Flash - kutsanzikana ndi mbiri yakale ya intaneti

Mapeto a Adobe Flash Player (1), chowonjezera cha asakatuli, adapatsa mawebusayiti kukhala ndi makanema ojambula ambiri komanso kulumikizana. Titha kunena kuti Flash ikhala gawo la mbiriyakale, ngakhale pali zoyeserera zoisunga ngati mtundu wa zosangalatsa, zongofanana ndi ma vinyl.

Idatulutsidwa mu 1996, kung'anima inali imodzi mwamatekinoloje odziwika bwino otsatsira makanema komanso kufalitsa munthawi yake. pa intaneti. Atangofika pachimake cha kutchuka, idagwa m'dziko la mafoni a m'manja. Kwa zaka zambiri iye wasonkhanitsa nkhokwe zazikulu Chitetezo cha Flash. Kupatula apo, chaka chatha Adobe adalengeza kuti siperekanso zosintha zachitetezo cha pulogalamuyi ndipo adalimbikitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kuti achotse pa asakatuli awo. Pulagi yomwe idakhalapo yamphamvu idalandira zosintha zake zaposachedwa pa Disembala XNUMX. Asakatuli akuluakulu monga Apple Safari, Thandizo la Flash limayimitsidwa kumapeto kwa chaka. Tsiku lomaliza lakuwonetsa makanema ndi makanema ojambula ndi Januware 12.

Masamba oyamba a "viral" pa intaneti

Mu Ogasiti 1996, atayesa kambiri, gulu la opanga kuchokera ku FutureWave, pamodzi ndi Jonathan Gay, yemwe wakhala akugwira ntchito pazithunzithunzi kuyambira 1992, adawonetsedwa kwa anthu. FutureSplash Animator ndi Baibulo lawo pulagi-mu kwa wosewera mpira pa maukonde zochokera Xavizomwe sizinagwire ntchito bwino mumsakatuli wamkulu panthawiyo Netscapekoma zabwino zokwanira Internet Explorerzezomwe zidakwanitsa kukopa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti kuti ayiyikire.

Oyang'anira Microsoft adachita chidwi ndi malondawo, komanso kuchokera ku ntchito yolembetsa ya Disney The Daily Blast, omwe adakhulupirira zimenezo FutureSplash kudzakhala wangwiro okhutira ana awo Intaneti matumizidwe ophatikizika amawu, nyimbo ndi zithunzi. Kuchokera kwa iwo, adaphunzira za pulogalamu ya Macromedia, yomwe posakhalitsa idavomereza kupeza FutureWave. Mu May 1997, patangopita miyezi yochepa, Macromedia inalowa msika. Flash 2 - ndi kulunzanitsa kwamawu, kulowetsa zithunzi ndikutsata ma auto (kusintha ma bitmaps kukhala mawonekedwe a vector) ngati chinthu choyimilira.

pamene kung'anima adapeza mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito intaneti, ogwiritsa ntchito adalumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito ma modemu amafoni. Kuthamanga kwa nthawiyo kumatanthawuza kuti kukweza zithunzi zokhazikika nthawi zina kunali vuto. Zinali zovuta kuganiza za makanema ojambula ndi mafilimu. M’lingaliro limeneli Flash idabweretsa nyengo yatsopano ndipo adalowamo osafuna zambiri nthawi imodzi. "Itha kupanga makanema athunthu amphindi atatu okhala ndi zilembo zingapo, maziko, mawu ndi nyimbo zosakwana ma megabytes awiri zomwe zitha kuwonedwa mumsakatuli," adalongosola wolemba makanema David Firth m'mawu okumbukira kutuluka kwa Flash patsamba la BBC.

Masamba okhala ndi Flash iwo anali ofanana oyambirira a njira zamasiku ano zochulukitsa "ma virus". Chimodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri chinali tsamba la Newgrounds, lotchedwa "YouTube of the golden Age of Flash." Zikuwoneka kuti zikukwaniritsa kufunikira kokulirapo kwa makanema ojambula ndi masewera zokambirana. "Inali tsamba loyamba lomwe limalola aliyense kutumiza zomwe zili ndipo zidapezeka munthawi yeniyeni," akupitiliza Firth.

Mu 1998 kung'anima zozikika kale mu netiweki. Kutchuka kwake kudakula pakati pa akatswiri ojambula omwe adawona intaneti ngati njira yatsopano komanso yosangalatsa. Chofunikira chachikulu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta zida zojambula i mapulagi kwa network playerchomwe chinapanga maziko a Flash chinali kusinthasintha kwake, kuthekera kwake kuphatikiza zinthu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kuyanjana. Chitukuko cha Flash chikukula mwachangu. Mmodzi mwa oyambitsa odziwika bwino a Flash anali Tom Fulp, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito tsamba la Newgrounds lomwe tatchulalo. “Flash chinali chida chopangira chomwe ndimakonda nthawi zonse,” ikukumbukira motero Ars Technica Fulp. "Zosavuta kuphatikiza makanema ojambula ndi ma code." Chilankhulo chopanga mapulogalamu Flash ActionScript (yopangidwa ndi Gary Grossman) adawonekera mu 2000 pawonetsero Flash 5.

Ntchito ya Flash inali yofulumira. Opanga pulogalamuyi adadabwa ngati kunali koyenera kulowa dziko lapaintaneti lamavidiyo. Zimphona zingapo zamakampani zidali kale ndi mayankho awo amakanema amakanema. macro media anaganiza kulowa msika kanema, ndipo patapita kanthawi anakhazikitsa mgwirizano ndi oyambitsa yaing'ono wotchedwa YouTubemomwe Flash inali mtundu waukulu mpaka 2015.

Ntchito zimalengeza chiweruzo

M'chaka choyamba YouTube Macromedia ndi Flash zidagulidwa ndi Adobe. Dziko lapansi linkawoneka ngati lotseguka ku Flash. Komabe, sunali mulingo wapaintaneti m'mawu onsewa. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono HTML i CSS zinabala zipatso zambiri. Kukhazikitsa kwa mayankho awa ndi ena pa intaneti, kuphatikiza. SVG i JavaScriptzidakhala zofala kwambiri. Patapita nthawi, Flash inayamba kutaya mpikisano wake woyambirira pa intaneti.

Komabe, anapitiriza kukula. Mothandizidwa ndi Adobe Flash Player adawonjezera pamalingaliro ake, mwa zina, kumasulira kwa 3D, ndipo Adobe adayambitsa pamenepo Wopanga flexible ndi zinthu za Adobe Integrated Runtime (AIR), zomwe zidapangitsa Flash kukhala malo ogwiritsira ntchito nsanja zonse zothandizidwa. Makina apakompyuta i mafoni. Pofika chaka cha 2009, malinga ndi Adobe, Flash idayikidwa pa 99% ya makompyuta olumikizidwa ndi intaneti. Tsopano zangotengedwa basi mafoni...

Heavy Flash sinachite bwino pazida zazing'ono, makamaka zotsika mtengo. Mtundu wochotsedwa wapangidwa Kuwala Kuwala, yomwe m'madera ena, mwachitsanzo ku Japan, inali yotchuka kwambiri, koma mpaka pano pakhala pali mavuto ndi ntchito yake yolondola mu mafoni a m'manja ndi kugwirizana.

Kuwonongeka kwa mbiriyakale kunagwera pa Apple. lotseguka lotchedwa "Maganizo pa Kung'anima" momwe adafotokozera chifukwa chake Apple sangalole kuti pulogalamuyo iziyenda pa iPhone ndi iPad. Zimanenedwa kuti ndizotopetsa kwambiri kuthana nazo zenera logwira, ndi yosadalirika, imayika chiwopsezo chachitetezo, ndipo imakhetsa mabatire a chipangizocho. Monga momwe adafotokozera mwachidule, makanema ndi makanema amatha kuperekedwa ku zida za Apple pogwiritsa ntchito HTML5 ndi mayankho ena otseguka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti piritsi ndi chinthu chosafunikira.

Amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa chake ndi chotsimikizika Kusiya ntchito kwa Flash ndipo si kampani yake yokhayo yoipa. M'mbuyomu, Adobe adapereka pulogalamu yatsopano, yosinthidwa makamaka ndi mafoni. Sizinathandize. Ntchito sizinapatsenso Flash mwayi chifukwa cha njira ya Apple, yomwe kuyambira pachiyambi inali yofuna kupanga chilengedwe chake, ndipo Flash inali thupi lachilendo mmenemo, chinthu chakunja.

Chinali chigamulo. China chachikulu Netflix i YouTubeadayamba kutsitsa makanema awo ku mafoni opanda Flash. Mu 2015, Apple idayimitsa pulogalamu yowonjezera mwachisawawa mu msakatuli wake wa Safari, pomwe Chrome Google idayamba kuletsa zina za Flash Pazifukwa zachitetezo. Adobe mwiniwake wavomereza kuti matekinoloje ena monga HTML5, ndi okhwima mokwanira kuti akhale "njira yeniyeni" popanda kufunikira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kukhazikitsa ndikusintha pulogalamu yowonjezera, ndipo potsiriza mu 2011 iwo anasiya kupanga zida zam'manja ndikuwapititsa ku HTML5. Mu Julayi 2017, kampaniyo idalengeza kuti ithetsa kuthandizira kwa Flash mu 2020.

Moyo pambuyo pa imfa

Imfa ya Flash ichi sichifukwa cha kulira kwakukulu. Kwa zaka zambiri, plug-in imadziwika kuti imawonongeka, imapanga zovuta, ndikupanga mawebusayiti mochulukirachulukira. Komabe, ena amamvera chisoni Flash. Kuonjezera apo, panali mantha kuti zosungiramo zojambula, masewera ndi mawebusaiti omwe amasonkhanitsidwa pazaka zambiri zidzatayika, monga "zopambana" za osewera otchuka pa Facebook zaka zambiri zapitazo. Masewera amakanema a FarmVille (3) popeza wopanga wake Zynga adayimitsa kumapeto kwa 2020.

3. Farmville ndi imodzi mwamasewera otchuka kwambiri

Kwa iwo omwe amamvera chisoni Flash, komanso zambiri mwazinthu zonse zomwe zidapangidwa mmenemo, oyambitsa ambiri adasonkhana pulojekiti yotchedwa chiwonongeko yapangidwa ndikupitiliza kupanga pulogalamu yotsatsira yomwe imatha kusewera zomwe zili mu Flash mumsakatuli popanda kufunikira kokhala ndi pulagi. Pulogalamuyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito patsamba lomwe limapereka mbiri ya intaneti - I.intaneti archive.

Kwa mwini Windows kompyuta njira yabwino yopangiranso zinthu zakale Flash ndi Flashpoint, pulogalamu yaulere yokhala ndi mwayi wopeza masewera opitilira 70 pa intaneti ndi makanema ojambula 8, ambiri omwe amachokera paukadaulo wa Flash. (Matembenuzidwe oyesera a Mac ndi Linux akupezekanso, koma ndi ovuta kukhazikitsa.) Pulogalamu yokhazikika ya pulogalamuyi pophulikira amakulolani kutsitsa masewera aliwonse omwe mukufuna kuchokera pamndandanda waukulu, koma mutha kutsitsanso zolemba zonse nthawi imodzi ngati muli ndi kukumbukira kwa 532 GB.

FlashPoint imayendetsa "projekiti" yoyimilira ya Flash yomwe siyimaphatikizidwira mumayendedwe okhazikika a Adobe ndipo simalumikizana ndi intaneti, kupatula pomwe masewerawa akukwezedwa kuti azisewera. Pamasewera omwe amafunikira kulumikizidwa kumasamba omwe adachokera, FlashPoint imayendetsa seva yapaintaneti yapafupi yomwe imapusitsa masewera kuti aganize kuti ali pa intaneti. Izi ndi zotetezeka kwambiri kuposa kuyendetsa Flash mwanjira yanthawi zonse, ndipo sizinakhudzidwe ndi kuletsa kwa Adobe Flash thandizo. Pulogalamu ina ya "nostalgic", mtengo wa coniferous, imakulolani kuyendetsa msakatuli wakale wogwiritsa ntchito Flash pakompyuta yakutali, ndikupatula wogwiritsa ntchito ku nkhawa zilizonse zachitetezo. Imaperekedwa ndi Rhizome, gulu la ojambula omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kuti apange kulumikizana ndi Flash illustration.

Zatsopano Zatsopano idatulutsa Flash Player yake ya Windows, yomwe imasunga bwino zomwe zili patsamba lake, chifukwa chake mumadziwabe kugwiritsa ntchito koyenera kwa Newgrounds kuli ndi chilolezo ndi Adobe kuti mugawire mtundu umodzi wa pulogalamuyi. Flash Player ngakhale kutha kwa ntchito yake.

Ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti, mwaukadaulo, Flash ngati yankho lachitukuko ipitilira kugwira ntchito. Chida chokulitsa kung'anima ndi gawo la pulogalamuyi adobe animatepomwe injini yoperekera ndi gawo la pulogalamuyo Adobe AIRidzalandidwa ndi Harman International, kampani yamagetsi yamabizinesi, kuti ikonzedwe mosalekeza pomwe ikupitiliza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamabizinesi.