frigates ya Bundesmarine

Zombo zakale zaku Britain monga ma frigates ophunzitsira a Bundesmarine "zinayenda pang'ono padziko lapansi." Wojambulidwa ndi Graf Spee ku Vancouver mu 1963. Za Walter E. Frost/City of Vancouver Archives

Bundesmarine atangouka kumene adafika pamlingo wokwanira wokhutitsidwa ndi zombo zamagulu ofunikira kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti zinali zovuta kuonjezera mwayi umenewu mochuluka m'zaka zotsatira, kuyesetsa kulikonse kunapangidwa kuti mukhale ndi mlingo wapamwamba, osachepera, nthawi zonse.

Panali zifukwa zingapo zakukulira kwakukulu kwa Bundesmarine. Choyamba, ambiri, Germany anali mmodzi wa mayiko akuluakulu ku Ulaya pa nthawi imeneyo, ndi m'munsi mafakitale, mwamsanga kubwezeretsedwa pambuyo pa nkhondo - chifukwa thandizo la ndalama American - anapereka maziko chitukuko cha asilikali amphamvu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, malo abwino kwambiri pa nyanja ziwiri ndi ntchito ya mtundu wa chipata mu Danish Straits inafuna kukonzanso mphamvu yapanyanja yoyenera ya nthambi ya asilikali.

Kukhalapo kwaukadaulo apa ndi apo

Ntchito ya FRG inali yotsimikizika pa chiphunzitso cha kuyimitsa kotheka kwa asitikali a USSR ndi mayiko aku Europe akumadzulo kwa Europe. Chifukwa cha malo abwino, kutsogolo kwa nkhondo yotheka pakati pa zigawo ziwiri zotsutsana za mayiko kunayenera kudutsa m'mayiko a Germany. Chifukwa chake kufunikira kwachitukuko chochulukira champhamvu zapansi ndi mpweya, zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi magulu omwe akukhala, makamaka aku America. Kumbali ina, kukhalapo kwa magombe a Nyanja ya Baltic ndi Kumpoto komanso kuwongolera njira zamasitima zolumikizira madzi onse awiri (Kiel Canal ndi Danish Straits) zimafunikira kukulitsa kofananira kwa zombozo, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zidakonzedwa motsekedwa komanso. nyanja zotseguka. madzi a m'nyanja.

Ndipo inali Bundesmarine, mothandizidwa ndi zombo za mayiko ang'onoang'ono (Denmark, Norway, Netherlands ndi Belgium), kumbali imodzi, yomwe inayenera kuletsa mphamvu za Warsaw Pact mu Nyanja ya Baltic, ndipo nthawi yomweyo. nthawi khalani okonzeka kuteteza zombo za Atlantic. Izi zinafunika kutumizidwa kofanana kwa operekeza, kuwukira kopepuka, odana ndi mgodi ndi magulu ankhondo apamadzi. Kotero dongosolo loyamba lovomerezeka la chitukuko cha asilikali apanyanja a Bundesmarine "linadulidwa". Tiyeni tingokumbukira kuti dongosolo lokulitsa lolakalaka kwambiri, lomwe linapangidwa mu 1955, linapereka kutumizidwa kwa, mwa zina: owononga 16, oyang'anira 10 (amene adadzatchedwa frigates), 40 mabwato a torpedo, 12 sitima zapamadzi, 2 oyendetsa migodi, 24 akusesa, 30 mabwato.

Zinkaganiziridwa kuti zidzamangidwa ndi makampani ake omanga zombo. Monga mukuonera, pulaniyo inali yolinganizidwa bwino, ikukhazikitsa kufalikira kwa magulu onse ofunikira a zombo zankhondo. Komabe, mpaka ndondomeko yoyamba ya zigawozo zidapangidwa, kunali koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kanthawi kochepa Kriegsmarine yomwe inalipo ndikukumbukirabe nkhondo, kapena kutenga zombo "zogwiritsidwa ntchito" zoperekedwa ndi ogwirizana a NATO.

Inde, kutseka Danish Straits ndi zombo zazing’ono kunali kosavuta kuposa kugwira ndi kusunga owononga kapena frigates ambiri muutumiki. Pothetsa ntchito yoyamba, magulu ankhondo a mayiko ang'onoang'ono, makamaka Denmark ndi Norway, anathandiza kukulitsa magulu awo a mabwato a torpedo ndi oyendetsa mabomba.

Mu 1965, Bundesmarine inali ndi mabwato 40 a torpedo, 3 minelayers ndi 65 base ndi oyendetsa mabomba. Norway atha kutumiza 26 torpedo mabwato, 5 minelayers ndi 10 minesweepers, pamene Denmark akhoza atumiza 16 torpedo mabwato, 8 minelayers akale ndi 25 odana ndi mgodi mabwato osiyanasiyana (koma makamaka anamanga 40s). Zinali zoipitsitsa kwambiri ndi owononga okwera mtengo kwambiri ndi frigates. Onse a Denmark ndi Norway anali kumanga frigates yawo yoyamba pambuyo pa nkhondo panthawiyo (2 ndi 5 zombo motsatira). Ndicho chifukwa chake kunali kofunikira osati kwa Germany kokha, komanso kwa NATO yonse, kuti Bundesmarine inali ndi gulu loperekeza lokwanira.

Zombo za adani akale

Mu 1957, mogwirizana ndi zokambirana ndi Achimerika za owononga, utsogoleri wa Utumiki wa Chitetezo Germany anali kukambirana kuvomereza zombo ntchito komanso British. Kukambitsirana pa nkhaniyi kunayamba kumapeto kwa 1955. M'chaka chonse cha 1956, zambiri zinalembedwa, kuphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitengo yogulitsa. Kale mu Meyi, mayina a magawo omwe adasankhidwa kuti apatsidwe adadziwika. Anthu a ku Britain anayenera kulipira ndalama zambiri chifukwa cha owononga 3 operekezedwa ndi frigates 4, omwe anali, pambuyo pake, magulu omanga ankhondo okha. Ndipo kotero kwa mabwalo omwewo adapempha 670. 1,575 miliyoni mapaundi sterling pa mtengo wokonza ndi kukonzanso kofunikira ndi mapaundi ena 1,05 miliyoni sterling kwa zida zawo ndi zipangizo, zomwe zinapereka ndalama zokwana mapaundi 3,290 miliyoni, kapena pafupifupi 40 miliyoni Kumadzulo. German amalemba pamene.