Ferrari 512 BB vs. Lamborghini Miura P 400 SV: kumbuyo pakati - Sportscars

Wina akhoza kukwinya mphuno zawo akawona magalimoto awiri amasewera palimodzi omwe amayimira zaka makumi awiri zosiyana siyana pamakampani opanga masewera othamanga ku Italy, zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi zapitazo. Miura ndi makumi asanu ndi awiri kwa BB... Koma, poyang'ana tsatanetsatane wa nkhani ziwirizi, zomwe sizimadutsana, koma zimadutsana, timvetsetsa kuti ndiwanzeru bwanji kuziphatikiza kuposa momwe zimawonekera koyamba.

Poyamba, zilombo ziwirizi muutumiki wathu ndizosintha kwambiri zamitundu yawo (sindinaganizire za 512 BBi poyerekeza ndi 12-mbiya Sant'Agata carburetors), koma koposa zonse, chaka chomwe "Miura". mitundu” inasiya kupanga The BB (osati 512, koma 365 GT4, kapena mndandanda woyamba wa Berlinetta Ferrari wodabwitsa uja) idayamba ulendo wake pamsika wamasewera, zomwe zidayambitsa chipwirikiti pakati pa mafani, monga adachitira Miura. zachitika zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo.

Koma kuti. Ku 1965 Turin Motor Show poyimilira Lamborghini Chassis chatsopano chokhala ndi zilembo za PT 400 (mwachitsanzo, 4-lita yopingasa kumbuyo) yokhala ndi chimango chachitsulo ndi kapangidwe kazitsulo ndi mabowo owunikira osiyanasiyana, ofanana poyang'ana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa magalimoto, agwira bwino ntchito. Zojambulazo (zomwe tsopano zili ndi okhometsa awiri aku America a Joe Saki ndi Gary Bobileff) zidapangidwa ndi mainjiniya Gian Paolo Dallara (Mlengi wa Veyron chassis lero) kuti apange injini ya 12-malita 3.9-cylinder (3.929 cc, 350 hp @ 7.000 rpm) pamalo ozungulira omwe adapangidwa ndi enjiniya wina. Giotto Bizzarrini.

Kuwoneka kwakanthawi kumeneku, komwe kunadzetsa mkwiyo pakati pa okonda magalimoto amasewera, kumayembekezera kusintha kwamachitidwe kuti galimoto yomwe ili ndi chassis chotere (inde Miura) ibweretsa chisokonezo kudziko lamapikisano. Miura yoyamba, P400, idavumbulutsidwa ku 1966 Geneva Motor Show ndipo idafotokozera zakumva ndi kupambana kwa chassis yomwe idavala. Adapangitsa onse omwe adatenga nawo gawo kuti azikalamba mu kuphethira kwa diso ndi mizere yake yamtsogolo (yamasiku amenewo), yosalala ndikugona pansi, yopangidwa ndi mnyamatayo. Marcello Gandini, ndi yankho lopambanitsa - zipewa ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimatsegulidwa ngati bukhu, zimatulutsa zinsinsi zamakina agalimoto ndikusiya kapangidwe kamkati pakati pafupifupi maliseche. Njira yosinthira makina yomwe tidakambirana idathandiziranso kuti ikhale Martian.

Ponena za zimango, ziyenera kugogomezedwa kuti kuti tisunge gulu lonse magalimoto mkati mwazitsulo ziwiri (pamenepa vuto ndi chitsulo chakumbuyo) Bizzarrini (yemwe amakonda makina amtunduwu kotero kuti adalandiranso injini zam'mbuyo, pa Ferrari 250 GTO komanso pa "Bizzarrini 5300 GT" yake Makhadzi Kuthamanga Miura P400 pansi pamiyala yamphamvu. Pambuyo popanga magalimoto atatu oyamba, mainjiniya a Dallara (adathandizira mu projekiti ya Miura eng. Paolo Stanzani ndi woyeserera woyeserera ku New Zealand Bob wallace) adazindikira kuti kuzungulira kwa injini (poyang'ana galimoto kuchokera kumanzere) sikulola kuti injini iziyenda bwino. Malangizo amasinthidwe kenako adasinthidwa kuti azitha kuperekanso mphamvu pafupipafupi. Kusankha kwamapangidwe oyikapo dziwe pakati pa kanyumba kanyumba kanyumba ndi kutsogolo, komwe kumawoneka ngati dzira la Columbus kuti likwaniritse magawidwe ake, kunadzetsa mavuto ku Miura mndandanda woyamba (mayunitsi 475 omwe adapangidwa kuyambira 1966 mpaka 1969), monga kutaya pang'ono ndi pang'ono chifukwa cha mphezi pamphuno ya thankiyo, yomwe idayamba "kuyandama" kuthamanga kwambiri, chifukwa chake mawilo amtsogolo adataya kulimba kofunikira ndikukhazikika kwazitsogozo.

Le machitidwe Miura wapamwamba kwambiri (liwiro lalikulu 280 km / h) adapangitsa kuti vutoli liwonekere, popeza eni misewu yothamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi panthawiyo sanangogwiritsa ntchito poyenda. Pankhaniyi, vuto lina la mndandanda woyamba wa P400 Miura linali kuphika (zomwe ndimatha kudziwonera ndekha, ndikuwopa kwambiri, paulendo wochokera ku Milan kupita ku Sant'Agata): makina omwe adakhazikitsidwa koyambirira sanalole kuti mphamvu zonse za chilombochi zigwiritsidwe ntchito komanso momwe angachitire kukakamizidwa pama pedal anali ochepa komanso ochedwa. Mavuto achichepere oyambirirawa adayankhidwa pang'ono mu mtundu wachiwiri wa Miura, 400 P 1969 S, chifukwa chokhazikitsidwa matayala chokulirapo ndikukonzekeretsa dongosolo la mabuleki ndi latsopano amayendetsa mpweya wokwanira wokhala ndi m'mimba mwake waukulu. Apo mphamvu injini, chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kosavuta kwa compression ratio (yomwe idakwera kuchokera 9,5: 1 mpaka 10,4: 1), idakwera kuchokera 350 mpaka 370 hp, komanso 7.000 rpm, ndipo liwiro lidakulanso mpaka 287 km / h yabwino. ziphuphu Thupi lachitatu la Weber 40 IDA 30, makamaka mpikisano, lasinthidwa ndi thanki yaying'ono yopanda mafuta kuti athane ndi zolakwika zomwe zidapezeka mndandanda woyamba.

P 400 S idapitilirabe kupangidwa (mayunitsi 140 yonse), ngakhale pomwe Miura idaperekedwa mu 1971, yabwino kwambiri komanso yangwiro (ndipo lero ndi yomwe yatchulidwa kwambiri ndikufunidwa): Chithunzi cha SV400... Mkwiyowu udatha nsidze kuzungulira zowunikira (kupatula nthawi zosowa zomwe wogula amafunabe ma grilles oyipa, monga zidachitikira ndi mtundu wathu wothandizira, wopangidwa ndi Ferruccio Lamborghini iyemwini), mapiko Kumbuyo kwakulitsidwa kuti ikwaniritse matayala atsopano a 235/15/60, omwe amapatsa tirigu wosangalatsa kwambiri, ndi injini yokhala ndi 385bhp. pa 7.850 rpm, zomwe zinalola SV kuyenda mofulumira kwambiri 295 km / h (ndipo tikulankhula za 1971).

Kenako, atagwira ntchito yotchuka yomwe idatenga pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri (momwe anthu otchuka ambiri monga Claudio Villa, Little Tony, Bobby Solo, Gino Paoli, Elton John ndi Dean Martin, komanso mafumu monga King Hussein waku Jordan kapena Mohammad Reza Pahlavi iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito ngati galimoto yawo), wosintha Miura adachoka powonekera kumapeto kwa 72 (zomaliza zamitundu 150 P 400 SV, chassis nambala 5018, idagulitsidwa mchaka cha 73), wotsutsana naye woyenera. Ferrari 365 GT4 BB, idayamba kupanga.

Kenako inali nthawi yoti asinthe kwambiri machitidwe a Maranello: atayesa kuchita manyazi koyamba zonenepa khumi ndi ziwiri Kuchokera ku 250 LM, yomwe idatsalira ngati galimoto yamasewera yosinthidwa pamsewu, pa 365 GT / 4 BB, Ferrari adasunthiranso injiniyo, nthawi ino ndikusunthira kwina "kofunikira" (4.390,35 cc) kuposa pamenepo. Le Mans ndi 6-silinda Dino 206 GT yapitayi, kumbuyo kwa woyendetsa, kuti apititse patsogolo magawidwe achilengedwe motero kukonza ndi kusunga misewu. Chifukwa chake, 365 GT4 BB inali msewu woyamba wa 12-silinda Ferrari kukhala ndi injini kumbuyo kwa woyendetsa.

Kunali kupambana kwakukulu komwe kunabweretsa watsopano Berlinette Boxer ndi Maranello, galimoto yokonda mizere yolimba komanso yakuthwa, yotsika komanso yamwano, ngati tsamba laling'ono. Koma nkhaniyi sinayime pamenepo: 365 GT4 BB analinso woyamba Ferrari woyenda pamsewu wokhala ndi injini ya nkhonya. M'malo mwake, injini yosinthira yamphamvu iyi sinali injini ya nkhonya, koma injini ya V-12 (kapena boxer) ya 180-degree, pomwe ndodo zolumikizira zidamangirizidwa awiriawiri pa shaft yofananira, m'malo modalira pazothandizirana zosiyana ndodo yolumikizira iliyonse. (malinga ndi chiwembu cha nkhonya). Injini yatsopanoyi imabwereka kuchokera ku Ferrari's Fomula 3 ndi injini ya malita 1969 yopangidwa ndi Mauro Forghieri mu 1964 (pambuyo pa Ferrari, 512 F1 idayamba kale mu XNUMX ndi ma cylinders otsutsana). imaloledwa kutsika kwambiri wosakanikirana kutuluka mgalimoto.

Pawonekera koyamba pagulu pa 1971 Turin Motor Show, berlinetta yatsopanoyi idadabwitsa malingaliro a onse okonda Ferrari ndipo anali okonzeka bwino kupeza mayankho okweza kwambiri kuchokera kwa makasitomala munthawi yochepa omwe anali atayesa kale malire apamwamba a Daytona wapitawo. Galimoto yatsopano, komabe, sinayambe kupanga mpaka koyambirira kwa 1973. Mphamvu ya "flat fifitini" Berlinetta Boxer, komabe, idalipirira kuchedwa uku: kuchokera pa 4,4 malita osamuka, mainjiniya a Ferrari adatha "kufinya" pafupifupi 400 horsepower (380 hp pa 7.700 rpm). Chifukwa chake, 365 GT / 4 BB idakonzekera kukwaniritsa zofunikira kwambiri za omwe akutsatira a Ferrari. Zimanenedwa kuti ndikusintha kwatsopano kwa supercar iyi kuchokera ku Maranello, Gilles Villeneuve ankazolowera kusuntha "modekha" kuchokera kunyumba kwake ku Montecarlo kupita ku Maranello, posankha 512 BB kupita ku helikopita yake, popeza adati nthawi yoyenda inali yofanana.

Koma nthano pambali, BB ndiye Ferraris wokondedwa kwambiri wamasiku ano: nkhanza zake, zomwe ndizokhwima kwambiri zomwe zitha kuthana nazo, zasandutsa chinthu chokhumudwitsa komanso chosiririka chomwe chingayambitse nkhawa komanso kaduka pakati pa okonda magalimoto ambiri. Mizere yake yosokoneza, pamwamba pa hood yakutsogolo ndi zenera lakutsogolo limakhazikika pakukwiya, ngati kuti ikufuna kubisalira mlengalenga. nyali zochotseka kuti musasokoneze mawonekedwe oyenera masana, mchira wodula ndikumangirira pang'ono poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chakumbuyo (mosiyana ndi chakutsogolo), adapanga Berlinetta Boxer china chake chokhala mlengalenga ndikupangitsa mitima ya iwo omwe adaziwona pakalilole woyang'ana kumbuyo kuthamanga kwa nyenyezi kumenya. The 365 GT / 4 BB idafika pamtunda wapa stratospheric kwakanthawi: 295 km / h, atayendetsa kilomita imodzi kuchokera pomwe adayimilira m'masekondi 25,2 okha.

Ndi wheelbase yayitali pang'ono kuposa Daytona wakale (2.500 mm m'malo mwa 2.400 mm) ndikugawana bwino kulemera komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kasinthidwe ka chassis chatsopano, pomwe injini ili pamalo apakatikati, berlinetta iyi inali ndi misewu yapadera yomwe imalola kuti igwire bwino panjira. Khalidwe lowona mtima, lodziwikiratu ndi oyendetsa ndege odziwa zambiri, koma ndi zoperewera zomwe ndizovuta kuti anthu azikwaniritse.

Mu 1976, injini yatsopano yokhala ndi pafupifupi pafupifupi 5.000 cc. Cm (4.942,84 cc) idayikidwa pa BB ndipo dzina lake lidakhala 512 BB. Mtundu watsopanowu wa Berlinetta wochokera ku Maranello (galimoto yathu yantchito) wakulitsa misewu ndikukhazikitsa matayala akulu, ndikupindulitsa kugwira msewu... Kuchokera pamalingaliro okongoletsa, livery yapeza mtundu wapawiri (wakuda kumunsi kwa thupi), umodzi wowononga pansi pa grille kukonza kukhazikika kwa mphuno ndi kudya mpweya Mbiri ya Naca kumapeto kwa mpanda kuseri kwa zitseko, komanso matauni awiri akuluakulu oyenda kumbuyo omwe amalowa m'malo mwa atatu apitawo.

Komabe, ngakhale injini ikuluikulu ikutha, mphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito a berlinetta watsopano watsika pang'ono. Ndi mphamvu ya 360 hp pa 7.500 rpm, liwiro lapamwamba lidatsikira "kokha" 283 km / h, kukhumudwitsa kowoneka bwino kwa mafani a Ferrari. Komabe, mtundu watsopano wa BB, womwe umasinthasintha komanso kuwongolera, udapereka mwayi kwa omvera omwe sanalinso "Oyendetsa Fomula XNUMX" okha.

M'masinthidwe ake aposachedwa, momwe adayikiramojekeseni wamagetsi Osalunjika Bosch K-Jetronic m'malo mwa batire la zikuluzikulu zinayi za Weber carburettors, 512 BBi (yomwe idayambitsidwa mu 1981) inali ndi magetsi awiri owonjezera mbali kutsogolo kwa grille, ndipo "i" adayang'ana motsutsana ndi chrome. dzina lokhala ndi dzina lachitsanzo.

Izi zochititsa chidwi Ferrari berlinette genie akhoza ndithudi kutchedwa "mayi" wa epochal kusintha kwa mbiri ya Maranello magalimoto msewu, ponse ponse poyenda injini kuseri kwa dalaivala ndi mawu kusintha kasinthidwe V-mawonekedwe. masilinda (sanapangidwenso, komabe, Ferrari yamphamvuyi itatuluka). Inalidi imodzi mwa Ferraris yomwe idatsimikizira malingaliro omwe ochepa okha angakwanitse. Kuwona 512 BB lero, pamodzi mwina Lamborghini wokondedwa kwambiri m'mbiri ya Sant'Agata, ndi mwayi umene ndatha kukwanitsa kupyolera mu ntchito yanga monga wojambula zithunzi ndi mtolankhani.

Palibe kukayika kuti Miura ngakhale lero ndi galimoto yosagwirizana, ngakhale kuti mizere yake ndi yolimba kwambiri komanso yakuthwa kwa mizere, 512 BB imatenga njira yowonjezereka komanso yoyeretsedwa. Miura ili ndi chithumwa chagalimoto yothamanga, ndipo mutha kudziwanso kuti ndi pafupifupi masentimita khumi omwe amalekanitsa kutalika kwa BB "yomasuka". Koma akandifunsa mosabisa kanthu kuti ndisankhepo chimodzi mwa izo, sindikanatha kusankha ndipo ndingayankhe motere: “Izi ndi zojambulajambula ziŵiri, zapadera m’kapangidwe kake ndi kamangidwe ka maseŵera. magalimoto, ndingawatenge onse awiri? “