Kodi frigates ndi abwino kwa chilichonse?

Frigate yokhala ndi zida zokwanira komanso yokhala ndi zida ingakhale yofunikira, gawo loyenda m'dziko lathu lolumikizana ndi chitetezo chamlengalenga. Tsoka ilo, ku Poland, lingaliro ili silinamvetsetsedwe ndi ochita zisankho andale omwe adasankha kugula malo okhazikika, osasunthika omwe amagwira ntchito m'magulu. Ndipo komabe zombo zotere zingagwiritsidwe ntchito osati kulimbana ndi zolinga zamlengalenga panthawi ya mkangano - ndithudi, poganiza kuti ntchito yankhondo ya Navy, yomwe imateteza kuteteza gawo lathu ku ziwawa za m'nyanja, sikuti ndi raison d'être yokhayo. . Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa ndege yolimbana ndi ndege ya De Zeven Provinciën LCF yamtundu wa Dutch ndikulamula frigate kuwombera mfuti ya SM-2 Block IIIA yapakatikati yolimbana ndi ndege.

Ma frigates pakadali pano ndiwofala kwambiri ku NATO, komanso padziko lonse lapansi, gulu la zombo zapakatikati zolimbana ndi zolinga zingapo. Amayendetsedwa ndi pafupifupi maiko onse a North Atlantic Alliance ndi apanyanja, komanso ambiri ankhondo apamadzi a mayiko ena. Kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti iwo ndi “abwino pa chilichonse”? Palibe mayankho angwiro onse. Komabe, zomwe frigates amapereka masiku ano zimalola asilikali apanyanja, nthawi zambiri, kuchita ntchito zofunika zomwe maboma a mayiko ena amawaika patsogolo pawo. Mfundo yakuti yankho ili pafupi ndi lomwe liri lofunika kwambiri likutsimikiziridwa ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha ogwiritsa ntchito.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji ma frigate ali gulu lotchuka kwambiri la zombo zankhondo padziko lonse lapansi? N'zovuta kupeza yankho losavuta. Izi zikugwirizana ndi zovuta zingapo zaukadaulo ndiukadaulo zomwe zimagwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi ngati dziko la Poland, komanso Germany kapena Canada.

Ndiwo njira yabwino yothetsera ubale wa "mtengo-effect". Amatha kugwira ntchito m'madzi akutali okha kapena m'magulu a sitima zapamadzi, ndipo chifukwa cha kukula kwawo ndi kusamuka kwawo, amatha kukhala ndi zida ndi zida zosiyanasiyana - mwachitsanzo, njira yomenyera nkhondo - yolola kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Zina mwazo ndi: kumenyana ndi mpweya, pamwamba, pansi pa madzi ndi nthaka. Pankhani yotsirizirayi, sitikulankhula za kumenya mipherezero ndi zida zankhondo za mbiya, komanso za kugunda ndi mizinga yapamadzi pa zinthu zomwe zili ndi malo odziwika ku hinterland. Kuphatikiza apo, ma frigates, makamaka omwe adapangidwa zaka zaposachedwa, amatha kuchita ntchito zosamenya nkhondo. Ndi kuthandiza ntchito zothandiza anthu kapena apolisi kuti azitsatira malamulo panyanja.

Germany sikuchedwa. Ma frigates amtundu wa F125 akulowetsedwa muutumiki wapaulendo, ndipo tsogolo la mtundu wotsatira, MKS180, lili kale pamlingo. Mawu oti "nkhondo zankhondo zambiri" mwina ndi chivundikiro chandale chogulira mayunitsi angapo, kusamutsidwa komwe kumatha kufika matani 9000. Izi sizilinso ma frigates, koma owononga, kapena lingaliro la olemera. M'mikhalidwe ya ku Poland, zombo zazing'ono kwambiri zimatha kusintha nkhope ya Navy ya ku Poland, motero ndondomeko yathu ya panyanja.

Nkhani za kukula

Chifukwa cha kudziyimira pawokha kwakukulu, ma frigates amatha kugwira ntchito zawo kwa nthawi yayitali kutali ndi nyumba zawo, komanso samakumana ndi zovuta za hydrometeorological. Izi ndizofunikira m'madzi onse, kuphatikiza Nyanja ya Baltic. Olemba a nkhani za utolankhani kuti nyanja yathu ndi "dziwe" komanso kuti sitima yabwino kwambiri yogwirira ntchito pa iyo ndi helikopita, ndithudi sanathe mphindi imodzi mu Nyanja ya Baltic. Tsoka ilo, malingaliro awo ali ndi chiwopsezo choyipa pazigawo zopangira zisankho zomwe zidayambitsa kugwa kwaposachedwa, kochititsa chidwi kwa Gulu Lankhondo Lankhondo la ku Poland.

Kuwunika komwe kunachitika m'maiko angapo, kuphatikiza dera lathu, kukuwonetsa kuti zombo zokhazo zomwe zimasamutsidwa matani opitilira 3500 - mwachitsanzo, ma frigates - zitha kukhala ndi masensa oyenera komanso othandizira, kulola kuti ntchito zomwe zapatsidwa zitheke, pomwe kukhalabe ndi kuyenda koyenera komanso kusinthika kwamakono. Izi zidafika ngakhale ku Finland kapena Sweden, komwe kumadziwika ndi kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi zothamangitsidwa - othamangitsa rocket ndi ma corvettes. Helsinki yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yake ya Laivue 2020, zomwe zipangitsa kuti ma frigates opepuka a Pohjanmaa asunthike pafupifupi kukula kwa Nyanja ya Baltic ndi gombe lapafupi ndi skerries. Mwinanso adzachita nawo ntchito zapadziko lonse kunja kwa nyanja yathu, zomwe sitima zapamadzi za Merivoimatu sizikanatha. Stockholm ikukonzekeranso kugula mayunitsi akuluakulu kuposa ma Visby corvettes amasiku ano, omwe, ngakhale amakono, amasalidwa ndi zolepheretsa zingapo chifukwa cha kusakwanira, gulu laling'ono lodzaza ndi ntchito, kudziyimira pawokha, kutsika kwapanyanja, kusowa kwa helikopita. kapena anti-ndege missile system, etc.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti opanga zombo zotsogola amapereka ma corvettes amitundu yambiri ndi kusamuka kwa 1500 ÷ 2500 t, okhala ndi zida zosunthika, koma kupatula zophophonya zomwe tazitchulazi chifukwa cha kukula kwawo, amakhalanso ndi kuthekera kocheperako. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti muzochitika zamakono, ngakhale mayiko olemera amatenga moyo wautumiki wa zombo za kukula ndi mtengo wa frigate kwa zaka 30 kapena kuposa. Panthawiyi, padzakhala kofunikira kuti azitha kusintha kuti apitirizebe kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira pazochitika zenizeni, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha pamene mapangidwe a sitimayo amapereka malo osungiramo anthu kuyambira pachiyambi.

Frigates ndi ndale

Ubwinowu umalola ma frigates a mamembala a European NATO kutenga nawo gawo pazochita zanthawi yayitali kumadera akutali adziko lapansi, monga kuthandizira zoyesayesa zapadziko lonse lapansi zolimbana ndi piracy m'madzi a Indian Ocean, kapena kukumana ndi ziwopsezo zina pamalonda apanyanja ndi njira zolumikizirana.

Ndondomekoyi inali maziko a kusintha kwa magulu ankhondo apanyanja monga zombo zapafupi za Denmark kapena Federal Republic of Germany. Yoyamba zaka khumi ndi ziwiri zapitazo, ponena za zida, inali ya Cold War Navy yokhala ndi zombo zingapo zazing'ono komanso zacholinga chimodzi - othamangitsa rocket ndi torpedo, oyendetsa migodi ndi sitima zapamadzi. Kusintha kwa ndale komanso kusintha kwa Gulu Lankhondo la Ufumu wa Denmark nthawi yomweyo kunadzudzula zoposa 30 za zigawozi kuti zisakhalepo. Ngakhale mphamvu za pansi pa madzi zathetsedwa! Masiku ano, m'malo mwa zombo zambiri zosafunikira, pachimake cha Søværnet chili ndi ma frigate atatu a Iver Huitfeldt ndi zombo ziwiri zopangira zinthu zambiri, ma frigates a gulu la Absaloni, omwe amagwira ntchito pafupipafupi, pakati pa ena. mu mishoni ku Indian Ocean ndi Persian Gulf. Ajeremani, pazifukwa zomwezo, adamanga frigates yotsutsana kwambiri ya "expeditionary" ya mtundu wa F125 Baden-Württemberg. Izi ndi zazikulu - zosamuka pafupifupi matani 7200 - zombo zopangidwira kuti zizigwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kutali ndi zoyambira, zokhala ndi zida zomangira zombo zochepa. Kodi nchiyani chimauza oyandikana nawo a Baltic kutumiza zombo "kumapeto kwa dziko"?

Kukhudzidwa kwa chitetezo cha malonda kumakhudza kwambiri momwe chuma chawo chilili. Kudalira mayendedwe a zopangira ndi zotsika mtengo zomalizidwa ku Asia n'kofunika kwambiri moti ankaona kusintha zombo, kumanga frigates latsopano ndi khama gulu kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha malonda mayiko monga kulungamitsidwa, ngakhale ayenera kuvomereza kuti iwo. malo ogwirira ntchito ankhondo apanyanja ndi akulu kuposa momwe zilili ndi dziko lathu.

M'nkhaniyi, Poland ikupereka chitsanzo chodziwika bwino, chomwe chuma chake chikutukuka sichidalira kokha kunyamula katundu panyanja, komanso - ndipo mwinamwake pamwamba pa zonse - pa kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu zamagetsi. Mgwirizano wanthawi yayitali ndi Qatar wopereka gasi wokhala ndi liquefied kumalo okwerera gasi ku Świnoujście kapena kutumiza mafuta osapsa kupita nawo ku terminal ku Gdańsk ndiwofunikira kwambiri. Chitetezo chawo panyanja chikhoza kutsimikiziridwa ndi zombo zazikulu zokwanira zokhala ndi antchito ophunzitsidwa bwino. Mivi yamakono ya Naval Missile Unit, kapena Hurricane Missile Unit ya matani 350, sichidzachita. Zowonadi, Nyanja ya Baltic si nyanja yodziwika bwino, koma ndi gawo lofunikira pazachuma chapadziko lonse lapansi. Monga ziwerengero zikuwonetsa, zimatengera imodzi mwazombo zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa chomwe kulumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa People's Republic of China komanso, mwachitsanzo, Poland (kudzera pa chotengera cha DCT ku Gdańsk) ndizotheka. Powerengera, zombo masauzande angapo zimayenda pamenepo tsiku lililonse. N'zovuta kunena kuti ndi chifukwa chiyani mutu wofunikirawu ukusowa pazokambirana za chitetezo cha dziko lathu - mwinamwake zimayambitsidwa ndi kutanthauzira molakwika kwa "kufunika" kwa malonda apanyanja? Zoyendetsa sitima zimawerengera 30% ya malonda aku Poland potengera kulemera kwa katundu, zomwe sizingakope chidwi bwino, koma katundu yemweyo amawerengera pafupifupi 70% ya mtengo wamalonda wadziko lathu, zomwe zikuwonetsa bwino kufunika kwa chochitika ichi chuma cha Poland.