukirachulukira adafuna ntchito ya Frida. Njira yomwe adajambula idalengezedwa ngati zenizeni zaku Mexico. Dzikoli lidayamikira chidwi chake chokonda dziko lako, kukwezeleza chikhalidwe cha komweko, ndipo dziko lidafuna kudziwa zambiri za mayi wamphamvu, waluso komanso wodabwitsa uyu.

Frida Kahlo - zithunzi za chikhalidwe cha pop

Ngakhale m’nthaŵi ya moyo wa Fried, pakati pa ena, zikuto ziŵiri za m’magazini otchuka a Vouge, kumene nyenyezi zazikulu zachikhalidwe zimawonekerabe. Mu 1937, iye anali ndi gawo mu kope American, ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri mu French (mokhudzana ndi kufika kwake m'dziko lino ndi maonekedwe a ntchito mu Louvre). Zachidziwikire, pachikuto, Kahlo adawoneka atavala zovala zokongola zaku Mexico, ali ndi maluwa pamutu pake komanso zodzikongoletsera zagolide zonyezimira.

Pambuyo pa imfa yake, pamene aliyense anayamba kulankhula za Frida, ntchito yake inayamba kulimbikitsa ojambula ena. Mu 1983, filimu yoyamba ya wojambula wotchedwa "Frida, Natural Life" inachitika ku Mexico, yomwe inali yopambana kwambiri ndipo inachititsa chidwi kwambiri pa mutuwo. Ku US, opera idapangidwa mu 1991 yotchedwa "Frida" yokonzedwa ndi Robert Xavier Rodriguez. Mu 1994, woimba waku America James Newton adatulutsa chimbale chotchedwa Suite for Frida Kahlo. Kumbali inayi, chojambula cha wojambula "Broken Column" (kutanthauza corset ndi zouma zomwe wojambulayo ankayenera kuvala pambuyo pa ngozi) adalimbikitsa Jean Paul Gaultier kuti apange chovala cha Mila Jovovich mu Fifth Element.

Mu 2001, chithunzi cha Frida chinawonekera pa masitampu a US. Patatha chaka chimodzi, filimu yotchuka yotchedwa "Frida" inatulutsidwa, kumene Salma Hayek adagwira ntchito yaikulu ndi bravado. Mbiri yakale iyi idawonetsedwa ndikuyamikiridwa padziko lonse lapansi. Omvera adakhudzidwa ndi tsogolo la wojambulayo ndipo adasilira zojambula zake. Komanso, oimba ochokera ku gulu la British Coldplay, mouziridwa ndi chifaniziro cha Frida Kahlo, adapanga nyimbo ya "Viva la Vida", yomwe inakhala imodzi mwazolemba za "Viva la Vida, kapena Imfa ndi anzake onse." Ku Poland, mu 2017, sewero loyamba la sewero la Jakub Przebindowski lotchedwa "Frida. Moyo, Art, Revolution ".

Chojambula cha Frida chasiya chizindikiro osati chikhalidwe chokha. Pa Julayi 6, 2010, tsiku lobadwa la wojambulayo, Google adaluka chithunzi cha Frida mu logo yawo kuti alemekeze kukumbukira kwake ndikusintha mawonekedwe ake kukhala ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a wojambulayo. Apa ndipamene Bank of Mexico idapereka noti ya peso 500 ndi mbali yake yakutsogolo. Makhalidwe a Frida adawonekera ngakhale mu nthano ya ana "Coco".

Nkhani zake zafotokozedwa m'mabuku ambiri komanso mbiri yakale. Masitayelo aku Mexico nawonso adayamba kuwoneka ngati zovala zamasewera, ndipo zojambula za wojambulayo zidakhala mawonekedwe azithunzi, zida zamagetsi ndi zokongoletsa kunyumba. Ndizosavuta komanso umunthu wa Frida ukadali wosangalatsa komanso wosiririka, ndipo mawonekedwe ake apachiyambi ndi zaluso zikadali zofunikira. Ndicho chifukwa chake kuli koyenera kuwona momwe zonse zinayambira, kuona kuti izi siziri mafashoni okha, kujambula, komanso chithunzi chenicheni ndi heroine.

Kodi mumakonda bwanji zojambula za Frida? Kodi mudawonera makanema kapena kuwerenga mbiri ya Kahlo?